AC Ep 6th Grade Science Exam Review Rocks And Minerals 2009

Sedimentary rock can undergo a transformation into metamorphic rock through the process of heat and pressure. When sedimentary rock is subjected to intense pressure, the minerals within the rock recrystallize and rearrange, forming new minerals and textures characteristic of metamorphic rock. This process occurs deep within the Earth's crust, where high temperatures and immense pressure conditions exist. The pressure compresses the rock, causing its structure to change and giving rise to the formation of metamorphic rock.

Calcite is a sedimentary rock that is commonly used in cements, mortars, and the production of lime. Marble is also a type of sedimentary rock that is widely used for construction and decorative purposes. Pumice is a volcanic rock that is not typically used in the production of cements or lime. Sandstone is another type of sedimentary rock, but it is not commonly used in the same applications as calcite and marble. Therefore, the correct answer is calcite and marble.

Crystals are referred to as "growing" because they exhibit a process called crystallization, where they form and increase in size over time. This process is similar to the growth observed in living organisms, such as plants and animals. However, crystals do not possess any biological functions or characteristics of living organisms, making them non-living entities. Therefore, the term "growing" is used metaphorically to describe the formation and enlargement of crystals, despite their lack of life.

When identifying minerals, the streak made by a mineral refers to the color of the powdered form of the mineral. This color can often be different from the color of the mineral itself. The streak is determined by rubbing the mineral against a porcelain plate or a streak plate to create a powdered residue. This residue's color helps in identifying the mineral since it can sometimes be more consistent and reliable than the color of the mineral's surface.

The Moh's scale is a scale that measures the hardness of minerals, with 10 being the highest level of hardness. This means that minerals with a hardness of 10 are the hardest minerals on the Moh's scale.

Talc has a hardness of 1 on the Moh's scale, which means it is the softest mineral on the scale. This indicates that it can be easily scratched by other minerals.

Mining is the correct answer because it refers to the process of extracting minerals from the ground. It involves the removal of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth's surface or underground. This process typically involves digging, drilling, and blasting to access and extract the desired minerals. Therefore, mining is synonymous with extracting minerals from the ground.

Slate is a metamorphic rock that is commonly used for chalkboards. It has a fine-grained texture and is easily split into thin, flat sheets, making it an ideal material for writing surfaces. Gypsum is a sedimentary rock, not commonly used for chalkboards. Granite is an igneous rock, and calcite is a mineral, not a rock. Therefore, the correct answer is slate.

Gravel has a bigger particle size compared to silt. Gravel consists of larger rock fragments, ranging from 2 to 64 millimeters in diameter, while silt particles are much smaller, ranging from 0.002 to 0.06 millimeters. Therefore, gravel particles are significantly larger than silt particles.

The correct answer is "lava." In the video, we can see a flowing substance that is glowing red and appears to be liquid. This is consistent with the characteristics of lava, which is molten rock that is expelled from a volcano during an eruption. Lava is typically hot and can flow down the sides of a volcano or spread out in a volcanic crater.

Obsidian is formed when lava cools quickly on the earth's surface. Due to its rapid cooling, the minerals in the lava do not have enough time to crystallize, resulting in a glassy texture. Obsidian is known for its smooth and sharp edges, making it a popular material for tools and weapons. As it is formed from lava, which is molten rock, obsidian is classified as an igneous rock.

Minerals are made of elements. Elements are the basic building blocks of matter, and minerals are formed when these elements combine in specific ways. Rocks, crystals, and minerals are all related to each other, but minerals specifically refer to naturally occurring inorganic substances with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure. Therefore, elements are the correct answer as they are the fundamental components of minerals.

Granite is a type of igneous rock because it is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten magma deep within the Earth's crust. This process allows for the crystallization of minerals, resulting in the characteristic texture and composition of granite. Igneous rocks like granite are typically formed through volcanic activity or the slow cooling of magma underground. Metamorphic rocks are formed through the alteration of existing rocks under high pressure and temperature, while sedimentary rocks are formed through the accumulation and lithification of sediments. Calcerific is not a recognized term in geology.

Sedimentary rock is formed through the processes of compression and compaction. Compression refers to the application of pressure on the sediment layers, which causes them to become denser and more tightly packed. Compaction, on the other hand, involves the squeezing out of water and air from the sediments, further increasing their density. These two forces work together to transform loose sediment into solid rock over time.

Weathering is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which igneous rock is broken down into smaller pieces or sediments. This can occur through physical processes such as freeze-thaw cycles or chemical processes such as the reaction of minerals with water or air. Weathering is an important step in the formation of sedimentary rocks, as it breaks down the original rock into smaller particles that can be transported and deposited elsewhere.

The organic matter in the soil comes from both living plants and animals, as well as dead plants and animals. Living plants and animals contribute to the organic matter through their roots, leaves, and other parts that decompose over time. Dead plants and animals also contribute to the organic matter as they decompose and break down into the soil. Therefore, the correct answer is a and b, as both sources contribute to the organic matter in the soil.

The process that has happened in these photos is deposition. Deposition is the geological process where sediments, soil, and rocks are deposited or laid down by wind, water, or ice. In the context of the given options, the photos likely show the accumulation of sediment or particles in a specific location, indicating the occurrence of deposition.

When examining soil particles, we consider their color, size, and shape. These three characteristics provide important information about the composition and properties of the soil. The color can indicate the presence of certain minerals or organic matter. Size refers to the particle size distribution, which affects the soil's ability to hold water and nutrients. Shape can provide insights into the soil's formation processes and its ability to retain or drain water. By analyzing these three factors, scientists can gain a better understanding of the soil's characteristics and its suitability for various purposes such as agriculture or construction.

Based on the given options, "massive" is the most appropriate word to describe the crystal in the picture. "Massive" implies that the crystal is large and solid, which aligns with the visual representation of the crystal in the picture. The other options, "conglomeration" and "hunk," do not accurately describe the crystal's appearance.