Quiz : What Do You Know Glucose Metabolism?
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What is the first choice of fuel for all cells?
About This Quiz
Glucose metabolism is an essential biochemical process in the body. We're curious to know what do you about glucose metabolism. The quiz is aimed at students with a second-year nursing degree, it examines basic concepts in the biochemistry of glucose metabolism and the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Do you think you can answer all the questions in our quiz correctly? You can even try this quiz as many times as you like for fun. Let's see how well you do on this quiz. Good Luck!
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- 2.
What is needed in aerobic glycolysis that is not required in anaerobic glycolysis?
Explanation
In aerobic glycolysis, oxygen is required as it serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the efficient production of ATP. On the other hand, anaerobic glycolysis does not require oxygen and can proceed in the absence of oxygen. Mitochondria, although involved in aerobic respiration, are not specifically required for glycolysis as it occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.Rate this question:
- 3.
Glycolysis takes place in all cells
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells, regardless of whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. It is the initial step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, where glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH. This process is essential for the production of energy in cells and is considered one of the most ancient and conserved metabolic pathways. Therefore, the statement "glycolysis takes place in all cells" is true.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Where is glycogen stored in the body?
Correct Answer
liver
skeletal muscleExplanation
Glycogen is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle. The liver acts as a central storage site for glycogen, releasing it into the bloodstream when needed to maintain blood sugar levels. Skeletal muscle also stores glycogen, but it primarily uses it as a source of energy during exercise. Both the liver and skeletal muscle play important roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body.Rate this question:
- 5.
Glycogen is a polymer composed of units
Correct Answer
glucoseExplanation
Glycogen is a polymer composed of glucose units.Rate this question:
- 6.
Which of the following provides the most energy?
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Anaerobic glycolysis
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Aerobic glycolysis
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Gluconeogenesis
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Aerobic glycolysisExplanation
Aerobic glycolysis provides the most energy compared to the other options. During aerobic glycolysis, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce a high amount of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy currency of cells. This process is more efficient than anaerobic glycolysis, which occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP. Gluconeogenesis is a process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources and does not directly provide energy. Therefore, aerobic glycolysis is the correct answer as it yields the highest energy output.Rate this question:
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- 7.
When we have just eaten (post prandial state) which hormone is active?
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Insulin
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Glucagon
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Epinephrine
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. InsulinExplanation
After eating, our blood sugar levels rise, and insulin is released by the pancreas to help regulate and lower the blood sugar. Insulin allows glucose to enter cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later use. Therefore, in the postprandial state, when we have just eaten, insulin is active to control blood sugar levels. Glucagon and epinephrine are hormones that are involved in raising blood sugar levels, so they are not active in this state.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In anaerobic glycolysis glucose is converted to pyruvate which is then converted to.......
Correct Answer
lactateExplanation
In anaerobic glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions. However, in the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is further converted to lactate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. This conversion allows for the regeneration of NAD+ from NADH, which is necessary for the continuation of glycolysis. Therefore, lactate is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis.Rate this question:
- 9.
Glycolysis takes place in all cells in the body
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in all cells of the body. It is the first step in cellular respiration and involves breaking down glucose into pyruvate to produce energy in the form of ATP. This process is essential for the production of energy in cells and is therefore present in all cells throughout the body.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Glucokinase is present in all cells
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Glucokinase is not present in all cells. It is primarily found in the liver and pancreatic beta cells. Glucokinase plays a crucial role in regulating glucose levels in the body by converting glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. Its presence in these specific cells allows for the regulation of glucose uptake, storage, and release. In other cells, different isoforms of the enzyme, such as hexokinase, perform similar functions.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The key enzyme phophofructokinase (PFK) in glycolysis is activated by...
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High ATP
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Low ATP
Correct Answer
A. Low ATPExplanation
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a key regulatory enzyme in glycolysis. It is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a crucial step in the glycolytic pathway. PFK is allosterically regulated by ATP. When ATP levels are low, PFK is activated, leading to an increase in glycolysis and ATP production. On the other hand, high levels of ATP inhibit PFK activity, slowing down glycolysis and conserving energy. Therefore, the correct answer is low ATP.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Insulin and glucagon are produced from the same cell type
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Insulin and glucagon are not produced from the same cell type. Insulin is produced by beta cells in the pancreas, while glucagon is produced by alpha cells in the pancreas. These two hormones have opposite effects on blood sugar levels, with insulin lowering blood sugar and glucagon raising it. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Correct Answer
cytosolExplanation
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in the cytosol, the liquid portion of the cell's cytoplasm. This is where the necessary enzymes and molecules for glycolysis are located. The cytosol provides an ideal environment for the glycolytic reactions to take place, allowing for the efficient production of ATP.Rate this question:
- 14.
Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis are a reversal of the same pathway
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis are not a reversal of the same pathway. Glycogen synthesis is the process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage, while glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose for energy release. These processes are distinct and occur in opposite directions, making the statement false.Rate this question:
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- 15.
In strenuous exercise glycogen stores in muscle are broken down, glucose produced and transported to other tissues to provide energy
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
This statement is false. During strenuous exercise, glycogen stores in the muscle are indeed broken down, but the glucose produced is primarily used within the muscle itself as a source of energy. It is not transported to other tissues to provide energy. The glucose produced from glycogen breakdown in the muscle is used for immediate energy needs during exercise.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which cells are most dependent on glucose as their fuel source
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Red blood cells
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Kidneys
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Liver
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Neurons
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Heart
Correct Answer(s)
A. Red blood cells
A. NeuronsExplanation
Red blood cells and neurons are the cells that are most dependent on glucose as their fuel source. Red blood cells lack mitochondria, which are responsible for energy production through other fuel sources, making glucose their primary source of energy. Neurons, being highly active cells, require a constant supply of glucose to maintain their functions, such as transmitting signals and carrying out neurotransmission. On the other hand, while kidneys, liver, and heart also utilize glucose, they can adapt and utilize other fuel sources, such as fatty acids, when glucose availability is limited.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Insulin acts to....
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Increase blood glucose levels
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Decrease gluconeogenesis
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Increase glycolysis
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Decrease glucose uptake into cells
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Increase glycogen synthesis in the liver
Correct Answer(s)
A. Decrease gluconeogenesis
A. Increase glycolysis
A. Increase glycogen synthesis in the liverExplanation
Insulin acts to decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis, and increase glycogen synthesis in the liver. Gluconeogenesis is the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, and insulin inhibits this process to maintain blood glucose levels. Insulin also promotes glycolysis, which is the breakdown of glucose into energy. Additionally, insulin stimulates the liver to store glucose as glycogen, increasing glycogen synthesis. These actions of insulin help regulate blood glucose levels and ensure proper energy utilization in the body.Rate this question:
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- 18.
In fasting to early starvation which of the following pathways are active?
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Gluconeogenesis
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Glycogen synthesis
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Glycolysis
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Ketogenesis
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Glycogenolysis
Correct Answer(s)
A. Gluconeogenesis
A. Ketogenesis
A. GlycogenolysisExplanation
During fasting, when the body is deprived of food for an extended period, the glucose levels in the blood drop. To maintain blood glucose levels, the body activates certain pathways. Gluconeogenesis is the process of creating new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol. Ketogenesis is the production of ketone bodies from fatty acids, which can be used as an alternative fuel source for the brain. Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver and muscles into glucose. These pathways are active during fasting to ensure a steady supply of glucose for energy production. Glycogen synthesis and glycolysis are not active during fasting as the body needs to conserve glucose rather than use it for energy production.Rate this question:
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- 19.
What is the importance of phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase or glucokinase after entry into a cell?
Correct Answer(s)
traps glucose in the cellExplanation
Phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase or glucokinase after entry into a cell is important because it traps glucose in the cell. Once glucose is phosphorylated, it cannot easily leave the cell due to the negatively charged phosphate group. This ensures that glucose remains within the cell, where it can be further metabolized to produce energy or used for other cellular processes. Additionally, phosphorylation of glucose is a key step in the glycolysis pathway, which is the initial stage of glucose metabolism. Therefore, phosphorylation allows for the subsequent breakdown and utilization of glucose within the cell.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Oct 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jan 27, 2010Quiz Created by
Elainehuston
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