Quiz 4- Wrist And Hand

The tip-to-tip grasp involves using the tips of the fingers to hold an object, allowing for precise manipulation and control. This type of grip is commonly used when performing tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing or picking up small objects. It is considered a precision grip because it provides a high level of dexterity and control over the object being held.

The scaphoid bone is the most frequently fractured carpal bone in wrist injuries. This is due to its location and shape, as it is located at the base of the thumb and is shaped like a boat. Its position makes it vulnerable to injury during falls or accidents where the wrist is forcefully bent backwards. Fractures of the scaphoid bone can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility in the wrist, and they often require prompt medical attention to ensure proper healing.

The prime movers for wrist extension are the muscles ECRL (Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus), ECRB (Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis), and ECU (Extensor Carpi Ulnaris). These muscles work together to extend the wrist joint, allowing for movements such as lifting the hand upwards or bending the wrist backwards. The other options listed do not include all three of these muscles, making them incorrect choices.

The pad-to-pad grasp involves using the pads of the fingers to hold an object. This grip is commonly used for delicate tasks that require fine motor control, such as picking up small objects or manipulating tools. It is considered a precision grip because it allows for precise and controlled movements.

When measuring joint ROM of wrist radial deviation or ulnar deviation using a goniometer, the carpal bone that is used as the landmark for the axis of the goniometer is the Capitate. The Capitate is one of the carpal bones located in the wrist, and it serves as a reference point for measuring the range of motion in radial and ulnar deviation.

The correct answer states that the bilateral function and hand grasp used in the picture are bilateral symmetrical patterns, with both hands using a pad-to-pad grip. This means that both hands are performing the same movement pattern simultaneously, and the grip used involves pressing the pads of the fingers together. This grip allows for a strong and stable hold on an object, making it suitable for tasks that require precision and control.

The correct answer includes the muscles Abductor pollicus brevis, Flexor Pollicus Brevis, Adductor Pollicus, and Opponens Pollicus. These muscles are all intrinsic muscles of the thumb, meaning they are located within the thumb itself and are responsible for its movements. The Abductor pollicus brevis muscle is responsible for moving the thumb away from the palm, the Flexor Pollicus Brevis muscle helps in flexing the thumb, the Adductor Pollicus muscle brings the thumb towards the palm, and the Opponens Pollicus muscle allows the thumb to oppose or touch the other fingers.

The patient's presentation of weakness in grip and an inability to oppose the little finger to the thumb, along with the claw-like hand position, suggests damage to the ulnar nerve. The ulnar nerve innervates the muscles responsible for these movements and its dysfunction can result in these specific symptoms.

The normal end feel for radial deviation is firm and hard because the action is stopped by the ligaments and bony contact of the radius and scaphoid. This means that there is a solid and unyielding sensation when performing radial deviation due to the resistance provided by the ligaments and the contact between these two bones.

The prime movers for wrist radial deviation are the Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR), Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL), and Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB). These muscles work together to move the wrist in a radial deviation, which means moving the hand towards the thumb side of the forearm. The ECU (Extensor Carpi Ulnaris) and FCU (Flexor Carpi Ulnaris) are not prime movers for radial deviation, but they are involved in other movements of the wrist.

The major difference in movement control at the elbow and shoulder between using a power grip and precision handling is that when using a power grip, the movement occurs at the elbow and shoulder to move and transport the object in space. On the other hand, when using precision handling, the movement occurs at the finger joints, while the elbow and shoulder remain in a stable position when the object is moved.

The arm should be positioned with the shoulder adducted and next to the body, with the elbow at 90 degrees. This position allows for optimal leverage and stability during the test. The patient should be asked to squeeze the dynamometer three times, and the average score should be recorded. Taking multiple measurements helps to account for any variations in strength that may occur during the test, and taking the average score provides a more accurate representation of the patient's hand strength.

The limited range of motion (ROM) at the 2nd and 3rd CMC joints provides stability for grasp functions of the muscles of the hand. This means that these joints are less mobile and have less movement compared to the 4th and 5th CMC joints. The limited ROM allows for a more stable grip and helps in activities that require precision and fine motor control.

The interossei muscles are responsible for making precise adjustments to the position of the fingers when handling small objects. These muscles help in controlling the movement and position of the fingers, allowing for delicate and precise actions required for tasks such as writing, typing, or manipulating small objects. They play a crucial role in fine motor skills and dexterity.

The interossei muscles play a major role in allowing for precise adjustments of finger position when handling small objects. These muscles are located between the metacarpal bones of the hand and are responsible for controlling the movement and position of the fingers. They enable fine motor control and dexterity, allowing for precise manipulation of objects with the fingers.

De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons in the thumb. The tendons affected in this condition are the Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB), Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL), and Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL). These muscles are responsible for the movement and stability of the thumb. In De Quervain's tenosynovitis, these tendons become irritated and swollen, leading to pain and difficulty in thumb movement. Therefore, the correct answer is EPL, EPB, Abductor Pollicis Longus.

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The arches of the hand are not comprised of longitudinal arches, horizontal arches, and vertical arches.

The annular pulleys are responsible for preventing bow-stringing of the tendons of FDS and FDP. Bow-stringing refers to the situation where the tendons are pulled away from the bones, causing them to lose their normal alignment and reducing their efficiency. The annular pulleys act as pulley systems that hold the tendons close to the bones, ensuring smooth movement and preventing bow-stringing. This helps to maintain the proper functioning and stability of the fingers and hand.

The primary movers to release a grasp are the EDC (extensor digitorum communis) muscle, the extensor mechanism, and the EPL (extensor pollicis longus) and EPB (extensor pollicis brevis) muscles. These muscles work together to extend the fingers and thumb, allowing for the release of a grasp.

In-hand manipulation of palm to finger translation refers to the ability to move a small object from the palm of the hand to the pads or tips of the fingers and thumb. This action allows for precise control and manipulation of objects using only one hand.

The volar plate prevents bow-stringing of the tendons of FDS & FDP. Bow-stringing refers to the tendons of FDS and FDP being pulled away from the joint axis, causing them to lose their optimal position for efficient finger flexion. The volar plate acts as a pulley system, keeping the tendons close to the joint axis and preventing bow-stringing. Therefore, this statement is incorrect as it contradicts the function of the volar plate.

The lateral pinch grip is the most precise form of prehension or hand grasp that can be accompanied by someone without intact hand musculature but with active wrist extension. This grip involves using the thumb and the side of the index finger to hold and manipulate objects. It allows for better control and precision compared to other grips like the pad-to-pad grip, cylindrical grip, or spherical grip. This grip is particularly useful for individuals with limited hand function due to conditions like spinal cord injury above C-7.

The closed packed position of the wrist refers to the position in which the joint surfaces are maximally congruent and stable. Full wrist extension and full radial deviation is the correct answer because this position allows for the greatest contact between the joint surfaces of the wrist, providing stability and reducing the risk of injury. Full wrist flexion and full wrist extension, as well as full ulnar deviation, do not provide the same level of congruency and stability as full wrist extension and full radial deviation.

Full wrist flexion or full wrist extension is the least effective wrist position for grasp. In full wrist flexion, the wrist is bent downward, reducing the ability to effectively grip objects. Similarly, in full wrist extension, the wrist is bent upward, which also limits the strength and control of the grip. These extreme positions limit the range of motion and compromise the stability and strength required for a strong grasp.

The pad-to-pad grasp involves using the pads of the fingers to hold an object. This grip allows for precise control and manipulation of small objects, making it a precision grip.