1.
The corners of life that people occupy, such as jobs, income, education, gender, age, and race, are referred to as the social imperative.
2.
Sociologists often use "common sense" to understand the way the world "is".
3.
Herbert Spencer believed the most capable and intelligent members of a society would survive while the weak and less capable would die, thus improving society, in a master plan he called "the survival of the fittest"
4.
Emile Durkheim identified the degree of social integration as the primary variable to explain different rates of suicide within different European nations.
5.
According to Max Weber, the "sign" Calvinists looked for as an indication they were saved was their successful investment in capital.
6.
Sociology places no importance on ethics and values during research.
7.
Ethnocentrism is purely a negative trait with no redeeming qualities.
8.
A person who professes a belief in freedom and equality but also demonstrates behavior that is sexist and racist is involved in value contradiction.
9.
Ascribed status is involuntary and achieved status is voluntary.
10.
All master statuses are achieved statuses.
11.
Some people have a contradiction or a mismatch between their statuses.
12.
The difference between role and status is that we occupy a status and play a role.
13.
Stereotypes deeply influence how we react to one another.
14.
When experiencing groupthink, people take on a collective tunnel vision and are convinced there is only one right viewpoint with a single course of action.
15.
Sociologist Ervin Goffman (1963) used the term stigma to refer to characteristics that discredit people, including violations of norms of ability and violations of norms of appearance.
16.
Human sexuality illustrates how a group's definitions of an act, not the act itself, determines whether or not it is considered deviant.
17.
By employing techniques of neutralization, even the most dedicated deviants can view themselves as conformists, or non-deviants.
18.
Functionalists believe deviance has no useful purpose in society and only contributes to social chaos.
19.
In a caste system, social stratification is based on ascribed status.
20.
In a class system, there is little opportunity for movement between classes.
21.
In contrast to most other stratification systems, Karl Marx's system had only two classes, each depending on the individual's relationship to the means of production.
22.
Wealth and income are interchangeable terms, each meaning the same in reference to social class.
23.
Lower-class parents encourage their children to be creative as they grow up, while middle class parents focus on having their children defer to authority.
24.
The higher a person's position on the social class ladder, the more likely they will become a victim of crime.
25.
In exchange mobility, about the same number of people move up and down the social class ladder, which results in the overall social-class system showing little change.