Diabetes Gld Ch. 16t-3

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  • 1/65 Questions

    1. What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate increased secretion of insulin?

    • Control by releasing hormones
    • Control by tropic hormones
    • Negative feedback control
    • Hypothalamus/hypophysis coordination
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Diabetes Gld Ch. 16t-3 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    2. What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders?

    • Malignant neoplasm

    • Infection

    • Congenital defect

    • Benign tumor

    Correct Answer
    A. Benign tumor
  • 3. 

    3. Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    • Onset often occurs during childhood.

    • Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops.

    • It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics.

    • Complications rarely occur.

    Correct Answer
    A. Onset often occurs during childhood.
  • 4. 

    5. What is the cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

    • Excess insulin in the body

    • Loss of glucose in the urine

    • Failure of the kidney to excrete sufficient acids

    • Increased catabolism of fats and proteins

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased catabolism of fats and proteins
  • 5. 

    6. What is a precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis?

    • Skipping a meal

    • Anorexia

    • Serious infection

    • Insulin overdose

    Correct Answer
    A. Serious infection
  • 6. 

    8. Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic?

    • Deep, rapid respirations

    • Flushed dry skin and mucosa

    • Thirst and oliguria

    • Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion

    Correct Answer
    A. Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion
  • 7. 

    10. Immediate treatment for insulin shock may include:

    • Administration of bicarbonates.

    • Consumption of fruit juice or candy.

    • Induced vomiting.

    • Consumption of large amounts of water.

    Correct Answer
    A. Consumption of fruit juice or candy.
  • 8. 

    13. How do many oral hypoglycemic drugs act?

    • To replace insulin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

    • To transport glucose into body cells

    • To prevent gluconeogenesis

    • To stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin

    Correct Answer
    A. To stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin
  • 9. 

    14. Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as:

    • Cataracts

    • Macular degeneration.

    • Myopia

    • Strabismus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cataracts
  • 10. 

    15. Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography?1. It affects the small arteries and arterioles.2. It is related to elevated serum lipids.3. It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease.4. It frequently causes damage to the kidneys.

    • 1, 3

    • 1, 4

    • 2, 3

    • 2, 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 2, 3
  • 11. 

    16. Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics?

    • Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs

    • Lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs

    • Severe dehydration in the tissues

    • Elevated blood glucose increasing blood viscosity

    Correct Answer
    A. Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs
  • 12. 

    17. A type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called:

    • Temporary maternal diabetes.

    • Fetal diabetes.

    • Acute developmental diabetes.

    • Gestational diabetes.

    Correct Answer
    A. Gestational diabetes.
  • 13. 

    18. Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently?

    • Type 1 diabetic patients

    • Type 2 diabetic patients

    • Patients with a poor stress response

    • Patients with a regular exercise and meal plan

    Correct Answer
    A. Type 1 diabetic patients
  • 14. 

    20. Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes myxedema?

    • Increased glucocorticoids

    • Decreased glucocorticoids

    • Deficit of ADH

    • Deficit of T3 and T4

    Correct Answer
    A. Deficit of T3 and T4
  • 15. 

    21. Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes diabetes insipidus?

    • Increased insulin

    • Decreased glucocorticoids

    • Deficit of ADH

    • Deficit of T3 and T4

    Correct Answer
    A. Deficit of ADH
  • 16. 

    23. What is caused by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism?1. Skeletal muscle twitching or spasm2. Weak cardiac contraction3. Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)4. Decreased serum phosphate level

    • 1, 2

    • 1, 3

    • 2, 3

    • 3, 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 1, 2
  • 17. 

    24. Which of the following applies to acromegaly?

    • It occurs in infants and children.

    • It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth.

    • It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH).

    • It does not change soft tissue growth.

    Correct Answer
    A. It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH).
  • 18. 

    25. Which of the following may cause goiter?1. Hyperthyroidism2. Hypothyroidism3. Lack of iodine in the diet4. Pheochromocytoma

    • 1, 4

    • 2, 3

    • 1, 2, 3

    • 1, 2, 3, 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 1, 2, 3
  • 19. 

    27. Characteristics of Cushing’s syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT:

    • Heavy body and round face

    • Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs

    • Staring eyes with infrequent blinking

    • Atrophy of the lymph nodes

    Correct Answer
    A. Staring eyes with infrequent blinking
  • 20. 

    28. Which of the following is an effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy?

    • Decreased secretion from the adrenal cortex gland

    • An increased inflammatory response to irritants

    • Hypotension and poor circulation

    • Increased number of hypersensitivity reactions

    Correct Answer
    A. Decreased secretion from the adrenal cortex gland
  • 21. 

    29. Which of the following is an effect of Addison’s disease?

    • Elevated blood glucose levels

    • High blood pressure

    • Low serum potassium levels

    • Poor stress response

    Correct Answer
    A. Poor stress response
  • 22. 

    30. What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

    • Increased glucose production in the liver

    • Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction

    • Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action

    • Chronic obesity

    Correct Answer
    A. Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction
  • 23. 

    31. Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics?

    • Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate.

    • Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine.

    • The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit.

    • Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption.

    Correct Answer
    A. The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit.
  • 24. 

    33. Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome?

    • The cause is excess ADH secretion.

    • Severe hyponatremia results.

    • Excessive sodium is retained.

    • Fluid retention increases.

    Correct Answer
    A. Excessive sodium is retained.
  • 25. 

    36. Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression?

    • Graves’ disease

    • Acromegaly

    • Cushing’s disease

    • Diabetes insipidus

    Correct Answer
    A. Cushing’s disease
  • 26. 

    37. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) more frequently develops in patients with:

    • Type 1 diabetes.

    • Type 2 diabetes.

    • Grave’s disease.

    • Hyperparathyroidism.

    Correct Answer
    A. Type 2 diabetes.
  • 27. 

    38. Which of the following is recommended for immediate treatment of hypoglycemic shock?1. If conscious, immediately give sweet fruit juice, honey, candy, or sugar.2. If unconscious, give nothing by mouth (require intravenous glucose 50%).3. Treat immediately with insulin.4. Give large quantity of clear fluids for shock.

    • 1, 2

    • 1, 3

    • 2, 3

    • 1, 3, 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 1, 2
  • 28. 

    39. All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT:

    • Liver

    • Digestive system.

    • Exercising skeletal muscle.

    • Brain.

    Correct Answer
    A. Liver
  • 29. 

    40. Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes include which of the following?

    • Type 1 diabetes weight gain is common, and type 2 weight loss often occurs.

    • Type 1 diabetes leads to fewer complications than does type 2 diabetes.

    • Type 1 diabetes may be controlled by adjusting dietary intake and exercise, but type 2 diabetes requires insulin replacement.

    • Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults.

    Correct Answer
    A. Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults.
  • 30. 

    41. Complications of diabetes mellitus include:

    • Peripheral neuropathy.

    • Frequent infections.

    • Cataracts.

    • A, B, and C.

    Correct Answer
    A. A, B, and C.
  • 31. 

    42. Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism?

    • A malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands

    • End-stage renal failure

    • Osteoporosis

    • Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area

    Correct Answer
    A. Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area
  • 32. 

    43. Dwarfism is caused by:

    • Excessive levels of somatotropin (GH).

    • A deficit of somatotropin (GH).

    • Excessive levels of insulin.

    • Excessive levels of parathyroid hormone.

    Correct Answer
    A. A deficit of somatotropin (GH).
  • 33. 

    45. Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the:

    • Great Lakes or mountainous regions.

    • Southwest United States.

    • Temperate regions.

    • Areas bordering the oceans.

    Correct Answer
    A. Great Lakes or mountainous regions.
  • 34. 

    47. Goiters may be caused by:

    • Hypothyroid conditions only.

    • Either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid conditions.

    • Hyperthyroid conditions only.

    • Fungal infections such as candidiasis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid conditions.
  • 35. 

    48. Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth, are associated with:

    • Myxedema

    • Cushing’s syndrome.

    • Diabetes insipidus.

    • Cretinism

    • Graves’ disease.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cretinism
  • 36. 

    49. A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called:

    • Pheochromocytoma

    • Cushing’s syndrome.

    • Graves’ disease.

    • Addison’s disease.

    Correct Answer
    A. Pheochromocytoma
  • 37. 

    50. The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT:

    • Prolactin (PRL).

    • Glucagon.

    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

    • Growth hormone (GH).

    Correct Answer
    A. Glucagon.
  • 38. 

    51. Which of the following applies to oxytocin?1. It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery.2. It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation.3. It stimulates mammary gland production of milk.4. It is released from the adenohypophysis.

    • 1, 2

    • 1, 4

    • 1, 3, 4

    • 1, 2, 3, 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 1, 2
  • 39. 

    52. Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine?

    • Inhibition of an excessive stress response

    • Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction

    • Increased force of heart contraction

    • Vasodilation in skeletal muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction
  • 40. 

    53. Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means:

    • Thirst.

    • Increased urine output.

    • Hunger.

    • Glucose in the urine.

    Correct Answer
    A. Hunger.
  • 41. 

    54. Which of the following hormones is involved in both the stress response and the anti-inflammatory response?

    • Aldosterone

    • Norepinephrine

    • Thyroxine

    • Cortisol

    Correct Answer
    A. Cortisol
  • 42. 

    55. Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when:

    • Lack of insulin causes hunger.

    • Ketone levels rise in the blood.

    • Polyuria causes dehydration.

    • Glucosuria causes ketoacidosis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Polyuria causes dehydration.
  • 43. 

    56. Metabolic syndrome is marked by:

    • Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism.

    • Periodic hypotension.

    • Deficit of glucagon.

    • Early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

    Correct Answer
    A. Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism.
  • 44. 

    57. Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

    • Kussmaul’s respirations.

    • Polydipsia.

    • Ketonuria.

    • Seizures.

    Correct Answer
    A. Kussmaul’s respirations.
  • 45. 

    58. Which of the following may occur with a pituitary adenoma?

    • Low blood pressure and bradycardia

    • Headache and seizures

    • Vomiting and diarrhea

    • Loss of vision in one eye

    Correct Answer
    A. Headache and seizures
  • 46. 

    59. Which of the following may cause hypertension?

    • Hypoparathyroidism

    • Hypoglycemia

    • Pheochromocytoma

    • Addison’s disease

    Correct Answer
    A. Pheochromocytoma
  • 47. 

    62. Which of the following are likely present in a patient immobilized for a long period of time?

    • Hypocalcemia and low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels

    • Hypocalcemia and high serum PTH levels

    • Hypercalcemia and low serum PTH levels

    • Hypercalcemia and high serum PTH levels

    Correct Answer
    A. Hypercalcemia and low serum PTH levels
  • 48. 

    65. Why does hypocalcemia cause tetany?

    • Skeletal muscle contractions are weaker.

    • Nerves to skeletal muscle are more excitable.

    • Calcium is not stored in skeletal muscle cells.

    • Serum phosphate levels are low.

    Correct Answer
    A. Nerves to skeletal muscle are more excitable.
  • 49. 

    12. Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes?

    • Osteoporosis

    • Nephropathy

    • Impotence

    • Peripheral neuropathy

    Correct Answer
    A. Osteoporosis

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  • Mar 21, 2022
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