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1. You should not elevate the shoulder past 90 degrees after surgical repair of a rotator cuff injury

Explanation

After surgical repair of a rotator cuff injury, it is important not to elevate the shoulder past 90 degrees. This is because excessive shoulder elevation can put strain on the repaired tendons and compromise the healing process. Keeping the shoulder below 90 degrees helps to protect the surgical repair and allows for proper healing and recovery.

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About This Quiz
Upper Limb Quizzes & Trivia

This quiz assesses key aspects of hand and upper extremity clinical examinations. Topics include muscle atrophy observation, edema measurement using a volumeter, grip strength testing with a dynamometer, and the evaluation of intrinsic muscles. It's designed for learners in physical and occupational therapy fields.

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2. The scaphoid bone heals easily and quickly

Explanation

Poor healing due to poor circulation

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3. When splinting for carpal tunnel syndrom, the wrist should be at 90 degrees of flexion

Explanation

Neutral

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4. Tendon gliding exercises for carpal tunnel include the following positions:Straight, hook, table top, partial fist, and full fist

Explanation

The statement is true because tendon gliding exercises are commonly used to improve the flexibility and mobility of the tendons in the hand and wrist. These exercises involve moving the fingers and wrist through various positions, such as straight, hook, table top, partial fist, and full fist, to stretch and strengthen the tendons. These exercises are often recommended as part of the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition that causes compression of the median nerve in the wrist. By regularly performing these exercises, individuals can help alleviate symptoms and improve their hand and wrist function.

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5. Reduction with cast immobilization is an appropriate non-surgical management for a distal radius fracture

Explanation

Reduction with cast immobilization is considered an appropriate non-surgical management for a distal radius fracture. This means that using a cast to immobilize the fractured area can help in realigning the broken bone and promoting proper healing without the need for surgery. This approach is often effective in cases where the fracture is stable and the bones can be properly aligned with the help of a cast. However, it is important to note that the appropriateness of this management option may vary depending on the specific characteristics of the fracture and the individual patient.

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6. Ulnar nerve compression, also known as cubital tunnel syndrome, causes intrinsic atrophy and grip strength weakness

Explanation

Ulnar nerve compression, also known as cubital tunnel syndrome, can lead to intrinsic muscle atrophy and weakness in grip strength. This is because the ulnar nerve supplies the muscles responsible for fine motor movements in the hand, such as gripping objects. When the nerve is compressed or damaged, it can result in muscle wasting and reduced strength in the affected hand. Therefore, the statement is true.

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7. De-Quervain's Tendonitis involves the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

Explanation

De Quervain's Tendonitis is a condition that affects the tendons of the thumb. The two tendons involved in this condition are the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB). These tendons are responsible for the movement of the thumb away from the palm and extension of the thumb, respectively. Therefore, the statement that De Quervain's Tendonitis involves the APL and EPB tendons is true.

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8. Radial head fractures result from a fall on outstretched extremity

Explanation

Radial head fractures occur when a person falls and lands on their outstretched arm. This type of fracture is common in situations where individuals try to break their fall by extending their arm. The impact of the fall causes the radial head, which is the part of the elbow joint that connects the upper arm bone to the forearm bone, to fracture. Therefore, the statement "Radial head fractures result from a fall on outstretched extremity" is true.

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9. The mill's test combines elbow extension with wrist flexion

Explanation

The mill's test is a physical examination maneuver used to assess for lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow. During this test, the examiner asks the patient to extend their elbow while the examiner resists the movement. Additionally, the examiner asks the patient to flex their wrist while the examiner resists the movement. By combining elbow extension with wrist flexion, the mill's test helps to reproduce the pain and tenderness associated with lateral epicondylitis. Therefore, the statement "The mill's test combines elbow extension with wrist flexion" is true.

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10. The empty can test pinpoints a supraspinatus tear

Explanation

The empty can test is a clinical examination used to assess the integrity of the supraspinatus muscle and tendon in the shoulder. The test involves the patient abducting their arm to 90 degrees with the thumb pointing down, while the examiner applies downward pressure on the arm. If pain or weakness is experienced during this test, it suggests a tear in the supraspinatus tendon. Therefore, the statement "The empty can test pinpoints a supraspinatus tear" is true.

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11. Rotator cuff impingement occurs when the supraspinatus is impinged underneath the acromion and coraacromial ligament

Explanation

The statement is true because rotator cuff impingement commonly occurs when the supraspinatus tendon gets trapped or pinched between the acromion (a bony prominence of the shoulder blade) and the coracoacromial ligament. This impingement can cause pain, inflammation, and limited range of motion in the shoulder.

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12. The Neer's test is appropriate to identify rotator cuff impingement

Explanation

The Neer's test is a commonly used clinical test to assess for rotator cuff impingement. During the test, the patient's arm is passively elevated while the scapula is stabilized, causing the rotator cuff tendons to come into contact with the acromion. If this maneuver reproduces pain, it suggests the presence of rotator cuff impingement. Therefore, the statement that the Neer's test is appropriate to identify rotator cuff impingement is true.

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13. The device used to measure grip strength is a

Explanation

A dynamometer is a device used to measure grip strength. It is specifically designed to measure the force exerted by the muscles of the hand and forearm when gripping an object. This device provides an accurate and standardized measurement of grip strength, which is important in various fields such as sports medicine, rehabilitation, and ergonomics. Unlike a goniometer, which measures angles, or other unrelated devices like a sphagmometer or volumeter, a dynamometer is specifically designed for grip strength measurement. A kilometer is a unit of distance and is not relevant to measuring grip strength.

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14. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a neuropathy of the radial nerve

Explanation

Median Nerve

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15. Assessment for dupuytren's contractures includes ROM, Pain, Edema, Vascular Status, Sensory Thresholds, Wound Status

Explanation

The given statement is true. Assessment for Dupuytren's contractures includes evaluating various factors such as range of motion (ROM) of the affected fingers, pain levels, presence of edema (swelling), vascular status (blood flow to the hand), sensory thresholds (ability to feel sensation), and wound status (if any wounds are present). These assessments help in determining the severity and progression of the condition, as well as guiding the appropriate treatment plan.

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16. A smith's fracture is a reversed colles fracture

Explanation

A smith's fracture is indeed a reversed Colles fracture. A Colles fracture is a type of fracture that occurs in the distal radius bone of the forearm, where the bone breaks and is displaced backward. In contrast, a Smith's fracture is also a fracture of the distal radius bone, but it is displaced in the opposite direction, towards the palm. Therefore, a Smith's fracture can be considered a reversed or opposite version of a Colles fracture.

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17. Lateral elbow pain caused by cumulative trauma to origin of the wrist extensors (ECRB) that is aggravated by gripping and lifting is

Explanation

Lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, is a condition characterized by pain on the outer side of the elbow. It is caused by cumulative trauma to the origin of the wrist extensors, specifically the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle. This condition is aggravated by activities that involve gripping and lifting. The other options, such as medial epicondylitis, compartment syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, and olecranon process strain, do not match the given symptoms and causes of lateral elbow pain.

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18. Treatment considerations during the acute phase of lateral epicondylitis include resting pain and easy pain provocation

Explanation

During the acute phase of lateral epicondylitis, it is important to consider resting the affected area to reduce pain and avoiding activities that can easily provoke pain. This is because rest can help in reducing inflammation and promoting healing. Additionally, avoiding activities that aggravate the condition can prevent further damage and allow the injured tissues to recover. Therefore, the statement "Treatment considerations during the acute phase of lateral epicondylitis include resting pain and easy pain provocation" is true.

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19. Medial epicondylitis causes pain with resisted wrist flexion

Explanation

Medial epicondylitis, also known as golfer's elbow, is a condition that causes pain and inflammation on the inner side of the elbow. The medial epicondyle is a bony prominence on the inner side of the elbow where the muscles that flex the wrist attach. When these muscles are resisted or put under strain, such as during resisted wrist flexion, it can exacerbate the pain and discomfort associated with medial epicondylitis. Therefore, it is true that medial epicondylitis causes pain with resisted wrist flexion.

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20. Splinting for Duypuytren's contractures places the wrist, MCP and IP in the maximum "safe" extension and the splints are commonly dorsal based.

Explanation

The statement is true because splinting for Duypuytren's contractures involves placing the wrist, MCP (metacarpophalangeal) joints, and IP (interphalangeal) joints in maximum "safe" extension. This helps to prevent further contracture and promote gradual improvement in hand function. Additionally, the splints used for Duypuytren's contractures are commonly dorsal based, meaning they are applied to the back of the hand.

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21. The most commonly fractured carpal bone is the 

Explanation

The scaphoid bone is the most commonly fractured carpal bone. It is located on the thumb side of the wrist and is prone to fractures due to its location and shape. Fractures of the scaphoid bone often occur during falls or when the hand is extended to break a fall. Delayed diagnosis or improper treatment of scaphoid fractures can lead to complications such as nonunion or avascular necrosis, making it important to promptly identify and treat these fractures.

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22. Clinical examination includes

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above". Clinical examination includes observation, palpation, active range of motion (AROM), and muscle testing. Observation involves visually assessing the patient's appearance, posture, and movements. Palpation involves using touch to feel for abnormalities such as swelling, tenderness, or muscle tone. AROM refers to the patient's ability to move their joints actively. Muscle testing evaluates the strength and function of specific muscles. Therefore, all of these techniques are part of a comprehensive clinical examination.

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23. Ice is used to treat chronic trigger finger

Explanation

Acute is treated with ice. Chronic is treated with heat.

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24. Medial epycondylitis is also known as tennis elbow

Explanation

golfer's elbow

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25. Distal humeral fractures result from high energy injuries

Explanation

Distal humeral fractures are fractures that occur near the elbow joint. They are often caused by high energy injuries such as falls from a significant height or motor vehicle accidents. The force exerted during these types of accidents is usually strong enough to cause a fracture in the distal humerus. Therefore, it is true that distal humeral fractures result from high energy injuries.

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26. A volumeter is used to test for

Explanation

A volumeter is a device used to measure the volume of a body part, such as a limb. Edema refers to the accumulation of excess fluid in the tissues, leading to swelling. By using a volumeter, healthcare professionals can accurately measure the volume of edematous body parts, helping to monitor the progression or regression of edema. Therefore, a volumeter is used to test for edema.

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27. Dupuytren's contractures eventually result in a flexion posturing of the ulnar digits.

Explanation

Dupuytren's contractures is a condition that causes the fingers to bend towards the palm of the hand, resulting in a flexion posturing of the ulnar digits. This means that the fingers on the ulnar side of the hand (little finger and ring finger) become permanently flexed or bent. Therefore, the statement "Dupuytren's contractures eventually result in a flexion posturing of the ulnar digits" is true.

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28. Bicipital tendonitis can be caused by rotator cuff impingement, or the biceps tendon subluxating outside of the groove.

Explanation

Bicipital tendonitis can indeed be caused by rotator cuff impingement or the biceps tendon subluxating outside of the groove. This means that the statement is correct. Rotator cuff impingement refers to the compression or pinching of the tendons in the rotator cuff, which can lead to inflammation and irritation of the biceps tendon. On the other hand, subluxation occurs when the biceps tendon partially dislocates from its normal position in the groove, causing friction and inflammation. Both of these conditions can result in bicipital tendonitis.

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29. De-Quervain's tendonitis is diagnosed using this test

Explanation

Finkelstein's Test is used to diagnose De-Quervain's tendonitis. This test involves the patient making a fist with the thumb tucked inside the fingers, and then bending the wrist towards the little finger. If this causes pain on the thumb side of the wrist, it is a positive Finkelstein's Test and indicates De-Quervain's tendonitis. This test helps to identify inflammation of the tendons in the thumb and wrist, which is a common symptom of De-Quervain's tendonitis.

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30. A scaphoid fracture often results from the patient punching another individual.

Explanation

FOOSH! Fall on outstretched hand.

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31. Intrinsic muscles consist of 

Explanation

The correct answer is A&B only. Intrinsic muscles refer to the muscles that are located within a specific body part or organ. In this case, the interossei and lumbricals are examples of intrinsic muscles as they are found within the hand. Superficialis, on the other hand, is not an intrinsic muscle but rather a superficial muscle that is located closer to the surface of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is A&B only.

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32. Using the Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Test, a therapist may test up to ______ times in the same area, except for monofilaments of 4.08 or higher.

Explanation

Using the Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Test, a therapist may test up to 3 times in the same area, except for monofilaments of 4.08 or higher. This is because the test involves applying the monofilament to specific areas of the body to assess the patient's ability to perceive touch and pressure. Testing multiple times helps to ensure accurate results and allows the therapist to determine the patient's threshold for detecting stimuli. However, monofilaments of 4.08 or higher are typically used to test for deep pressure sensation, and testing more than once in the same area may not provide additional useful information.

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33. A carpal tunnel splint should be worn

Explanation

A carpal tunnel splint should be worn while sleeping because it helps to keep the wrist in a neutral position, reducing pressure on the median nerve and alleviating symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Wearing the splint during sleep ensures that the wrist is properly supported and immobilized throughout the night, allowing for better rest and healing.

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34. Preoperative treatment for Dupuytren's contractures are

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above" because preoperative treatment for Dupuytren's contractures can include ultrasound, splinting, and other physical agent modalities (PAMs) such as fluidotherapy. These treatments are often used to reduce pain, improve range of motion, and potentially slow down the progression of the condition before surgery.

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35. Guyon's Tunnel Syndrome is a neuropathy of the ______ nerve

Explanation

Guyon's Tunnel Syndrome is a neuropathy that affects the Ulnar nerve. This condition occurs when the Ulnar nerve, which runs from the neck down to the hand, becomes compressed or irritated at the wrist. Symptoms of Guyon's Tunnel Syndrome include pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand and fingers. It is important to note that this condition specifically affects the Ulnar nerve and not the Radial or Median nerves. Therefore, the correct answer is "Ulnar nerve."

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36. In the initial/acute stage of conservative shoulder management the focus is on 

Explanation

In the initial/acute stage of conservative shoulder management, the focus is on immediate pain and inflammation control, rest, and proper positioning. This means that all of the above options are correct. Pain and inflammation control is important to alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Rest is necessary to prevent further injury and allow the shoulder to recover. Proper positioning helps to support the shoulder and prevent additional strain or damage. Therefore, all of these factors are essential in the initial stage of conservative shoulder management.

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37. The following are standardized tools for functional assessment of the hand except:

Explanation

The Bay Area Functional Performance Test is not a standardized tool for functional assessment of the hand. The other three options, Jebsen's Test of Hand Function, Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test, and Purdue Pegboard Test, are commonly used and recognized assessments for evaluating hand function.

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38. The sensibility test that consists of using a monofilament applied to the patient's skin with increasing pressure until the patient feels the touch

Explanation

The Semmes-Weinstein test is a sensibility test that assesses the patient's ability to feel touch. It involves using a monofilament, which is a thin strand of nylon, and applying it to the patient's skin with increasing pressure. The test is performed by applying the monofilament to various areas of the body, such as the fingertips or the soles of the feet, and the patient is asked to indicate when they feel the touch. The Semmes-Weinstein test is commonly used in clinical settings to evaluate sensory function and can help identify areas of decreased or absent sensation.

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39. The first 2 weeks of elbow fracture the therapy interventions include

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above" because during the first 2 weeks of an elbow fracture, therapy interventions typically include pain and edema management, AROM and PROM as tolerated, patient education, and splinting for passive sustained stretch. These interventions aim to manage pain and swelling, improve range of motion, educate the patient about their condition and treatment, and provide support and protection to the injured elbow.

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40. The functional retraining stage of conservative shoulder management consists of 

Explanation

The functional retraining stage of conservative shoulder management includes AROM (active range of motion) exercises, particularly reaching movements. It also involves isometric to isotonic strengthening exercises, which help to improve muscle strength and stability in the shoulder. Additionally, upper body endurance training is a part of this stage, which focuses on improving the endurance and stamina of the muscles in the upper body, including the shoulder. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

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41. When performing a clinical examination, you should observe and inspect for the following (choose all that apply)

Explanation

During a clinical examination, it is important to observe and inspect for various signs and conditions. Atrophy refers to the wasting or shrinkage of tissues or muscles, which may indicate underlying health issues. Edema is the accumulation of fluid in tissues, often causing swelling, and it can be a sign of inflammation or other medical conditions. Redness can be a sign of inflammation, infection, or irritation. Skin integrity refers to the condition of the skin, looking for any abnormalities, lesions, or wounds. Physical defects or anomalies are important to note as they may indicate congenital conditions or acquired injuries.

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42. Initial contact for flexor tendon injuries is 1 week post-op

Explanation

Immediately

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43. When following the early controlled motion protocol for flexor tendon injuries, what type of splint would be used 1-2 days post-op?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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44. Trigger finger is caused by a nodule at the A2 pulley that causes the the pulley to "catch"  during MCP and IP flexion due to inflammation.

Explanation

A1 Pulley

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45. Precautions for surgical repair of rotator cuff include (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The precautions for surgical repair of rotator cuff include: no lifting of more than 5 pounds for 6 weeks, avoiding excessive reaching and internal rotation for 6 weeks, using an arm sling for 4 weeks post-op, and maintaining good upright shoulder girdle posture at all times, especially during sling use. These precautions are necessary to protect the healing rotator cuff repair and prevent re-injury or complications. Lifting heavy weights or engaging in excessive reaching and internal rotation can put strain on the repaired tissues, while the arm sling helps to immobilize and support the shoulder during the initial healing phase. Maintaining good posture helps to minimize stress on the shoulder and promote proper healing.

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46. Symptoms of Guyon's tunnel syndrome include all of the following except:

Explanation

The symptoms of Guyon's tunnel syndrome include pins and needles in the 4th and 5th digit, burning pain in the wrist and hand, decreased sensation, and intrinsic weakness. However, pins and needles in the 2nd and 3rd digit are not typically associated with Guyon's tunnel syndrome.

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47. Dupuytren's Contractures initially presents with palpable

Explanation

Dupuytren's Contractures initially presents with palpable palmar nodules at the ulnar side. This condition is characterized by the thickening and tightening of the connective tissue in the palm, causing the fingers to bend inward towards the palm. The nodules typically form on the ulnar side of the palm, which is the side closer to the little finger. Over time, the contracture may progress, leading to the formation of cords and contractures that can limit finger movement.

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48. Post operative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome includes

Explanation

The post-operative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome includes scar management, edema management, hand conditioning, and return to work discharge plans. Scar management is important to minimize the appearance and discomfort of scars after surgery. Edema management helps reduce swelling and promote healing. Hand conditioning exercises improve strength and flexibility in the hand and wrist. Return to work discharge plans involve assessing the patient's ability to resume work activities and providing recommendations or accommodations if needed.

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49. AROM exercises for duypuytren's contractures begins at 4-5 days post-op

Explanation

1-2 days

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50. Colles fracture is a proximal radius fracture that results from fall on outstretched hand

Explanation

Distal!

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51. Evaluation of elbow fractures includes (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The evaluation of elbow fractures includes various components. History and chart review are important to gather information about the patient's symptoms and medical history. Mechanism of injury helps in understanding how the fracture occurred and the potential severity. Surgical report and x-ray films are essential for assessing the fracture type and determining the appropriate treatment plan. AROM (active range of motion), PROM (passive range of motion), and strength assessments are performed to evaluate the functional status of the elbow joint. Lastly, examining wounds and scars can provide additional information about any associated injuries or complications.

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52. Ulnar nerve compression is aggravated by elbow extension

Explanation

Elbow flexion of 90 degrees and above

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53. To avoid adhesions in carpal tunnel, a patient should be instructed to perform

Explanation

To avoid adhesions in carpal tunnel, a patient should be instructed to perform nerve gliding exercises and tendon gliding exercises. Nerve gliding exercises involve moving the nerves within their sheaths to prevent them from becoming trapped or compressed. Tendon gliding exercises involve moving the tendons within their sheaths to maintain their flexibility and prevent adhesions from forming. PROM exercises, which stands for passive range of motion exercises, involve moving the affected joint with the assistance of another person or device. However, PROM exercises alone may not be sufficient to prevent adhesions in the carpal tunnel. Therefore, the correct answer is A&B only.

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54. When following the immobilization protocol for flexor tendon injuries, which splint would be appropriate

Explanation

The dorsal hood splint would be appropriate when following the immobilization protocol for flexor tendon injuries. This splint is designed to support the fingers while allowing the thumb to move freely. It helps to maintain the proper alignment of the fingers and prevents excessive movement that could disrupt the healing process. By immobilizing the fingers in a neutral position, the dorsal hood splint helps to protect the injured flexor tendons and promote healing.

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55. Evaluation for carpal tunnel syndrome may include (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The evaluation for carpal tunnel syndrome may include Tinel's Sign and Phalen's Test. Tinel's Sign is a test where the healthcare provider taps on the median nerve at the wrist to check for any tingling or electric shock-like sensations, which can indicate carpal tunnel syndrome. Phalen's Test involves flexing the wrist for a minute to see if any numbness or tingling occurs, which is also a common symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. The other tests listed, Finkelstein's Test, Mill's Test, and Drop Arm Test, are not typically used to evaluate carpal tunnel syndrome.

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56. Therapeutic management for ulnar nerve compression/cubital tunnel syndrome consists of all of the following except

Explanation

The therapeutic management for ulnar nerve compression/cubital tunnel syndrome includes patient education on proper positioning, splinting with an elbow extension splint of 30-60 degrees of extension, avoiding pressure on the cubital tunnel, and nerve mobilization techniques. However, splinting with the elbow at 90 degrees is not recommended as it can further compress the ulnar nerve. This position can increase the pressure on the nerve and exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, splinting with the elbow at 90 degrees is not included in the therapeutic management for ulnar nerve compression/cubital tunnel syndrome.

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57. The cozen's test for lateral epicondylitis produces pain upon wrist extension

Explanation

Wrist DORSIFLEXION

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58. The following are methods used to control edema (choose all that apply)

Explanation

volumeter is assessment, not a treatment.

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59. Pain management for carpal tunnel syndrome includes icing, fluidotherapy, and rest

Explanation

Heat packs, not ice!

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60. Treatment for medial epicondylitis includes

Explanation

The correct answer includes patient education, pain management, and exercise- neuromuscular conditioning. Patient education is important to inform the patient about the condition and how to manage it effectively. Pain management techniques such as medication or physical therapy can help alleviate discomfort. Exercise- neuromuscular conditioning can strengthen the muscles and improve flexibility, reducing the risk of further injury.

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61. Tests to diagnose rotator cuff tears include

Explanation

The correct answer includes a list of tests that are used to diagnose rotator cuff tears. These tests include the empty can test, drop arm test, infraspinatus/teres minor test, and subscapularis lift off test. These tests are designed to assess the strength and function of specific muscles and tendons in the shoulder, which can help determine if there is a tear in the rotator cuff. Finkelstein's test, although mentioned in the question, is not included in the correct answer.

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62. Treatment for guyon's tunnel syndrome includes the following:

Explanation

The correct answer includes a combination of different treatments for guyon's tunnel syndrome. Avoiding repetitive hand motions, heavy grasping, and working with the wrist flexed helps to reduce further irritation and compression of the ulnar nerve. Splinting can provide support and immobilization to the wrist, relieving pressure on the nerve. Work ergonomics involves making adjustments to the workspace to ensure proper posture and minimize strain on the wrist. Fine motor skills training helps to improve hand coordination and dexterity. Repetitive hand motion exercises can help to strengthen the muscles and improve flexibility.

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63. Immobilization is the treatment of choice for

Explanation

Immobilization is the treatment of choice for children younger than 10 years because they may not fully understand instructions or be able to cooperate during medical procedures. It is also the treatment of choice for individuals with cognitive deficits who may have difficulty understanding or following instructions. Additionally, immobilization may be necessary for individuals who are unable or unwilling to follow instructions, regardless of their age or cognitive abilities. Therefore, the correct answer includes all three options: children younger than 10 years, individuals with cognitive deficits, and individuals who are unable or unwilling to follow instructions.

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64. Possible causes of rotator cuff tears include (choose all that apply)

Explanation

Rotator cuff tears can be caused by trauma, such as a fall or a direct blow to the shoulder. Overuse of the shoulder joint, especially in activities that involve repetitive overhead motion, can also lead to rotator cuff tears. Aging is another common cause, as the tendons in the rotator cuff weaken and degenerate over time. Lack of exercise, however, is not a known cause of rotator cuff tears.

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65. Fractures of the olecranon process (choose all that apply)

Explanation

Fractures of the olecranon process can result from a fall on the posterior aspect of the elbow. This type of fracture is often palpable, meaning it can be felt through the skin. Additionally, this type of fracture can result in a loss of elbow extension, as the olecranon process is an important part of the elbow joint. However, it is not correct to say that this type of fracture is also called a Smith's fracture.

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66. Weeks 2-8 for elbow fracture include the following therapy interventions (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The correct answer includes continuing edema control and scar management, initiating strengthening exercises, engaging in functional activities, and focusing on maximizing active and passive range of motion (AROM and PROM). These interventions are commonly used during the weeks 2-8 of elbow fracture therapy to promote healing, reduce swelling and scarring, improve strength and function, and increase the range of motion in the affected joint. Discontinuing splinting may not be appropriate during this stage of recovery as it could compromise the stability and protection of the injured elbow.

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67. Splinting choices for lateral epicondylitis include (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The correct answer includes wrist extension support (cock up splint) and counterforce brace. These splinting choices are commonly used for lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow. A wrist extension support (cock up splint) helps to immobilize the wrist and reduce strain on the tendons of the forearm muscles. A counterforce brace applies pressure to the muscles of the forearm, which can help alleviate pain and reduce stress on the injured area. The other options, dynamic splint and long thumb spica, are not typically used for lateral epicondylitis and therefore are not correct choices.

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68. In the intermediate stage of conservative shoulder management the focus is on (choose all that apply)

Explanation

In the intermediate stage of conservative shoulder management, the focus is on a combination of different techniques to promote healing and improve shoulder function. Active Range of Motion (AROM) exercises are important to maintain and gradually increase the range of motion in the shoulder joint while avoiding pain. Joint mobilization techniques help to restore normal joint mechanics and improve mobility. Passive Range of Motion (PROM) exercises are performed within the limits of pain tolerance to further improve the range of motion. Isometric strengthening exercises help to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder joint without causing excessive stress on the injured tissues. Scapular stabilization exercises are important to improve the stability and control of the scapula, which is crucial for proper shoulder function.

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69. With flexor tendon injuries, complete immobilization of repair is

Explanation

In the case of flexor tendon injuries, complete immobilization of repair is typically required for a period of 3-4 weeks. This allows for proper healing and minimizes the risk of complications such as tendon adhesions or ruptures. During this time, the injured tendon needs to be protected from any excessive movement or stress to ensure successful recovery. After the immobilization period, controlled movement and rehabilitation exercises may be gradually introduced to restore full function and strength to the affected area.

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70. Treatments fro trigger finger include (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The correct answer is cross friction massage, splinting, and hook fist/tendon gliding exercises. These treatments are commonly used for trigger finger. Cross friction massage involves applying pressure to the affected area to break up scar tissue and promote healing. Splinting is used to immobilize the finger and reduce inflammation. Hook fist/tendon gliding exercises help to improve finger mobility and reduce stiffness. Coban wrap is not a recommended treatment for trigger finger.

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71. Hand conditioning treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome includes (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The correct answer includes avoiding gripping exercises, avoiding external pressure, performing functional intrinsic acts, and performing functional in hand manipulation acts. These recommendations for hand conditioning treatment are based on the understanding that excessive gripping and external pressure can exacerbate symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. Instead, focusing on functional intrinsic acts and functional in hand manipulation acts can help to strengthen the hand and improve overall hand function without putting additional strain on the affected area.

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72. When evaluating flexor tenon injuries (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The correct answer options for evaluating flexor tenon injuries include removing the cast and cleaning the area, checking the integrity of stitches, looking for edema, and assessing passive flexion and active extension. These steps are important in assessing the condition of the injury, ensuring proper healing, and monitoring any potential complications such as infection or swelling.

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73. Therapist management of De-Quervain's tendonitis includes

Explanation

The correct answer includes various methods for managing De-Quervain's tendonitis. Pain control is important to alleviate discomfort, while edema control helps reduce swelling. Splinting is used to immobilize the affected area and provide support. Cross friction massage can help improve blood flow and promote healing. These techniques combined can effectively manage the symptoms and aid in the recovery of De-Quervain's tendonitis.

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74. Choose the correct treatments for scaphoid fracture (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The correct treatments for scaphoid fracture are as follows: for distal fractures, the patient should wear a short thumb spica for 8-10 weeks; for waist fractures, a long arm spica should be worn for 6 weeks, followed by a short arm spica for another 6 weeks; for proximal fractures, a long arm spica should be worn for 6 weeks, and then a short arm spica for 6 weeks to 6 months.

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75. Conservative treatment techniques for the acute phase of lateral epicondylitis includes

Explanation

Conservative treatment techniques for the acute phase of lateral epicondylitis include various methods such as superficial heat and cold, ultrasound, electrotherapy, and transdermal drug therapy. These techniques aim to reduce pain and inflammation, promote healing, and improve function in the affected area. Superficial heat and cold can help to alleviate pain and reduce swelling. Ultrasound therapy can improve blood flow and promote tissue healing. Electrotherapy techniques such as TENS can provide pain relief. Transdermal drug therapy involves the application of medication through the skin to reduce inflammation and pain.

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76. Therapy goals fro distal radius fractures are (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The therapy goals for distal radius fractures include decreasing or eliminating pain, decreasing edema, maximizing wrist and forearm range of motion (ROM), and achieving full range of motion of the shoulder, elbow, and hand. These goals are important in the rehabilitation process to restore function and mobility to the affected area. By addressing pain and edema, the patient's comfort can be improved, while maximizing ROM helps regain normal movement and strength in the wrist, forearm, and surrounding joints. Achieving full ROM of the shoulder, elbow, and hand ensures that the entire upper extremity is functioning properly and able to perform daily activities.

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77. Colles fracture is caused by 

Explanation

Colles fracture is caused by increased volar tension and dorsal compression. This means that there is increased force on the volar (palmar) side of the wrist and compression on the dorsal (back) side of the wrist. This can occur when a person falls onto an outstretched hand, causing the wrist to be forced back and compressed. The fracture typically results in the distal radius bone breaking and displacing towards the dorsal side.

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78. Elbow fractures have a higher complication rate and poorer outcome. Common complication include (choose all that apply)

Explanation

Elbow fractures often result in poor joint congruity, which refers to the alignment and fit of the joint surfaces. When the joint surfaces are not properly aligned, it can lead to instability and decreased range of motion. Ulnar neuropathy is also a common complication of elbow fractures, which involves damage or compression of the ulnar nerve. This can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers. Stiffness is another common complication, as the healing process can result in scar tissue formation and limited joint movement. Finally, arthritis can develop in the elbow joint after a fracture, leading to pain, swelling, and joint degeneration.

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79. Tests to diagnose lateral epicondylitis include

Explanation

The correct answer includes Cozen's test, middle finger resistive test, and Mills test. These tests are used to diagnose lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow. Cozen's test involves the patient making a fist and extending the wrist against resistance, which can elicit pain if the condition is present. The middle finger resistive test assesses pain and weakness when the middle finger is resisted in extension. Mills test involves passively pronating the forearm, flexing the wrist, and extending the elbow, which can reproduce pain in cases of lateral epicondylitis.

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80. Indication for treatment of Dupuytren's contracture are (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The indication for treatment of Dupuytren's contracture includes painful nodules, skin involvement, and joint flexion contracture. Painful nodules are a common symptom of Dupuytren's contracture and may require treatment to alleviate discomfort. Skin involvement refers to the thickening and tightening of the skin in the affected area, which can also be a sign that treatment is necessary. Joint flexion contracture refers to the inability to fully straighten the affected finger or fingers, which can significantly impact hand function and may require intervention.

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81. Tests to identify bicipital tendonitis include

Explanation

The correct answer includes Speed's test and Yergason's test. These tests are used to identify bicipital tendonitis. Speed's test involves the patient extending their arm forward with the palm facing up, while the examiner applies resistance as the patient tries to flex the arm. Yergason's test involves the patient flexing their elbow at 90 degrees and rotating their forearm against resistance. Both tests help assess the integrity and function of the biceps tendon and can aid in diagnosing bicipital tendonitis.

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82. The preoperative treatment focus for dupuytren's contractures includes (choose all that apply)

Explanation

The preoperative treatment focus for Dupuytren's contractures includes pain management, maximizing range of motion (ROM), and maximizing function. Pain management is important to ensure the patient's comfort and improve their overall well-being. Maximizing ROM aims to prevent further contracture and maintain or improve hand function. Maximizing function involves optimizing the patient's ability to perform daily activities and tasks. These treatment goals are essential in preparing the patient for surgery and maximizing their postoperative outcomes.

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83. Treatment considerations for a boxer's fracture include

Explanation

The treatment considerations for a boxer's fracture include edema control and scar management, AROM & PROM (active range of motion and passive range of motion exercises), splinting and buddy taping, and initiating vigorous exercise at 6 weeks. These interventions aim to reduce swelling and promote healing, restore joint mobility and function, provide support and stability to the fractured area, and gradually increase the strength and flexibility of the hand and wrist. This comprehensive approach helps in the recovery and rehabilitation process of a boxer's fracture.

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84. Assessment guidelines for ulnar nerve compression/cubital tunnel syndrome are

Explanation

The assessment guidelines for ulnar nerve compression/cubital tunnel syndrome include Tinel's sign, which is a tingling sensation or "pins and needles" felt when tapping over the ulnar nerve. In addition, paresthesias and numbness on the ulnar side of the hand are indicative of this condition. Thumb adduction refers to the ability to bring the thumb towards the palm, and MP flexion of ulnar digits refers to the ability to flex the middle and ring fingers. Lastly, wrist extension is also assessed as it can exacerbate symptoms in cubital tunnel syndrome.

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You should not elevate the shoulder past 90 degrees after surgical...
The scaphoid bone heals easily and quickly
When splinting for carpal tunnel syndrom, the wrist should be at 90...
Tendon gliding exercises for carpal tunnel include the following...
Reduction with cast immobilization is an appropriate non-surgical...
Ulnar nerve compression, also known as cubital tunnel syndrome, causes...
De-Quervain's Tendonitis involves the abductor pollicis longus (APL)...
Radial head fractures result from a fall on outstretched extremity
The mill's test combines elbow extension with wrist flexion
The empty can test pinpoints a supraspinatus tear
Rotator cuff impingement occurs when the supraspinatus is impinged...
The Neer's test is appropriate to identify rotator cuff impingement
The device used to measure grip strength is a
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a neuropathy of the radial nerve
Assessment for dupuytren's contractures includes ROM, Pain, Edema,...
A smith's fracture is a reversed colles fracture
Lateral elbow pain caused by cumulative trauma to origin of the wrist...
Treatment considerations during the acute phase of lateral...
Medial epicondylitis causes pain with resisted wrist flexion
Splinting for Duypuytren's contractures places the wrist, MCP and IP...
The most commonly fractured carpal bone is the 
Clinical examination includes
Ice is used to treat chronic trigger finger
Medial epycondylitis is also known as tennis elbow
Distal humeral fractures result from high energy injuries
A volumeter is used to test for
Dupuytren's contractures eventually result in a flexion posturing of...
Bicipital tendonitis can be caused by rotator cuff impingement, or the...
De-Quervain's tendonitis is diagnosed using this test
A scaphoid fracture often results from the patient punching another...
Intrinsic muscles consist of 
Using the Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Test, a therapist may test up...
A carpal tunnel splint should be worn
Preoperative treatment for Dupuytren's contractures are
Guyon's Tunnel Syndrome is a neuropathy of the ______ nerve
In the initial/acute stage of conservative shoulder management the...
The following are standardized tools for functional assessment of the...
The sensibility test that consists of using a monofilament applied to...
The first 2 weeks of elbow fracture the therapy interventions include
The functional retraining stage of conservative shoulder management...
When performing a clinical examination, you should observe and inspect...
Initial contact for flexor tendon injuries is 1 week post-op
When following the early controlled motion protocol for flexor tendon...
Trigger finger is caused by a nodule at the A2 pulley that causes the...
Precautions for surgical repair of rotator cuff include (choose all...
Symptoms of Guyon's tunnel syndrome include all of the following...
Dupuytren's Contractures initially presents with palpable
Post operative treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome includes
AROM exercises for duypuytren's contractures begins at 4-5 days...
Colles fracture is a proximal radius fracture that results from fall...
Evaluation of elbow fractures includes (choose all that apply)
Ulnar nerve compression is aggravated by elbow extension
To avoid adhesions in carpal tunnel, a patient should be instructed to...
When following the immobilization protocol for flexor tendon injuries,...
Evaluation for carpal tunnel syndrome may include (choose all that...
Therapeutic management for ulnar nerve compression/cubital tunnel...
The cozen's test for lateral epicondylitis produces pain upon wrist...
The following are methods used to control edema (choose all that...
Pain management for carpal tunnel syndrome includes icing,...
Treatment for medial epicondylitis includes
Tests to diagnose rotator cuff tears include
Treatment for guyon's tunnel syndrome includes the following:
Immobilization is the treatment of choice for
Possible causes of rotator cuff tears include (choose all that apply)
Fractures of the olecranon process (choose all that apply)
Weeks 2-8 for elbow fracture include the following therapy...
Splinting choices for lateral epicondylitis include (choose all that...
In the intermediate stage of conservative shoulder management the...
With flexor tendon injuries, complete immobilization of repair is
Treatments fro trigger finger include (choose all that apply)
Hand conditioning treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome includes...
When evaluating flexor tenon injuries (choose all that apply)
Therapist management of De-Quervain's tendonitis includes
Choose the correct treatments for scaphoid fracture (choose all that...
Conservative treatment techniques for the acute phase of lateral...
Therapy goals fro distal radius fractures are (choose all that apply)
Colles fracture is caused by 
Elbow fractures have a higher complication rate and poorer outcome....
Tests to diagnose lateral epicondylitis include
Indication for treatment of Dupuytren's contracture are (choose all...
Tests to identify bicipital tendonitis include
The preoperative treatment focus for dupuytren's contractures includes...
Treatment considerations for a boxer's fracture include
Assessment guidelines for ulnar nerve compression/cubital tunnel...
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