1.
The journalist may print what he wishes about others, but if that information is wrong and harmful to others' reputation, that writer must suffer the consequences. Such protection for subjects of stories comes under the auspices of which of the following acts?
Correct Answer
D. Defamation
Explanation
The question fits the definition of defamation. Freedom of Information allows press access to public documents. Property Protection Act does not exist. Offending effrontery has to do with obscenity.
2.
In some instances, journalists may find that there is a conflict between the 1st Amendment and the 6th Amendment, the latter having to do with
Correct Answer
B. The right to a speedy public trial
Explanation
Right to a speedy public trial is the subject of the 6th Amendment and when journalists try to cover trials, there can be sometimes a conflict between freedom of the press and a fair trial. The right to bear arms is the 2nd Amendment. Privacy is a protection not afforded by the constitution and its amendments.
3.
Copyright laws protects
Correct Answer
D. All of the above
Explanation
Copyright laws protect all of the above, which includes literary works, musical works (including any accompanying words), and sound recordings. These laws are in place to provide legal protection and rights to creators and owners of these works, ensuring that they have the exclusive rights to reproduce, distribute, display, and perform their creations. This protection encourages creativity and innovation by granting creators the ability to control and profit from their work, while also promoting the availability and accessibility of such works to the public.
4.
Johann Gutenberg was known as
Correct Answer
C. The inventor of moveable type, first producing the Bible
Explanation
Gutenberg was the inventor of the moveable type, which made possible the printing and multiple copies of written works. The person who translated the Bible from German to English was primarily William Tyndale.
5.
A desktop publisher is
Correct Answer
B. A computer program that allows a writer to lay out, illustrate, and create different typefaces
Explanation
A desktop publisher refers to a computer program that enables a writer to perform various tasks related to designing and formatting documents. This program allows the user to arrange text, graphics, and other elements on a page, as well as add illustrations and choose from different typefaces or fonts. It provides the necessary tools and features for creating visually appealing and professional-looking documents. Therefore, the correct answer is "a computer program that allows a writer to lay out, illustrate, and create different typefaces."
6.
Most of the daily newspapers in the United States are:
Correct Answer
A. Morning papers
Explanation
Morning papers outnumber evening papers 766 to 727. There are fewer evening papers, only 727 compared to 766 morning dailies. All-day dailies are classified as either morning or evening papers, although there may be several editions during the day. Only about 60% of morning and evening dailies have Sunday/weekend editions; but a weekend/Sunday paper is not a daily paper, as was asked in the question.
7.
The largest circulated daily newspaper in the U.S. is:
Correct Answer
B. The Wall Street Journal
Explanation
The Wall Street Journal has a circulation of nearly 1.8 million. USA Today is second with a circulation of 1.67 million. The New York Times is third, with 1.08 million. The Washington Post is fifth, with 763,000.
8.
A joint operating agreement provides for:
Correct Answer
A. Competing newspapers to combine their circulation and advertising but leave their editorial functions separate
Explanation
A is the definition of a joint operating agreement. Other choices are bogus and have no specific terms identified with the choice.
9.
Muckrakers were
Correct Answer
B. American journalists, novelists and critics, who, in the early 1900s attempted to expose the abuses of business and the corruption of politics
Explanation
Muckrakers were American journalists, novelists, and critics who, in the early 1900s, attempted to expose the abuses of business and the corruption of politics. They used their platforms to shed light on societal issues and bring attention to the wrongdoings of powerful individuals and institutions. Through their investigative reporting and literature, they aimed to provoke change and improve society.
10.
Tabloid newspapers are those that:
Correct Answer
B. Have a printing format that uses pages that are about half the size of a traditional newspaper page
Explanation
Answer B connotes the origin of the word tabloid, although many tabloid newspapers have come to be associated with sensationalism and include many photographs. Answer A is not necessarily true because many tabloids carry extensive news of current events.
11.
Since the middle of the 20th century, the number of cities with more than one daily newspaper has
Correct Answer
B. Decreased
Explanation
The number of cities with dailies has actually decreased since the middle of the 20th century, from 181 to 33.
12.
Of all types of magazines, the one with the most rapid growth (1989-2000) is:
Correct Answer
D. Comics
Explanation
Comics grew from 299 titles during that time period. While the other choices all had growth, none grew as fast as comics. Health magazines grew by 266 titles. Women's magazines grew by 221 titles. Environment and ecology magazines grew by 260 titles.
13.
The top U.S. circulated magazine is:
Correct Answer
A. Modern Maturity
Explanation
Modern Maturity is largest, with a circulation of over 20 million. Reader's Digest is second with 12.5 million. TV Guide is third with 10 million. Time is tenth with just over 4 million.
14.
In advertising, CPM is:
Correct Answer
C. Cost per thousand
Explanation
Cost per thousand is the basic measurement of advertising efficiency; m = 1,000.
15.
The basis of the recording industry today, the phonograph was invented by
Correct Answer
C. Thomas A. Edison
Explanation
Edison is the inventor of the phonograph. DeForest experimented with both voiced transmissions and the use of various frequencies, including those which are now part of the FM band. Marconi first transmitted signals with successful reception and later conducted successful trans-Atlantic tests. Al Jolson was a vaudeville actor who performed in blackface, eventually appearing in the first sound motion picture.
16.
This type of radio transmission broadcasts on the frequency of 550 to 1700 kilohertz:
Correct Answer
A. AM radio
Explanation
This is the frequency of AM radio. FM is 88 - 108 (MHz). Short wave is 5.0-26.1 MHz. Citizens band (CB) is 29.96 - 27.41 MHz.
17.
This company was a patent trust formed in 1919, which required parties interested in setting up a broadcast operation to pay money for the rights to do so.
Correct Answer
B. Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
Explanation
RCA was just such a trust. GE was the manufacturing arm and was broken up by the courts from RCA. Emerson was also an early manufacturer of radios. CBS was a radio network which offered programming to links of radio stations.
18.
This act gave the Secretary of Commerce the right to issue licenses to parties interested in radio broadcasting and to decide which radio frequencies should be used for which types of services:
Correct Answer
A. Radio Act of 1912
Explanation
The Radio Act of 1912 is correct. The Radio Act of 1927 set up the Federal Radio Commission. The Communications Act of 1934 set up the Federal Communications Commission.
19.
O & O Stations are those
Correct Answer
D. Owned and operated by a network that provides a regular schedule of programming
Explanation
O & O means owned and operated by a network. O & O stations do have sanction by the FCC to operate. Companies with public stock have nothing to do with being O & O.
20.
Which U.S. president used radio to provide fireside chats to reassure citizens in hard times?
Correct Answer
B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
Explanation
Franklin D. Roosevelt used radio with what he called fireside chats, reassuring Americans during the great depression and mobilizing them to fight Japan and Germany during World War II. Hoover was president earlier and was the Secretary of Commerce who licensed the radio stations before there was a government agency to do so. Harry S. Truman was the president who succeeded Roosevelt. Eisenhower was president after Truman; neither or the latter two were known for fireside chats.
21.
This term describes an activity in which promotion personnel pay money to radio DJs in order to ensure that they will devote airtime to artists that their recording companies represent:
Correct Answer
C. Payola
Explanation
The term payola is what's defined in the question; it became illegal in the late 1950s. Networking is the stringing of stations together for programming purposes. Conglomerating is the concentration of stations ownership. Musicjacking is bogus.
22.
Clear Channel and Infinity are the names of two organizations that:
Correct Answer
C. Are large radio networks-conglomerates
Explanation
These two companies are the two largest radio networks, each with several hundred stations.
23.
The radio format most common, or used by the largest number of stations today is
Correct Answer
A. Country
Explanation
Country music format is the most common, with over 2,000 stations using that format. News and talk is used by just under 1,000 stations. Adult contemporary stations number 743. Religious stations number 714.
24.
About 80% of radio listening occurs where?
Correct Answer
C. In cars and vehicles on the road
Explanation
80% of radio listening occurs in cars and on-road vehicles.
25.
In music technology, the format for compressing a sound sequence into a very small file (about one-twelfth the size of the original file) while preserving the original level of sound quality when it is played is:
Correct Answer
B. MP3
Explanation
MP3 is the correct answer because it is a widely used audio format that allows for the compression of sound sequences into smaller files without significant loss in sound quality. It achieves this by removing or reducing certain parts of the audio that are less perceptible to the human ear. This compression allows for easier storage and transmission of audio files, making MP3 a popular choice for music distribution and playback.
26.
An example of an agency that exists to make sure that publishers, songwriters, and artists are compensated for their artistry is:
Correct Answer
C. ASCAP
Explanation
ASCAP (American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers) is the only licensing agency that compensates artists.
27.
In the media, as well as other businesses, an organization's control over a product from production through distribution to exhibition is known as:
Correct Answer
B. Vertical integration
Explanation
Vertical integration refers to an organization's control over a product's entire supply chain, from production to distribution to exhibition. This means that the organization owns or controls all stages of the production process, allowing for greater efficiency, cost control, and coordination. This strategy enables the organization to have complete control over the quality, pricing, and availability of its product, ultimately leading to increased market power and potential for higher profits.
28.
The licensing of mass media material to outlets on a market-to-market basis is known as:
Correct Answer
A. Syndication
Explanation
Syndication refers to the process of licensing mass media material, such as television shows or newspaper columns, to outlets on a market-to-market basis. This allows the content to be distributed and broadcasted across multiple outlets, reaching a wider audience. Networking refers to the act of establishing connections and relationships with others, while license lending and outlet rating are not accurate terms to describe the given scenario.
29.
The motion picture rating most common with films released today is:
Correct Answer
D. R
Explanation
R-rated films are the most commonly released. Over one-half of the thousands of films rated since 1968 have received an R rating. Other choices are of a lower proportion, with G and PG films together accounting for one-third.
30.
This person began a television station in Atlanta, but made it a nation-wide superstation by offering it by satellite to cable systems.
Correct Answer
B. Ted Turner
Explanation
Ted Turner is the correct answer because he started a television station in Atlanta, which later became the nation-wide superstation known as TBS (Turner Broadcasting System). He achieved this by offering his station's programming via satellite to cable systems across the country. Ted Turner is well-known for his contributions to the media industry, including the founding of CNN (Cable News Network) and the establishment of Turner Entertainment Networks.
31.
This person started a fourth TV network to compete with the long-existing three networks of ABC, CBS, and NBC.
Correct Answer
C. Rupert Murdock
Explanation
Chris Craft is the name of a group of stations. Art Linkletter is the name of an early TV host.
32.
Today, ABC Television is owned by:
Correct Answer
D. Disney
Explanation
Disney Company owns ABC-TV. Viacom owns CBS. General Electric owns NBC. AOL/Time Warner owns HBO as well as a number of magazines.
33.
The Discovery Channel is an example of
Correct Answer
C. A cable network
Explanation
The Discovery Channel does not broadcast its signal; thus, it is not a broadcast station or a superstation.
34.
The technology that allows a household to receive one hundred or more television signals is
Correct Answer
B. DBS
Explanation
This household system is DBS, Direct Broadcast Satellite.
35.
The television technology that allows the display of picture quality similar to that of 35-millimeter movies with sound quality similar to that of a compact disc:
Correct Answer
D. HDTV
Explanation
HDTV, high definition television, is what is described in the question.
36.
The electronic technology that generates, stores and processes data in the form of strings or 0s and 1s:
Correct Answer
A. Digital
Explanation
Digital technology refers to the use of electronic systems that manipulate and process data in the form of binary code, consisting of strings of 0s and 1s. This technology is widely used in various devices and systems, such as computers, smartphones, and digital cameras. It allows for efficient storage, transmission, and manipulation of data, making it a fundamental component of modern information technology. The other options, analog, high fi, and pay per view, do not specifically refer to the generation, storage, and processing of data in binary form.
37.
In television ratings, this is the measure of the percentage of TV sets in the United States that are tuned to a specific show
Correct Answer
C. National rating point
Explanation
Reach is the percentage of the entire target audience to which a media outlet will circulate. Household share is the percentage of households in which a particular channel was turned on. People rating is the particular demographic category of individuals within each household.
38.
Some of the best TV programs can be seen during sweeps, which is
Correct Answer
B. When there is a nationwide survey of viewing habits, four times a year, as performed by A.C. Nielsen Company
Explanation
Sweeps refers to a period when there is a nationwide survey of viewing habits conducted by the A.C. Nielsen Company. This survey is performed four times a year and helps networks determine the popularity and viewership of their programs. During sweeps, networks showcase their best programs in order to attract more viewers and increase their ratings. This explanation fits with the given answer choice.
39.
When a TV network wishes to make a program popular, it may do so by having an already established and popular program air just before it, believing that viewers will keep their sets on the same channel. This is known as
Correct Answer
A. Hammocking
Explanation
Hammocking is the placement of a new program between two popular ones. Primetime is the evening viewing period (8-11PM), when TV has its largest audience. Day-part scheduling is simply the segment of a day as defined by programmers and marketers.
40.
Placing the same show at the same time, five days a week, giving it some predictability is known as
Correct Answer
B. Stripping
Explanation
Stripping refers to the practice of broadcasting the same show at the same time, five days a week, in order to establish a regular and predictable schedule for viewers. This allows the show to build a consistent audience and gain popularity. Syndication, on the other hand, refers to the process of selling the rights to broadcast a show to multiple networks or stations. Formatting involves structuring the content of a show or program in a specific way, while piloting refers to producing a test episode to gauge audience interest and potential success.
41.
In television rating, which one is for mature audiences only?
Correct Answer
D. TVM
42.
The systematic investigation of the reason people purchase products is known as
Correct Answer
C. Motivational research
Explanation
Motivational research refers to the systematic investigation of the reasons behind people's purchasing decisions. It involves studying consumer behavior, attitudes, and motivations in order to understand what influences their choices. This research helps businesses identify the needs and desires of their target audience, allowing them to develop effective marketing strategies and create products that meet consumer demands. Subliminal persuasion, public relations, and advertising globalization are not specifically focused on understanding the reasons behind consumer purchases, making them incorrect options.
43.
Which medium accounts for where the most advertising dollars are spent?
Correct Answer
B. Broadcast TV
Explanation
Broadcast TV, with about $60 billion per year, receives the largest proportion of advertising revenue. The internet accounts for about $5 billion.
44.
Generally, an advertising agency
Correct Answer
D. Creates advertising and arranges for their placement in media that accept payment for the exhibiting of those ads.
Explanation
Ad agencies generally both create and place advertising.
45.
Psychographic data are those which are
Correct Answer
C. Information that links demograpHic categories to personality characteristics of an audience.
Explanation
Psychographic data refers to information that connects demographic categories, such as age, gender, and income, to the personality traits, values, attitudes, and behaviors of a particular audience. This type of data helps marketers understand the motivations and preferences of their target audience on a deeper level, allowing them to create more personalized and effective advertising campaigns. Unlike subliminal persuasion or visual stimuli, psychographic data focuses on understanding the psychological aspects of consumer behavior and tailoring marketing strategies accordingly.
46.
An argument consisting of two premises and a conclusion drawn by deductive inference is
Correct Answer
B. A syllogism
Explanation
Immediate inference is the ability to describe the activity between personal experiences, data, facts, region of the referent, and related phenomena. A true premise is the fact that may be a premise of a syllogism. A proposition is a plan, proposal, or scheme suggested for acceptance.
47.
Filling a story with details to make something seem very real is
Correct Answer
C. Verisimilitude
Explanation
Induction is reasoning leading to a conclusion about all members of a class from examination of only a few members of a class. Fiction comes from the invention of details, rather than true account. Flashback is a reversion to previously depicted events in a story.
48.
To determine or test the truth or accuracy of a claim by comparison, investigation, or reference:
Correct Answer
A. Verify
Explanation
Belie is to tell lies or cover up. Recall is to bring back without regard to verifying its truth. Disprove is to show something as not true or actual.
49.
In preparing a PowerPoint presentation, you discover some material perfectly suited for your use. However, it is marked with ©. This means that
Correct Answer
D. This material is copyrighted and its reproduction is protected by law.
50.
Phatic communication is
Correct Answer
C. Communication symbolized by friendly social interest in the people one is with
Explanation
Phatic communication refers to a type of communication that is symbolized by friendly social interest in the people one is with. It involves engaging in small talk, using pleasantries, and expressing social niceties to establish and maintain social bonds. This form of communication focuses on building rapport and creating a comfortable atmosphere rather than conveying specific information or persuading the other party. It can be both verbal and non-verbal, depending on the context and cultural norms.