FC Paramedic School Drug Quiz

Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) is indicated for the relief of bronchospasms associated with asthma and COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema unresponsive to treatment with Albuterol alone. It is not indicated for bradycardia, tachycardia, unstable cardiovascular status, AMI, acute hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, or organophosphate poisonings.

Glucagon is a hormone that is released by the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. It acts to increase blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenesis, which is the process of converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver. This stored glycogen can then be broken down into glucose and released into the bloodstream when needed. Therefore, the statement that glucagon increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenesis is true.

The contraindications for Glucagon administration are hypersensitivity and hyperglycemia. This means that if a person is allergic to Glucagon or has high blood sugar levels, they should not be given Glucagon.

Glucagon is produced in the pancreas by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. It is a common drug used by Paramedics for the treatment of Hypoglycemia. Glucagon works by increasing blood sugar levels by causing the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose. This helps to raise the blood sugar levels quickly and effectively in cases of low blood sugar.

Albuterol is primarily a Beta 2 sympathomimetic, which means it stimulates the beta 2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs. This stimulation leads to relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways, resulting in bronchodilation. Albuterol is commonly used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by opening up the airways and improving breathing.

An Albuterol treatment is generally given over a period of 5-15 minutes. This duration allows enough time for the medication to be effectively delivered to the lungs and provide relief for respiratory conditions such as asthma or bronchospasm. Longer durations may not be necessary as Albuterol acts quickly to open up the airways and improve breathing. Shorter durations may not provide enough time for the medication to take full effect. Therefore, the range of 5-15 minutes is considered optimal for Albuterol treatments.

Haloperidol (Haldol) is indicated in scenarios where patients are violent or impaired. Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication that is commonly used to treat symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. It can also be used to manage agitation and aggression in patients who are experiencing acute episodes of mania or psychosis. Therefore, in situations where patients are displaying violent or impaired behavior, Haloperidol may be administered to help calm and stabilize them.

The statement is true because contraindications are conditions or factors that make a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable. In this case, Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) should not be used in patients with acute narrow glaucoma, penetrating eye injuries, inability to control airway or support ventilations with oxygen and positive pressure, newborns, and hepatic or renal failure. These conditions may increase the risk of complications or have adverse effects on the patient's health.

Pediatric: 0.1mg/kg increments given via slow IV every 3-5 minutes. Titrate to pain. Administer at a rate not to exceed 1mg/min. Maintain systolic BP over age specific minimum systolic BP.

Albuterol is a medication used to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. However, it can also have effects on the heart, such as increasing heart rate. Therefore, it is contraindicated (not recommended) in patients with a heart rate over 140. This is because the medication could potentially worsen their heart condition and lead to complications.

Verapamil (Isoptin) is classified as an antiarrhythmic drug. Antiarrhythmics are medications used to treat abnormal heart rhythms by regulating the electrical activity of the heart. Verapamil specifically belongs to the calcium channel blocker class of antiarrhythmics, which work by blocking calcium channels in the heart muscle cells, thereby slowing down the heart rate and reducing the force of contractions. This helps to stabilize the heart rhythm and prevent certain types of arrhythmias.

Haloperidol (Haldol) is an antipsychotic medication that is commonly used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. A dystonic reaction is a possible side effect of haloperidol when it is administered alone. Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, which can cause abnormal postures or repetitive movements. This reaction is more likely to occur in younger individuals and can manifest as spasms of the neck, face, or tongue. Prompt recognition and treatment of dystonic reactions are essential to prevent further complications.

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) should be administered in conjunction with Haloperidol (Haldol) because it can help to prevent or reduce the side effects of Haloperidol, such as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and akathisia. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine with sedative properties that can counteract the neurological side effects of Haloperidol, making it a suitable choice to be used together with the medication.

Verapamil (Isoptin) is indicated for the treatment of Supra Ventricular Tachycardias (SVT) and Premature Atrial Tachycardias (PAT). SVT is a condition characterized by a rapid heart rate originating from the upper chambers of the heart, while PAT is a type of arrhythmia that causes rapid and irregular heartbeats. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that works by relaxing and widening the blood vessels, thereby reducing the heart rate and improving blood flow. Therefore, it is an appropriate medication for managing SVT and PAT.

Activated Charcoal (Actidose) is ONLY indicated for the ingestion of poisons and medication overdoses. The above listed materials are substances that are contraindications for Activated Charcoal (Actidose).

Vasopressin is 40U IV and is substituted for the first OR second dose of Epinephrine in cardiac arrest.

Adult: 2mg increments given via slow IV every 3-5 minutes. Titrate to pain and maintain systolic BP >90mmHg, up to a maximum dose of 10mg.

Vasopressin 40U IV/IO push can replace the first OR second dose of Epinephrine in cardiac arrests.

The correct dose for Albuterol in the adult patient is 2.5mg of Albuterol mixed with 2.5mL of NS flowed through a nebulizer at 6-8 L/min. This is the correct answer because it provides the appropriate dose of Albuterol (2.5mg) and the correct amount of normal saline (2.5mL) to be mixed together. Additionally, it specifies the flow rate of 6-8 L/min, which is the recommended rate for administering the medication through a nebulizer.

The correct dose for Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent) in the adult patient is 0.5mg added to the standard dose of Albuterol.

Morphine Sulfate is contraindicated in acute abdominal pain, hypotension (

Toradol is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with peripheral analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic actions. This action is due to inhabitation of prostaglandin synthesis.

The correct dose for Ketorolac Tromethamine (Toradol) in adult patients is 30mg IV or 60mg IM with a blood pressure (BP) greater than 90mmHG. However, if the patient is over 65 years old, the dose should be limited to 15mg IV or 30mg IM.

The correct dose for Haloperidol (Haldol) in adult patients is 5mg IM or IV. However, if the patient is over 65 years old, the dosage should be limited to 2.5mg IM or IV. This is likely because older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of the medication and may require a lower dose to minimize the risk of side effects.

The given statement is true. The pediatric dosage for Glucagon is indeed 0.025mg/kg IM. This means that the dosage of Glucagon for children is determined based on their weight, with a recommended dosage of 0.025mg for every kilogram of body weight. The medication is administered intramuscularly (IM).

The correct dose for Glucagon in adult patients is 0.5mg-1mg, and it can be administered either intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV). The most preferred route of administration is IM.

The correct answer is the first option: Adult: 2.5mg-5mg IV over 2 minutes. Repeat doses of 5mg-10mg may be given every 15-30 minutes to a max dose of 20mg. Pediatric: 0.1mg-0.2mg/kg/dose IV over 2 minutes. Repeat same dose in 30 minutes if not effective. This answer provides the appropriate dose range for both adult and pediatric patients. For adults, the initial dose is 2.5mg-5mg, with the option to repeat doses up to a maximum of 20mg. For pediatric patients, the initial dose is based on weight, ranging from 0.1mg-0.2mg/kg, with the option to repeat the same dose if needed.

Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) is a short-acting, nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant. Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants work by blocking the action of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, preventing muscle contractions. This allows for relaxation of skeletal muscles during surgical procedures or mechanical ventilation. In contrast, depolarizing muscle relaxants, such as succinylcholine, initially cause muscle depolarization before leading to relaxation. Therefore, the correct answer is nondepolarizing.

The correct answer is Onset: 15 minutes, Peak Action: 60-90 minutes, and Therapeutic Effects: 5 hours. This means that after taking Albuterol, it takes about 15 minutes for the medication to start working. The peak action occurs between 60-90 minutes after administration, which is when the medication is at its highest concentration in the body. The therapeutic effects last for approximately 5 hours, providing relief from symptoms during this time.

The correct dose for Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) in the adult patient is 0.1mg/kg IV given over 30-60 seconds. For pediatric patients, the same dose of 0.1mg/kg IV given over 30-60 seconds is recommended.

Amiodarone is a medication used to treat various cardiac arrhythmias. It is effective in treating ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib), ventricular tachycardia with a pulse (V-Tach w/ a pulse), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), and ventricular tachycardia without a pulse (V-Tach w/out a pulse). Therefore, the eligible rhythms for Amiodarone treatment are V-Fib, V-Tach w/ a pulse, SVT, and V-Tach w/out a pulse.