GPAT Mock Test No.11 (Developed By Dr. Anwar Shaikh)

The correct answer is "All of the above" because all three drugs mentioned (Mazindol, Phendimetrazine, and Pemoline) are CNS stimulants. This means that they stimulate the central nervous system, resulting in increased alertness, attention, and energy.

HEPA filters are widely used in laminar air flow hoods. These hoods are used in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and electronics, to provide a controlled and sterile environment. The HEPA filters in the laminar air flow hoods help to remove airborne particles, including dust, bacteria, and viruses, ensuring a clean and safe working environment. Autoclaves, gas sterilizers, and oxygen masks may also require filtration systems, but they typically use different types of filters specific to their needs.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because all three organisms mentioned (Serratia marscenes, Pseudomonas dimunata, and Vibrio percolans) are commonly used as test organisms for validation of filtration sterilization. These organisms are chosen because they are resistant to filtration and can help determine the effectiveness of the sterilization process.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because trazodone contains all three ring systems mentioned: piperazine, triazole, and pyridine.

The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that all three options, S.Orchidaceus, S.garyphyllus, and S.lavandulus, are biological sources for Cycloserine.

The correct answer is "All of the above." All three herbal extracts mentioned, karela, jambul, and fenugreek, have been used traditionally for their hypoglycemic properties. Karela, also known as bitter gourd, has been shown to lower blood glucose levels. Jambul, or jamun, has been used in traditional medicine to manage diabetes. Fenugreek seeds have been found to improve glucose tolerance and lower blood sugar levels. Therefore, all three extracts can be used for the measurement of hypoglycemic activity.

Carnauba wax is used in the polishing step of sugar coating tablets. This wax is known for its high melting point and hardness, making it ideal for creating a smooth and shiny surface on the tablet. During the polishing step, the tablets are tumbled in a coating pan along with carnauba wax and other polishing agents, which helps to remove any rough edges or imperfections on the tablet surface, resulting in a polished and glossy appearance.

The correct answer is 05. The moisture content limit for digitalis should not be more than 05. This means that the moisture content of digitalis should be kept below 5%. Moisture content is an important factor to consider in the storage and preservation of drugs like digitalis. Excessive moisture can lead to degradation of the drug and reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the moisture content of digitalis is controlled and kept within the specified limit.

Enteric coating is the most suitable method for formulating the tablet in this scenario. Enteric coating is a type of coating that is resistant to the acidic environment of the stomach but dissolves in the alkaline environment of the intestine. This coating provides protection to the core tablet from moisture and also prevents it from releasing the drug in the stomach. Instead, the drug is delivered in the intestine for local action. This ensures that the tablet is tasteless and provides the desired therapeutic effect in the intended site of action.

Tyrosine is the correct answer because it is the precursor for the synthesis of Dhurrin in the sikkimic acid pathway. Dhurrin is a cyanogenic glycoside found in plants, and it is derived from tyrosine through a series of enzymatic reactions. Therefore, tyrosine is the starting compound that is transformed into Dhurrin in this pathway. Phenylalanine, linamarin, and lotuustralin are not directly involved in the synthesis of Dhurrin in the sikkimic acid pathway.

Rhubarb exhibits violet fluorescence under UV light.

Benzoic acid undergoes a transition from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) under UV spectra. This transition is known as the π π* transition, where the electrons in the π bonding orbital are excited to the π* antibonding orbital. This transition is responsible for the absorption of UV light by benzoic acid, leading to its characteristic UV spectra.

Cam tracks are used in tablet formulation to guide the movement of punches. Cam tracks are grooves or tracks that are designed in the tablet press machine to control the movement of the upper and lower punches. These tracks ensure that the punches move in a synchronized and precise manner during the compression process. The cam tracks determine the speed, depth, and timing of the punches, which ultimately affects the quality and characteristics of the tablets produced.

GA3 is the correct answer because gibberalic acid is a gibberellin derivative that is commonly referred to as GA3. Gibberellins are plant hormones that play a crucial role in various physiological processes such as seed germination, stem elongation, and flowering. GA3 specifically promotes stem elongation and is commonly used in agricultural practices to increase plant growth and yield.

Lactose may discolor in the presence of amine-containing drugs. This is because lactose is a reducing sugar, meaning it can undergo a Maillard reaction with the amino group of amines. This reaction can lead to the formation of brown pigments, causing the discoloration. Avicel, DCP, and talc do not have the same reducing properties as lactose, so they would not undergo this discoloration reaction.

Momordicin is the cathartic principle found in momordica charantia. Cathartic refers to a substance that has a laxative effect, promoting bowel movements and relieving constipation. Momordicin, a compound found in the plant, has been shown to possess laxative properties, making it the correct answer. Charantin, saponin, and glucoside are other compounds found in momordica charantia, but they do not have the same cathartic effect as momordicin.

The correct answer is 7-chloro-1-( Cyclopropylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-5-phenyl-2H-benzodiazepine-2-one. This is because the IUPAC name for a compound is determined by the systematic naming rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). In this case, the name accurately represents the structure of Prazepam, with the correct placement of substituents and functional groups. The other options have different substituents or functional groups, which do not match the structure of Prazepam.

USP dissolution apparatus 4 is used to determine the dissolution rate of drugs from solid dosage forms, such as tablets and capsules. It is specifically designed for drugs with low solubility, as it provides a more aggressive dissolution environment compared to other apparatus. This apparatus is not suitable for testing the dissolution of emulsions, as they are liquid dosage forms. Therefore, the correct answer is "Low solubility of drugs".

Paper chromatography is based on the principle of partition. Partition chromatography involves the separation of components in a mixture based on their partitioning between a stationary phase and a mobile phase. In paper chromatography, the stationary phase is the paper and the mobile phase is typically a liquid solvent. As the solvent moves up the paper, it carries the components of the mixture along with it. The different components have different affinities for the stationary and mobile phases, leading to their separation on the paper.

Benzalkonium chloride is a cationic surfactant because it has a positively charged ion (cation) in its structure. It is commonly used as a disinfectant and preservative in various products such as hand sanitizers and eye drops. Cationic surfactants are known for their ability to bind to negatively charged surfaces, making them effective at removing dirt and bacteria.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because buspirone contains all three ring systems mentioned - spiron, piperazine, and pyrimidine.

The correct answer is "Projected". The microscopic method of evaluation involves observing and measuring the projected diameter of particles. This means that the diameter of the particles is measured based on their appearance when projected onto a surface. This method is commonly used in microscopy to determine the size of particles in a sample.

The correct answer is "All of the above". This means that all three plants mentioned in the options - Buchu, Digitalis, and Lobelia - have the characteristic of having Ranunculaceous stomata. Ranunculaceous stomata refers to the type of stomata found in plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae, which includes these three plants.

At pH 8.4, which is higher than the pKa of 7.4, the drug would be in its ionized form. Since the pKa is a measure of the acidity of a compound, a higher pH means a more basic environment, causing the drug to ionize. Therefore, a large fraction of the drug, approximately 0.9, would be ionized at pH 8.4.

Riboflavin is the correct answer for the vitamin requirement of the microorganism Streptococcus pyogenes. Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. It is involved in various enzymatic reactions and is necessary for the synthesis of flavoproteins, which are important for energy production. Therefore, the presence of riboflavin is required for the optimal growth and survival of Streptococcus pyogenes.

The correct answer is 60 min. This means that the sugar coated tablet takes 60 minutes to completely disintegrate in the body. This longer disintegration time may be necessary for certain medications that need to be released slowly over a longer period of time in order to be effective.

Caramelization refers to the process of heating sugar or syrup, causing it to break down and undergo a chemical reaction that results in the formation of a brown color and distinct caramel flavor. In this process, the sugar molecules are broken down and rearranged, leading to the formation of new compounds with different flavors and colors. Therefore, caramelization is the correct answer as it describes the inversion of sucrose in syrup due to heat.

Fish oil is contraindicated in type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia because it contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which can increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia, there is already an elevated level of LDL cholesterol, so consuming fish oil would further elevate these levels and worsen the condition. Therefore, fish oil should be avoided in individuals with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia.

The hollow cathode lamp is the most commonly used radiation source in atomic absorption spectroscopy. This is because it provides a stable and intense light source that is specific to the element being analyzed. The lamp consists of a cathode made of the element of interest, which emits light when a high voltage is applied. This emitted light is then absorbed by the sample, allowing for the quantification of the element present. Tungsten lamps, xenon discharge lamps, and mercury vapor lamps are also used in spectroscopy, but they are not as commonly used as hollow cathode lamps.

The correct answer is 2. In the 1H NMR spectrum of P-xylene, there are two different types of hydrogen atoms present. Each type of hydrogen atom will give rise to a separate peak in the spectrum. Therefore, there will be two peaks in the 1H NMR spectrum of P-xylene.

Corynanthine is a compound that acts as a selective α1 receptor antagonist. This means that it specifically blocks the α1 adrenergic receptors, preventing their activation by neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine. By blocking these receptors, corynanthine can inhibit the effects of sympathetic stimulation, such as vasoconstriction. This selective antagonism of α1 receptors distinguishes corynanthine from other types of receptor antagonists, such as non-selective α receptor antagonists or selective β1-receptor agonists.

A refractive index detector is used as a bulk property detector in HPLC. This type of detector measures the change in refractive index of the mobile phase as it passes through the column. It is particularly useful for detecting non-UV-absorbing compounds, such as sugars, alcohols, and polymers, which cannot be detected by UV-visible or fluorescence detectors. The refractive index detector provides a baseline signal that is proportional to the concentration of the analyte, making it a valuable tool for quantification in HPLC analysis.

The outgrowth arista (awn) is found in Stropanthus.

Occulomucocutaneous syndrome is a rare side effect associated with the use of Practolol. This syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as eye inflammation, mucous membrane lesions, and skin rashes. Practolol is a beta-blocker medication that was used to treat high blood pressure and certain heart conditions. However, due to the risk of this serious side effect, Practolol has been discontinued and is no longer available for use.

Phenytoin is used in the treatment of digitalis-induced arrhythmias. Digitalis, a medication derived from the foxglove plant, is commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heart rhythms. However, it can also cause arrhythmias as a side effect. Phenytoin, an anti-seizure medication, can be used to counteract these arrhythmias by stabilizing the electrical activity of the heart. Verapamil, Flecainide, and Procainamide are not typically used for digitalis-induced arrhythmias.

The given answer "Poor" is the correct answer because when the Carr's index is between 23-35, it indicates that the flow of the material is not very good. This means that the material is likely to have poor flow properties, which can result in difficulties during handling and processing. Therefore, the correct assessment of the flow in this case is "Poor".

Methysergide is known to cause mediastinal fibrosis as a side effect. Mediastinal fibrosis refers to the formation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum, the area between the lungs. This condition can lead to compression of nearby structures such as the heart, blood vessels, and airways, causing symptoms like chest pain, difficulty breathing, and palpitations. Methysergide is a medication commonly used for the prevention of migraines, but its use is limited due to the risk of developing mediastinal fibrosis.

The correct answer is Filterleaf. Filterleaf is used to filter slurries containing solids not more than 5%. It is a type of filter that uses a series of leaves or screens to separate the solids from the liquid. The filterleaf allows the liquid to pass through while retaining the solids, ensuring that the filtered product meets the desired specifications. This type of filter is commonly used in various industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing.

The correct answer is "Methyl ester of aspartic acid and phenylalanine". Aspartame is a low-calorie artificial sweetener that is commonly used in food and beverages. It is composed of two amino acids, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, which are linked together by a methyl ester bond. When aspartame is ingested, it is broken down into its component amino acids and methanol, which are then metabolized by the body.

Na caprylate is used as a stabilizer in parenteral products. It helps to prevent degradation and maintain the stability of the product. Na caprylate is a fatty acid salt that has antimicrobial properties and can also act as a solubilizing agent. It is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the shelf life and effectiveness of the product.

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The compound mentioned in the question, 6-[ 2,3-dichloro phenyl)]-3,5-diamino triazine, belongs to the category of anti-epileptic drugs. This is because anti-epileptic drugs are used to treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. The compound's structure suggests that it may have properties that can help control or prevent seizures, making it suitable for use as an anti-epileptic drug.

Asthma weed is the correct answer because it is biosynthesized from Lysine. Biosynthesis refers to the process by which living organisms produce complex molecules from simpler ones. In the case of Asthma weed, Lysine serves as a precursor molecule that is transformed into the final drug through various enzymatic reactions. The other options, Pilocarpus, Aconite, and Holarhhena, are not biosynthesized from Lysine.

Humulus is the correct answer because it is known to have multicellular branched covering peltate trichomes. Trichomes are hair-like structures found on the surface of plants, and peltate trichomes have a round or shield-like base with branches extending from it. Hammelis and Verbascum Thapsus may have trichomes, but they do not specifically have the multicellular branched covering peltate trichomes characteristic of Humulus. Therefore, the correct answer is Humulus.

The total aerobic microbial load per gram of material ready for internal use is 105. This means that there are 105 aerobic microorganisms present in each gram of the material.

Dobutamine is a B1-receptor agonist and is used in cardiogenic shock. However, the (-) enantiomer of dobutamine is not a potent α2 agonist.

Carvediol is a safe drug to use in hypertension during pregnancy. It is a beta-blocker that works by reducing the heart rate and relaxing blood vessels, thereby reducing blood pressure. Carvediol has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated in pregnant women with hypertension, without causing harm to the fetus. It is important to control hypertension during pregnancy to prevent complications, and Carvediol provides a safe and effective option for managing high blood pressure in pregnant women.

Streptozotocin is used in the treatment of Insulinoma. Insulinoma is a rare tumor of the pancreas that causes excessive production of insulin, leading to low blood sugar levels. Streptozotocin is a chemotherapy drug that specifically targets the beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production. By destroying these cells, streptozotocin helps to reduce the production of insulin and control the symptoms of Insulinoma. It is commonly used as a first-line treatment for this condition.

The form number 9 is used for the import of biological drugs.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressant medications that work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Anorgasmia is a known side effect of SSRIs, where individuals have difficulty achieving orgasm or experience a delay in orgasm. This side effect is thought to be due to the effect of SSRIs on serotonin levels, which can affect sexual function. Tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are other classes of antidepressants that may also have sexual side effects, but the question specifically asks for the side effect produced by SSRIs.