The Ultimate Quiz On Type I and type II diabetes

The beta cells of the pancreas are damaged in type 1 diabetes because of an autoimmune response by the immune system. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly identifies the beta cells as foreign and attacks them, leading to their destruction. This autoimmune response is believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. When we consume food, especially carbohydrates, our blood sugar levels rise. Insulin helps to lower blood sugar by allowing it to enter the body's cells, where it can be used as a source of energy. Without insulin, blood sugar would remain elevated, leading to various complications such as diabetes. Therefore, the body needs insulin to facilitate the entry of blood sugar into cells and maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Insulin resistance is the correct answer for determining type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance refers to the condition where the body's cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. This is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, as it results in the body's inability to properly regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin lack and beta cell destruction are more commonly associated with type 1 diabetes, where the body produces little to no insulin.

Diabetes occurs when the body is unable to use blood sugar as effectively as it should. This is typically due to a lack of insulin or the body's inability to properly use the insulin it produces. Insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels and allowing cells to absorb and use glucose for energy. When the body cannot effectively use blood sugar, it leads to high blood sugar levels and the development of diabetes.

Oral steroid medicines can cause blood sugar to increase. Steroids can interfere with the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels, leading to an increase in blood sugar. This can be especially problematic for individuals with diabetes or those at risk for developing diabetes. It is important for individuals taking oral steroid medicines to monitor their blood sugar levels closely and work with their healthcare provider to manage any potential increases.

The new classification of diabetes is based on etiology, which refers to the cause or origin of the disease. This means that diabetes is now classified based on the underlying factors that lead to its development, such as genetic factors, autoimmune response, or lifestyle factors. This classification helps in better understanding the different subtypes of diabetes and tailoring treatment plans accordingly. It allows healthcare professionals to provide more personalized and targeted care to individuals with diabetes.

Insulin promotes glucose entry into cells and protein synthesis, which are both important for energy storage and building new molecules. It also promotes lipogenesis, the process of converting excess glucose into fat for storage. However, insulin inhibits lipolysis, which is the breakdown of stored fat into fatty acids for energy production. Therefore, lipolysis is not promoted by insulin.

The renal threshold of glucose refers to the concentration of glucose in the blood at which the kidneys start to excrete it into the urine. In other words, it is the maximum amount of glucose that the kidneys can reabsorb from the blood. A renal threshold of 180 mg/dl means that any glucose concentration in the blood above this level will be excreted in the urine. This is an important threshold because it helps to diagnose and monitor conditions such as diabetes mellitus, where the ability of the kidneys to reabsorb glucose is impaired.

Insulin is required for glucose to enter cells in muscle tissue. Insulin acts as a key to unlock the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter and be used as a source of energy. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter the muscle cells, leading to high blood sugar levels. This is why individuals with insulin resistance or diabetes may have difficulty regulating their blood sugar levels, as their muscle cells are unable to take up glucose efficiently.

Physical signs of malnutrition would manifest last in its progression because the body prioritizes the use of nutrients for vital functions and processes. As malnutrition progresses, the body first depletes its nutrient stores, followed by abnormal body functions. Physical signs, such as weight loss, muscle wasting, and changes in skin, hair, and nails, typically appear in the later stages of malnutrition when the body's reserves are significantly depleted. Therefore, physical signs are the last to manifest and indicate severe malnutrition.