Food and Nutrition 3rd edition - Chapter 35 Testbank | Attempts: 233

2.

Kwashiorkor is:

Primarily a deficiency of energy
More common in young children before 18 months of age
Often seen when the weaning diet is cassava based
Is a severe form of Vitamin D deficiency
Is mostly an issue in developed countries

Correct Answer

A. Often seen when the weaning diet is cassava based

Explanation

Kwashiorkor is often seen when the weaning diet is cassava based. This means that when infants are introduced to solid foods, if their diet consists mainly of cassava, they are at a higher risk of developing kwashiorkor. Cassava is a starchy root vegetable that is low in protein and essential nutrients, which can lead to malnutrition and the development of kwashiorkor. This condition is more common in young children before 18 months of age, and it is not primarily a deficiency of energy. It is also not a severe form of Vitamin D deficiency, and it is more prevalent in developing countries rather than developed countries.

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3.

The most informative and widely used measure to determine the severity of protein energy malnutrition in young children living in developing countries is:

Weight for age
Weight for height
Skin fold thickness
BMI
Urinary protein metabolites

Correct Answer

A. Weight for height

Explanation

Weight for height is the most informative and widely used measure to determine the severity of protein energy malnutrition in young children living in developing countries. This measure assesses the child's weight in relation to their height, which helps identify if they are underweight or wasted. It is a useful indicator as it reflects acute malnutrition and can be easily measured and interpreted in resource-limited settings.

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4.

BMI is a useful tool for assessing protein-energy malnutrition in adults because:

It can show changes in body mass relative to height
It allows comparisons between ethnic groups
It allows comparison between age groups
It can demonstrate muscle wasting
It can demonstrate subcutaneous fat loss

Correct Answer

A. It can show changes in body mass relative to height

Explanation

BMI is a useful tool for assessing protein-energy malnutrition in adults because it can show changes in body mass relative to height. BMI is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. This measurement takes into account both weight and height, allowing for an assessment of body mass relative to height. This is important in assessing malnutrition as it can indicate if a person's weight is appropriate for their height, which can be indicative of protein-energy malnutrition.

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5.

Key features of marasmus include:

Pitting oedema
Presence of some subcutaneous fat
Wrinkly skin
Flaky skin
All of the above

Correct Answer

A. Wrinkly skin

Explanation

Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition that is characterized by a significant deficiency in calories, protein, and other essential nutrients. It primarily affects infants and young children. One of the key features of marasmus is wrinkly skin. This occurs due to the loss of subcutaneous fat and muscle mass, leading to a shrunken appearance. Pitting edema, the accumulation of fluid in the tissues causing an indentation when pressed, is not a characteristic of marasmus. Similarly, the presence of some subcutaneous fat and flaky skin are not specific to marasmus. Therefore, the correct answer is wrinkly skin.

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6.

Which of the following factors influence the prevalence of malnutrition in many countries?

Political
Environmental
Disease
Cultural
All of the above

Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

All of the factors listed (political, environmental, disease, and cultural) can influence the prevalence of malnutrition in many countries. Political factors such as government policies and stability can impact access to food and resources. Environmental factors such as climate change and natural disasters can affect agricultural production and food availability. Disease, including both infectious diseases and chronic illnesses, can contribute to malnutrition by affecting nutrient absorption and increasing nutrient requirements. Cultural factors such as traditional food practices and beliefs can also impact dietary choices and nutrient intake. Therefore, all of these factors can play a role in the prevalence of malnutrition in many countries.

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1

7.

During starvation, body protein is broken down to:

Supply glucose to the brain and red blood cells
Conserve fat stores for insulation
Provide essential amino acids for protein synthesis
Conserve liver glycogen stores
Reduce oedema

Correct Answer

A. Supply glucose to the brain and red blood cells

Explanation

During starvation, the body protein is broken down to supply glucose to the brain and red blood cells. This is because glucose is the primary source of energy for these vital organs. When the body is deprived of food, it starts breaking down protein from muscles and other tissues to produce glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. This ensures that the brain and red blood cells receive a constant supply of glucose to maintain their functions.

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8.

Failure to thrive may result from:

Congenital and acquired disorders
Psycho-social factors
Constitutional shortness
Chronic disease
All of the above

Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

Failure to thrive refers to a condition where a child's growth and development are significantly below what is considered normal for their age. This can be caused by various factors, including congenital and acquired disorders, psycho-social factors, constitutional shortness, and chronic diseases. Congenital and acquired disorders can affect the child's ability to absorb nutrients or cause other physical abnormalities. Psycho-social factors, such as neglect or abuse, can lead to inadequate nutrition and emotional support. Constitutional shortness refers to a natural variation in height and growth potential. Chronic diseases, such as gastrointestinal disorders or heart conditions, can interfere with nutrient absorption and overall health. Therefore, all of these factors can contribute to failure to thrive.

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9.

Which of the following is recommended as a long term measure to address malnutrition?

Feeding programs
Improved economic growth
Artificial nutrition support
Treatment of infections
Management of electrolytes

Correct Answer

A. Improved economic growth

Explanation

Improved economic growth is recommended as a long term measure to address malnutrition because it can lead to increased income and employment opportunities, which in turn can improve access to nutritious food and healthcare services. When the economy grows, people have more resources to purchase nutritious food, invest in agricultural production, and improve healthcare infrastructure. This can help reduce poverty and inequality, which are underlying causes of malnutrition. Additionally, economic growth can lead to improved education and awareness about nutrition, as well as better sanitation and hygiene practices, all of which contribute to better nutritional outcomes.

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10.

Which of the following is NOT typically a cause of protein-energy malnutrition?

Insufficient food
Minor surgery
Sequelae of disease states e.g cancer
Worm infestations
Diarrhoeal disease

Correct Answer

A. Minor surgery

Explanation

Minor surgery is not typically a cause of protein-energy malnutrition. Protein-energy malnutrition is usually caused by factors such as insufficient food intake, sequelae of disease states like cancer, worm infestations, and diarrheal disease. Minor surgery, although it may temporarily affect a person's appetite or ability to eat, is not a primary cause of protein-energy malnutrition.

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Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 35 Testbank

Protein-energy malnutrition in children is often accompanied by:

Quiz Preview

Kwashiorkor is:

The most informative and widely used measure to determine the severity of protein energy malnutrition in young children living in developing countries is:

BMI is a useful tool for assessing protein-energy malnutrition in adults because:

Key features of marasmus include:

Which of the following factors influence the prevalence of malnutrition in many countries?

During starvation, body protein is broken down to:

Failure to thrive may result from:

Which of the following is recommended as a long term measure to address malnutrition?

Which of the following is NOT typically a cause of protein-energy malnutrition?