Biology 101: Chapter 4: Carbon & Organic Chemistry

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1. What are inorganic compounds?

Very small, simple molecules that usually dissociate in water releasing ions (electrolytes); nonliving organisms (Ex. common in cells: water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, & various inorganic salts).

Inorganic compounds are large, complex molecules that do not dissolve in water.

Inorganic compounds are organic molecules containing carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Inorganic compounds are exclusively found in living organisms.

Inorganic compounds are characterized as very small, simple molecules that dissociate in water, releasing ions. They are typically nonliving and include substances such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and various inorganic salts.

Explanation

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About This Quiz

Explore the foundational elements of organic chemistry focusing on the role of carbon. This educational content delves into the molecular structure and behavior of organic compounds, essential for... see morestudents aiming to understand biological processes and chemical reactions. see less

2. What do organic compounds contain?

Contain nitrogen and oxygen atoms.

Do not react with other elements.

Are only found in plants.

Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Organic compounds are defined by the presence of carbon and hydrogen atoms in their structure.

Explanation

Organic compounds are defined by the presence of carbon and hydrogen atoms in their structure.

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3. What are hydrocarbons?

Hydrogen molecules that consist of only carbon and oxygen atoms.

Inorganic molecules that consist of carbon and oxygen atoms.

Organic molecules that consist of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Organic molecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms.

Hydrocarbons specifically refer to organic molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms, distinguishing them from molecules containing other elements like oxygen or nitrogen.

Explanation

Hydrocarbons specifically refer to organic molecules that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms, distinguishing them from molecules containing other elements like oxygen or nitrogen.

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4. What is an Isomer?

Compounds with the same molecular formula, structure, and properties.

Compounds with different molecular formulas but the same structure and properties.

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties (Structural, Cis-trans, & Enantiomer).

Compounds with different molecular formulas and structures but the same properties.

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and properties, allowing for various types of isomerism to exist.

Explanation

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and properties, allowing for various types of isomerism to exist.

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5. What is a structural isomer?

Are identical in every way except for the orientation of their atoms.

Have different covalent agreements of their atoms.

Have the same molecular formula.

Do not share any similar properties.

Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms, leading to different chemical properties.

Explanation

Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms, leading to different chemical properties.

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6. What defines cis-trans isomerism?

Isomer that have the same spatial agreements but differ in covalent bonds.

Isomer that have different covalent bonds and spatial agreements.

Isomer that have the same covalent bond and spatial agreements.

Isomer that have different covalent bonds but the same spatial agreements.

Have the same covalent bond but differ in spatial agreements.

Cis-trans isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where the atoms making up the isomers are joined by the same covalent bonds, but the spatial arrangement of the atoms differs. This leads to different physical and chemical properties.

Explanation

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7. What is an enantiomer?

Isomers that have different molecular formulas and different structural formulas.

Isomers that are mirror images of each other.

Isomers that have the same molecular formula and the same structural formulas.

Isomers that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Enantiomers are isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, meaning they have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in three-dimensional orientation.

Explanation

Enantiomers are isomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, meaning they have the same molecular formula and connectivity but differ in three-dimensional orientation.

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8. What is a Functional Group?

The part of a company responsible for customer service.

A group of friends who share similar interests and hobbies.

A type of exercise routine for improving flexibility and strength.

Can replace the hydrogens attached to skeletons of organic molecules.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

Explanation

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

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9. What are the main differences between inorganic and organic molecules?

Inorganic molecules are always larger in size compared to organic molecules.

Organic molecules typically dissociate in water releasing ions (electrolytes).

Inorganic molecules are exclusively found in living organisms.

*Inorganic: usually dissociate in water releasing ions (electrolytes); usually ionic bonding; small, simple; nonliving matter; water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, various inorganic salts. *Organic: do not release ions when dissolved in water (non electrolytes); always covalent bonding; range from simple to colossal sized molecules; living organisms; macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Inorganic molecules can be smaller in size and may not necessarily be found in living organisms, while organic molecules do not release ions in water and are essential components of living organisms.

Explanation

Inorganic molecules can be smaller in size and may not necessarily be found in living organisms, while organic molecules do not release ions in water and are essential components of living organisms.

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10. Explain how the chemical characteristics of carbon contribute to its ability to form a variety of diverse organic molecules.

Carbon's magnetic properties enable it to attract a wide range of elements for bonding.

Fashfus

Carbon's radioactive nature leads to the spontaneous formation of diverse organic compounds.

Carbon's high density allows it to pack tightly with other elements to form organic molecules.

Carbon's unique bonding properties, such as the ability to form multiple covalent bonds and structures, make it a versatile element for organic chemistry.

Explanation

Carbon's unique bonding properties, such as the ability to form multiple covalent bonds and structures, make it a versatile element for organic chemistry.

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11. What are hydrocarbons?

The simplest organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms (Ex. methane--simplest).

Complex organic compounds containing multiple elements (such as oxygen, nitrogen, etc.)

Compounds that contain only hydrogen atoms

Compounds that contain only carbon atoms

Hydrocarbons are specifically defined as compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with the simplest example being methane.

Explanation

Hydrocarbons are specifically defined as compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with the simplest example being methane.

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12. How are gasoline and fat chemically similar?

Gasoline and fat have similar melting points.

Larger hydrocarbons form fuels fore engines, and hydrocarbons of fat molecules are important fuels for our body. Both gasoline and fats fuel something and are important sources of energy---vehicles and living things.

Gasoline and fat are both classified as carbohydrates.

Gasoline and fat are both water-soluble substances.

The correct answer highlights the similarity between the chemical composition of gasoline and fat, emphasizing their role as sources of energy and fuels for different purposes.

Explanation

The correct answer highlights the similarity between the chemical composition of gasoline and fat, emphasizing their role as sources of energy and fuels for different purposes.

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13. What are 4 different ways carbon skeletons can vary?

Circular, hydroxylated, cross-linked, helical

Length, straight, branched, and arranging in closed rings.

Carbon skeletons can vary in terms of length, shape (straight, branched, or closed rings), but they do not vary based on being circular, hydroxylated, cross-linked, or helical.

Explanation

Carbon skeletons can vary in terms of length, shape (straight, branched, or closed rings), but they do not vary based on being circular, hydroxylated, cross-linked, or helical.

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14. What are isomers? Explain the 3 different types of isomers.

Isomers are compounds with different molecular formulas but the same properties.

*Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. *3 Types:1. Structural: different covalent arrangements of their atoms. 2. Cis-trans: the same covalent bons but differ in spatial arrangement. 3. Enantiomers: isomers that are mirror images of each other.

Isomers are compounds with different molecular formulas and the same properties.

Isomers are compounds that have the same structures but different molecular formulas.

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. The three types of isomers are structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, and enantiomers.

Explanation

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. The three types of isomers are structural isomers, cis-trans isomers, and enantiomers.

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15. What are functional groups?

Can replace the hydrogens attached to skeletons of organic molecules.

Are responsible for the color of organic compounds.

Determine the pH of a substance.

Control the physical state of matter.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic chemical properties. They are primarily defined by the fact that they replace the hydrogens attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules.

Explanation

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16. How do functional groups change the chemical characteristics of organic molecules? Provide an example.

Jlifas

Functional groups only affect the physical properties of organic molecules.

Functional groups do not have any impact on organic molecules.

Functional groups decrease the reactivity of organic molecules.

Functional groups play a crucial role in determining the chemical behavior of organic molecules by introducing specific chemical properties and functional groups can significantly influence how the molecule interacts with other substances.

Explanation

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