Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 24 Testbank

The 1995 National Health Survey found that there was a decrease in the number of children eating breakfast as they got older. Therefore, public health nutrition campaigns should aim to increase children's intake of energy, protein, calcium, and iron, as all of these nutrients are important for growth and development. By promoting the consumption of a balanced breakfast that includes these nutrients, these campaigns can help improve children's overall nutrition and health.

Toddlers refusing foods or limiting their intake to 1-2 foods is usually self-limiting. This means that it is a common behavior among toddlers and is typically temporary. It is a normal part of their development as they explore their tastes and preferences. It is important for parents to offer a variety of healthy foods and continue to encourage a balanced diet, as most toddlers will eventually outgrow this phase and begin to eat a wider range of foods.

Milk and dairy products do not contribute significantly to Australian children's iron intake because they are not a rich source of iron. Iron is mainly found in foods such as meat and meat products, breakfast cereals, bread, and vegetables. While milk and dairy products are important for overall nutrition, they do not provide a significant amount of iron compared to other food groups.

The correct answer is "All of the above" because all of the listed options are commonly encountered nutritional related concerns during childhood and adolescence. Unusual eating patterns can lead to nutrient deficiencies, anemia can be caused by a lack of iron in the diet, dental caries can result from excessive consumption of sugary foods and poor oral hygiene, and obesity is a growing concern due to unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles.

Young children who demand large quantities of cow's milk or dairy products in preference to all other foods are at risk of developing anaemia. This is because excessive consumption of cow's milk can lead to iron deficiency, which is a common cause of anaemia in children. Cow's milk is low in iron and can also interfere with the absorption of iron from other foods. Therefore, relying heavily on cow's milk or dairy products can result in a lack of iron in the diet, leading to anaemia.

Chewing sugar free gum after meals has the least potential to produce tooth decay because it stimulates saliva production, which helps to wash away food particles and neutralize acids in the mouth. Saliva also contains minerals that can help to strengthen tooth enamel. Additionally, sugar free gum does not contain added sugars that can contribute to tooth decay. Therefore, chewing sugar free gum after meals can actually be beneficial for oral health.

Infants have the highest requirement per kg of body weight for energy because they are growing rapidly and have a higher metabolic rate compared to other age groups. Infants need more energy to support their rapid growth, brain development, and overall physiological functions.

Providing a very low energy diet is not a suitable recommendation when treating childhood obesity because it can be harmful to a child's growth and development. Children need a balanced and nutritious diet to support their physical and cognitive development. Restricting their energy intake too much can lead to nutrient deficiencies and other health issues. It is important to focus on promoting healthy eating habits, limiting high-fat foods, encouraging physical activity, and involving the family in the treatment plan.

Children who prefer to drink orange juice instead of water are more likely to develop dental caries because the natural sugars present in the juice can be fermented by bacteria in the mouth, leading to the formation of plaque. Plaque is a sticky film that adheres to the teeth and can cause tooth decay. The longer the juice remains in contact with the teeth, the greater the risk of dental caries. Additionally, increased saliva production does not directly contribute to the development of dental caries.

During the adolescent growth spurt, there is great variation in the time of onset, with some individuals experiencing it earlier or later than others. The duration of the growth spurt is commonly 2 to 2.5 years. The average boy grows 20cm taller, while the average girl gains 16kg in weight. However, weight gain does not generally peak 3 months earlier than height during this period.