Rocks And Minerals MCQ Quiz For Class 5

The correct answer is igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic. These are the three basic types of rocks found on Earth. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material, sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation and compaction of sediments, and metamorphic rocks are formed from the alteration of pre-existing rocks through heat and pressure. The other options, volcanic, plutonic, extrusive, and gneiss, basalt, obsidian, are not the correct types of rocks and do not fit the classification of the three basic rock types.

Igneous rocks are formed from cooled molten magma. When magma, which is molten rock, cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rocks. This process usually occurs deep within the Earth's crust or in volcanic eruptions. As the magma cools, it crystallizes and solidifies, forming various types of igneous rocks such as granite, basalt, and obsidian. The composition and texture of the igneous rock depend on factors such as the cooling rate, mineral content, and the presence of gases within the magma.

Metamorphic rocks are formed through the process of heat and pressure. This occurs when pre-existing rocks are subjected to high temperatures and intense pressure deep within the Earth's crust. The combination of these forces causes the minerals within the rocks to recrystallize and rearrange, resulting in the formation of new rocks with different textures and structures. Sedimentation of particles, weathering and erosion, and water pressure are not the primary factors responsible for the formation of metamorphic rocks.

Transport of sediments usually occurs by rivers carrying them. Rivers are a major force in the movement of sediments as they have the ability to erode, transport, and deposit sediment particles. The force of the flowing water in rivers can pick up and carry sediments, such as sand, silt, and clay, downstream. As the water velocity decreases, it can no longer transport the sediments, leading to their deposition. This process of erosion, transportation, and deposition by rivers plays a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface and creating landforms.

Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks. This is because sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediment that accumulate over time, which can preserve the remains of plants and animals. Metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks, and igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten material, both of which do not typically preserve fossils. Lava rocks, which are a type of igneous rock, also do not usually contain fossils as the high temperatures involved in their formation would destroy any organic material.

Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of a rock or mineral. These properties include color, hardness, luster, cleavage, fracture, density, and magnetism. By examining these physical properties, geologists can identify and classify different types of rocks and minerals. For example, the color and hardness of a mineral can help determine its identity, while the density and permeability of a rock can provide clues about its formation and composition. Therefore, physical properties play a crucial role in the identification and classification of rocks and minerals.

The correct sequence for the formation of sedimentary rocks starts with weathering, which is the breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces. This is followed by erosion, which is the transportation of these smaller pieces to a new location. The next step is deposition, where the sediments settle and accumulate in a new location. Compaction then occurs, as the weight of the overlying sediments compresses the layers beneath. Finally, cementation takes place, where minerals bind the sediments together to form solid rock.

Clouds are not agents of weathering because they are composed of water vapor and do not have any physical or chemical processes that can break down or erode rocks and minerals. Weathering refers to the physical or chemical processes that break down rocks into smaller fragments or alter their composition. Frost, rain, and wind are all examples of agents of weathering because they can cause physical or chemical changes to rocks and minerals over time.

Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies beneath the Earth's surface. This process allows for slower cooling, which results in larger crystal formation. As the magma cools, it solidifies and forms rocks such as granite and gabbro. These rocks are typically coarse-grained and have a crystalline texture. In contrast, extrusive igneous rocks form when magma erupts onto the Earth's surface and cools quickly, resulting in smaller crystal formation and a fine-grained texture.

The rock cycle is a continuous process that involves the formation, transformation, and destruction of rocks on Earth's surface. It includes three main types of rocks: igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. The given events describe different stages of the rock cycle. Magma or lava cooling and forming igneous rocks represents the formation of rocks through the solidification of molten material. Extreme heat and pressure producing metamorphic rocks refers to the transformation of existing rocks due to high temperatures and pressure. Water bringing in sediments from other places represents the process of erosion and transportation of sediments to form sedimentary rocks. However, the statement "Sediments are created deep beneath Earth's surface" does not accurately represent any stage of the rock cycle, as sediments are typically formed through weathering and erosion on the Earth's surface.