Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 25 Testbank

Lightweight emergency food supplies should contain foods that are very high in carbohydrates because carbohydrates provide quick energy and are essential for survival in emergency situations. Dried apricots are an example of an appropriate food as they are high in carbohydrates and can provide a good source of energy in a compact and lightweight form.

The skills and agility required in gymnastics necessitate young gymnasts to have a small, well-muscled body with low body fat. This is because being small and light provides aesthetic advantages and allows for better performance in gymnastics. To maintain their physique, gymnasts severely limit their food intake, focusing more on skill and technical training rather than aerobic exercise. This practice can lead to various health issues such as amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), anemia (low red blood cell count), stress fractures (due to weakened bones), and stunted growth. Therefore, all of the mentioned options can be consequences of the practice of severely limiting food intake in gymnastics.

Blood doping has been shown to improve athletic performance by increasing the haematocrit or the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Haematocrit refers to the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. By increasing the number of red blood cells, blood doping enhances the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, allowing athletes to deliver more oxygen to their muscles during exercise. This can result in improved endurance and performance.

The most recent scientific knowledge identifies the ideal exercise fluid as 5–10% carbohydrate, high glycaemic index, small amount of electrolytes, particularly sodium. This combination provides athletes with the necessary carbohydrates for energy, while the high glycaemic index ensures quick absorption and utilization of the carbohydrates. The small amount of electrolytes, especially sodium, helps to replenish the electrolytes lost through sweat during exercise. This balance of carbohydrates and electrolytes is crucial for optimal performance and hydration during physical activity.

The elite triathlete suggested that popular sports drinks contain inadequate amounts of salt and that current guidelines for fluid intake are overstated. He recommended athletes take salt supplements and drink when thirsty. This advice may lead to diminished performance, dehydration, gastric upset, and even heat stroke with the risk of death. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above." The mention of "2nd & 3rd trimesters" at the end of the answer is unrelated to the context and seems to be a mistake or irrelevant information.

Athletes competing in moderate length events repeated in the same day, such as basketball championships, will benefit from consuming high GI carbohydrate foods between events. High GI carbohydrates are quickly digested and absorbed, leading to a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. This helps replenish glycogen stores more efficiently, providing the athlete with a quick source of energy for subsequent events. Low GI carbohydrate foods, on the other hand, are digested and absorbed more slowly, making them less ideal for rapid glycogen replenishment. Consuming a mix of high and low GI carbohydrate foods may not provide the same immediate energy boost as high GI foods alone. Water only and higher fat foods do not provide the necessary carbohydrates for glycogen replenishment.

Water is the most beneficial item to consume during 45 minutes of continuous heavy work output because it helps to maintain hydration levels in the body, which is essential for optimal performance and productivity. Water helps to regulate body temperature, lubricate joints, transport nutrients, and flush out toxins. It is a calorie-free and natural option that does not contain any added sugars or artificial ingredients, making it a healthier choice compared to juice, soft drinks, high GI sports drinks, or high protein sports bars.

The ideal pre-event breakfast for a triathlon should provide a balance of carbohydrates for energy and a small amount of protein for sustained energy. White bread with jam/honey (no margarine) is a good choice as it provides easily digestible carbohydrates from the bread and a small amount of natural sugars from the jam/honey. This combination can help fuel the muscles without causing digestive discomfort during the race. Additionally, the absence of margarine helps reduce the intake of unnecessary fats.

The correct answer is only gentle exercise on a daily basis, such as brisk walking. This is because the question asks about the amount of exercise required to maintain metabolic fitness. Brisk walking is a form of moderate intensity aerobic exercise that can be done on a daily basis. This level of exercise is sufficient to maintain metabolic fitness and reap substantial health benefits. The other options mentioned, such as jogging, resistance weight training, and high intensity exercise, may provide additional benefits but are not necessary for maintaining metabolic fitness.

Sodium is the most critical requirement for survival as it plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions. Without sufficient sodium, the body cannot function properly. Food energy is the next important requirement as it provides the necessary fuel for the body to carry out its functions. Vitamin C and certain B-vitamins are also essential for survival as they are involved in various metabolic processes and play a role in maintaining overall health.