Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs Quiz
Take this Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs Quiz to test your knowledge regarding the hormones secreted by pancreas glands and antidiabetic drugs. The following quiz consists of 18 questions. Do you know Insulin hormone controls the body's blood sugar (glucose) level? Also, you'd get a chance to learn more about Insulin and other types of antidiabetic drugs. So, are you ready to take up the quiz? Let's start then. All the best!
- 1.
Which of the following is true in regard to Insulin?
- A.
It needs opening of K+ channels to be secreted from B-cells
- B.
It needs closure of K+ channels to be secreted from B-cells.
- C.
It needs closure of Ca+2 channels to be secreted from B-cells
- D.
The ATP/ADP ratio is in favour of ADP
Correct Answer
B. It needs closure of K+ channels to be secreted from B-cells.Explanation
Insulin is secreted from B-cells in response to high blood glucose levels. In order for insulin to be secreted, the K+ channels on the B-cells need to close. This closure of K+ channels leads to depolarization of the B-cell membrane, which triggers the opening of Ca+2 channels. The influx of Ca+2 ions then stimulates the release of insulin from the B-cells. Therefore, the statement "It needs closure of K+ channels to be secreted from B-cells" is true.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Regarding Insulin, the following are true, except:
- A.
It causes gluconeogenesis.
- B.
It is a peptide.
- C.
It may cause hypoglycaemia
- D.
Insulin lispro in an ultra short acting preparation
Correct Answer
A. It causes gluconeogenesis.Explanation
Insulin is a peptide hormone that is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels. It works by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose in cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. However, it does not cause gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. Instead, insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis to prevent excessive glucose production. Therefore, the statement "It causes gluconeogenesis" is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following is not true in regard to Insulin:
- A.
Insulin is small protein comprising 51 amino acids residues
- B.
Synthesized in the B-cells of (the Langerhans via its precursor, proinsulin
- C.
One molecule of proinsulin is cleaved by enzymes to give one molecule of insulin and one molecule of ( -peptide
- D.
In the muscles, Insulin inhibits anabolism, and induces protein catabolism, and decrease amino acids transport.
Correct Answer
D. In the muscles, Insulin inhibits anabolism, and induces protein catabolism, and decrease amino acids transport.Explanation
Insulin is a small protein comprising 51 amino acid residues, synthesized in the B-cells of the Langerhans via its precursor, proinsulin. One molecule of proinsulin is cleaved by enzymes to give one molecule of insulin and one molecule of -peptide. However, in the muscles, insulin does not inhibit anabolism or induce protein catabolism. Instead, it promotes anabolism by stimulating glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, and it also enhances amino acid transport, which is essential for protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Beef Insulin differs from human insulin by
- A.
3 amino acids
- B.
2 amino acids
- C.
1 amino acids
- D.
4 amino acids
Correct Answer
A. 3 amino acidsExplanation
Beef insulin differs from human insulin by 3 amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and insulin is a protein hormone. These three amino acids may cause slight differences in the structure and function of beef insulin compared to human insulin. These differences can affect the way beef insulin interacts with insulin receptors in the body, potentially leading to variations in its effectiveness or side effects when used in medical treatments.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Pork Insulin differs from human insulin by
- A.
2 amino acids
- B.
3 amino acids
- C.
1 amino acids
- D.
4 amino acids
Correct Answer
C. 1 amino acidsExplanation
Pork insulin differs from human insulin by 1 amino acid. This means that there is a variation in the sequence of amino acids between the two types of insulin. This difference in amino acid composition can affect the structure and function of the insulin molecule, potentially leading to differences in its activity and effectiveness in regulating blood sugar levels.Rate this question:
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- 6.
In regard to Insulin molecule which of the following is true?
- A.
Pork insulin differs from human insulin by 1 amino acid.
- B.
Beef insulin differs from human insulin by 3 amino acid
- C.
Secreted with C-peptide in equimolar portions from the B-cells.
- D.
All of the above.
Correct Answer
D. All of the above.Explanation
The given answer "all of the above" is correct because all three statements are true. Pork insulin differs from human insulin by 1 amino acid, beef insulin differs from human insulin by 3 amino acids, and insulin is secreted with C-peptide in equimolar portions from the B-cells. Therefore, all of these statements are true in regard to the Insulin molecule.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following insulines is rapid and long acting Insulin?
- A.
Insulin lispro
- B.
Insulin aspart
- C.
Insulin exubera
- D.
Insulin glargine.
- E.
Insulin soluble (regular).
Correct Answer
D. Insulin glargine.Explanation
Insulin glargine is a type of insulin that is both rapid-acting and long-acting. It is designed to provide a steady release of insulin over a 24-hour period, mimicking the body's natural insulin production. This allows for better blood sugar control throughout the day and reduces the need for multiple injections. Insulin lispro and insulin aspart are rapid-acting insulins, while insulin exubera is an inhaled insulin. Insulin soluble (regular) is a short-acting insulin.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Insulin glargine is:
- A.
Short acting clear insulin
- B.
Rapid acting clear insulin
- C.
Short acting cloudy insulin
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
B. Rapid acting clear insulinExplanation
Insulin glargine is a long-acting clear insulin. It is not short-acting or cloudy. Rapid-acting insulins have a quicker onset and shorter duration of action compared to long-acting insulins. Therefore, the correct answer is not "Rapid acting clear insulin."Rate this question:
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- 9.
The most dangerous adverse effects of Insulin is:
- A.
Hypoglycaemia
- B.
Weight gain
- C.
Allergic reactions
- D.
Subcutancous lipodystrophy
Correct Answer
A. HypoglycaemiaExplanation
Insulin is a hormone used to regulate blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. Hypoglycemia refers to abnormally low blood sugar levels, which can be a dangerous side effect of taking insulin. When insulin lowers blood sugar too much, it can cause symptoms such as dizziness, confusion, sweating, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. Prompt treatment with glucose or a sugary snack is necessary to raise blood sugar levels back to normal. Therefore, hypoglycemia is considered the most dangerous adverse effect of insulin.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Biguanides are :
- A.
Antihypertensive drugs
- B.
Antidiabetic drugs
- C.
Antiemetic drugs
- D.
Antidiarcal drugs
Correct Answer
B. Antidiabetic drugsExplanation
Biguanides are a class of drugs that are commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver and improving the body's response to insulin. Examples of biguanides include metformin, which is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for diabetes. These drugs are not used for treating hypertension, nausea, or diarrhea, so they are not antihypertensive, antiemetic, or antidiarrheal drugs. Therefore, the correct answer is antidiabetic drugs.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which one of the following drugs promotes the release of endogenous insulin?
- A.
Acarbose
- B.
Canagliflozin
- C.
Glipizide
- D.
Metformin
- E.
Pioglitazone
Correct Answer
A. AcarboseExplanation
Acarbose is the correct answer because it is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that works by slowing down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine. This leads to a decrease in postprandial blood glucose levels and stimulates the release of endogenous insulin from the pancreas.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Which of the following is an important effect of insulin?
- A.
Increased conversion of amino acids into glucose
- B.
Increased gluconeogenesis
- C.
Increased glucose transport into cells
- D.
Inhibition of lipoprotein lipase
- E.
Stimulation of glycogenolysis
Correct Answer
C. Increased glucose transport into cellsExplanation
Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating glucose levels in the body. One of its important effects is the increased transport of glucose into cells. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on the cell surface, triggering a cascade of events that result in the insertion of glucose transporters (GLUT4) into the cell membrane. This allows glucose to enter the cells and be utilized for energy production or stored as glycogen. Increased glucose transport into cells helps to lower blood glucose levels and maintain cellular energy balance.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
- A.
Acarbose
- B.
Canagliflozin
- C.
Glyburide
- D.
Metformin
- E.
Miglitol
Correct Answer
C. GlyburideExplanation
Glyburide is most likely to cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This is because glyburide is a sulfonylurea medication that works by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, which can lead to a drop in blood sugar levels. It is important for patients taking glyburide to closely monitor their blood sugar levels and be aware of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following is not true concerning Metformin?
- A.
It works by reducing hepatic glucose output
- B.
It works by enhancing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues
- C.
It reduces the plasma triglycerides level.
- D.
It works by enhancing insulin release from the B-cells of pancreas.
Correct Answer
D. It works by enhancing insulin release from the B-cells of pancreas.Explanation
Metformin is an oral medication commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing hepatic glucose output, meaning it decreases the amount of glucose produced by the liver. Additionally, it enhances insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, which helps the body use insulin more effectively. Metformin also has the benefit of reducing plasma triglyceride levels. However, it does not directly enhance insulin release from the B-cells of the pancreas. Instead, it primarily targets the liver and peripheral tissues to improve glucose control.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A glucosidase inhibitor (Acarbose) is
- A.
Antihypertensive drugs
- B.
Insulin releasing drug
- C.
Antithyroid agent
- D.
Non of the above.
Correct Answer
D. Non of the above.Explanation
The correct answer is "Non of the above." Acarbose is a glucosidase inhibitor, which means it inhibits the action of the enzyme glucosidase. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars. By inhibiting this enzyme, acarbose helps to slow down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, leading to a decrease in postprandial blood glucose levels. It is commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Which of the following about a-glucosidase inhibitors is not true?
- A.
They have a direct effect on insulin release.
- B.
They slow the digestion of complex carbohydrates in GIT.
- C.
Can be used with oral hypoglycacmic drugs
- D.
Their common adverse effects are flatulence and bloating.
- E.
Miglitol is one example of these drugs.
Correct Answer
A. They have a direct effect on insulin release.Explanation
a-glucosidase inhibitors do not have a direct effect on insulin release. Instead, they slow the digestion of complex carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This leads to a slower release of glucose into the bloodstream, helping to control blood sugar levels. They can be used in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs to further manage diabetes. Common adverse effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors include flatulence and bloating. One example of these drugs is miglitol.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Acarbose is
- A.
Drug that increase complex carbohydrate absorption from GlT.
- B.
Drug that inhibits lactase enzyme.
- C.
Drug that inhibits MAO-B selectivity.
- D.
Abdominal distention and flatulence are common adverse effects
Correct Answer
D. Abdominal distention and flatulence are common adverse effectsExplanation
Acarbose is a drug that is known to cause abdominal distention and flatulence as common adverse effects. This means that when taking Acarbose, it is likely that patients may experience bloating and excessive gas in the abdomen. These side effects are commonly reported with the use of Acarbose and should be taken into consideration when prescribing or using this medication.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Which of the following oral hypoglycaemic agents can cause lactic acidosis?
- A.
Tolbutamide
- B.
Glyburide
- C.
Glipizide
- D.
Phenfomine
Correct Answer
D. PhenfomineExplanation
Phenformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent that has been associated with an increased risk of lactic acidosis. Lactic acidosis is a rare but serious side effect that can occur when there is an accumulation of lactic acid in the body. This can lead to symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain. Therefore, out of the given options, only Phenformin can cause lactic acidosis.Rate this question:
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