HbA1c

1. Which of the following is not a glycated haemoglobin?

HbA0

HbA1a

HbA1b

HbA1c

HbA0 is not a glycated haemoglobin. Glycated haemoglobin refers to the attachment of glucose to the haemoglobin molecule. HbA1a, HbA1b, and HbA1c are all forms of glycated haemoglobin, representing different stages of glucose attachment. HbA0, on the other hand, refers to the normal, non-glycated form of haemoglobin.

Explanation

HbA0 is not a glycated haemoglobin. Glycated haemoglobin refers to the attachment of glucose to the haemoglobin molecule. HbA1a, HbA1b, and HbA1c are all forms of glycated haemoglobin, representing different stages of glucose attachment. HbA0, on the other hand, refers to the normal, non-glycated form of haemoglobin.

2. Which of the following does not measure HbA1c?

High performance liquid chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography

Colorimetry

Indirect potentiometry

Indirect potentiometry is not a method used to measure HbA1c. HbA1c is typically measured using high performance liquid chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, or colorimetry. Indirect potentiometry is a technique used to measure the potential difference between two electrodes in a solution, and it is not suitable for measuring HbA1c levels.

Explanation

Indirect potentiometry is not a method used to measure HbA1c. HbA1c is typically measured using high performance liquid chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, or colorimetry. Indirect potentiometry is a technique used to measure the potential difference between two electrodes in a solution, and it is not suitable for measuring HbA1c levels.

3. Which of the following is incorrect?

HbA1c is useful for evaluating the success of diabetic treatment and patient compliance

HbA1c provides a sensitive estimate of glucose imbalance in patients with mild diabetes

Concentration of labile form of HbA1c does not fluctuates rapidly in response to acute changes in glucose level

Advantage of HbA1c is that specimen can be drawn at any time

The concentration of the labile form of HbA1c does not fluctuate rapidly in response to acute changes in glucose level. This is incorrect because the labile form of HbA1c is sensitive to acute changes in glucose levels and can fluctuate rapidly. HbA1c provides a sensitive estimate of glucose imbalance in patients with mild diabetes, making it useful for evaluating the success of diabetic treatment and patient compliance. Another advantage of HbA1c is that the specimen can be drawn at any time.

Explanation

The concentration of the labile form of HbA1c does not fluctuate rapidly in response to acute changes in glucose level. This is incorrect because the labile form of HbA1c is sensitive to acute changes in glucose levels and can fluctuate rapidly. HbA1c provides a sensitive estimate of glucose imbalance in patients with mild diabetes, making it useful for evaluating the success of diabetic treatment and patient compliance. Another advantage of HbA1c is that the specimen can be drawn at any time.

4. The determination of HbA1c reflects the average glucose level for

30 - 60 days

60 - 90 days

90 - 360 days

100 - 120 days

The determination of HbA1c reflects the average glucose level for 100-120 days. HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is formed when glucose attaches to hemoglobin in red blood cells. As red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days, measuring HbA1c provides an indication of average blood glucose levels over that time period. This makes it a useful tool for assessing long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.

Explanation

The determination of HbA1c reflects the average glucose level for 100-120 days. HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is formed when glucose attaches to hemoglobin in red blood cells. As red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 120 days, measuring HbA1c provides an indication of average blood glucose levels over that time period. This makes it a useful tool for assessing long-term glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.

5. Conversion of HbA-βNH2 with glucose to stable HbA1c is a

Rapid reversible enzymatic reaction

Rapid irreversible non-enzymatic reaction

Slow irreversible enzymatic reaction

Slow reversible enzymatic reaction

The conversion of HbA-βNH2 with glucose to stable HbA1c is a slow irreversible enzymatic reaction. This means that the reaction occurs slowly and cannot be reversed. Enzymes are involved in the process, indicating that they catalyze the reaction. The irreversible nature of the reaction suggests that once the conversion takes place, it cannot be reversed back to its original form.

Explanation

The conversion of HbA-βNH2 with glucose to stable HbA1c is a slow irreversible enzymatic reaction. This means that the reaction occurs slowly and cannot be reversed. Enzymes are involved in the process, indicating that they catalyze the reaction. The irreversible nature of the reaction suggests that once the conversion takes place, it cannot be reversed back to its original form.

6. Which of the following is incorrect for increased level of HbA1c?

Newly diagnosed and poorly controlled diabetic patient

Acute stress response, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, glucagonaoma

Splenectomized patient

Chronic renal failure

Chronic renal failure is incorrect for increased levels of HbA1c because HbA1c is a measure of long-term blood glucose control and is not affected by renal function. In chronic renal failure, there may be impaired kidney function leading to decreased clearance of HbA1c, resulting in falsely low levels. Therefore, chronic renal failure does not contribute to increased levels of HbA1c.

Explanation

Chronic renal failure is incorrect for increased levels of HbA1c because HbA1c is a measure of long-term blood glucose control and is not affected by renal function. In chronic renal failure, there may be impaired kidney function leading to decreased clearance of HbA1c, resulting in falsely low levels. Therefore, chronic renal failure does not contribute to increased levels of HbA1c.

Hba1c