Exercise Physiology Practice Final
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Practice Final for exercise physiology
- 1.Arteries in the coronary circulation originate
- A.
In front of pulmonary semilunar valves
- B.
Behind aortic semilunar valves
- C.
In front of AV valves
- D.
Nove of the above
- 2.After leaving the myocardium, blood from the coronary circulation enters the coronary sinus
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 3.The pulmonary circuit
- A.
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the left side of the heart via pulmonary veins
- B.
Pumps oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart via systemic arteries
- C.
Pumps oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart via pulmonary veins
- D.
Pumps deoygenated blood to the right side of the heart via pulmonary arteries
- 4.The systemic circulation begins at the left side of the heart
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 5.The myocardium receives blood from the arota
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.Cardiac muscle tissue is also known as endocardium
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 7.Function of this later of the heart serves as a lubricative outer covering
- A.
Myocardium
- B.
Pericardium
- C.
Endocardium
- D.
Epicardium
- 8.The myocardium is mainly aerobic
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 9.The energy for the myocardium is mainly carbohydrates
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 10.An untrained individual may have 30 percent of cardiac injury from a myocardial infarction
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.Ventricular Systole is the first phase of the cardiac cycle
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.Ventricular diastole is when the ventricles are relaxed/relaxing
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.During isovolumetric contraction (check all that apply)
- A.
Ventricular pressure rises
- B.
AV valves open
- C.
Ventricular pressure drops
- D.
AV valves close
- 15.During isovolumetric relaxation
- A.
Ventricles relax
- B.
Ventricular pressure drops
- C.
Atria refills
- D.
Semilunar valves close
- E.
None of the above
- 16.The atria contract during ventricular diastole
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 17.The atria relaxes during ventricular systole
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.The ventricles contract ___ sec after the atria
- A.
.01
- B.
.2
- C.
.03
- D.
.1
- E.
.3
- 19.Resting systole of the ventricles is longer than diastole
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.Systole during heavy exercise is longer than diastole during heavy exericse
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 21.The heart at rest beats at ____ bpm
- A.
70
- B.
75
- C.
50
- D.
65
- 22.During heavy exercise, the heart beats at ___ bpm
- A.
200
- B.
150
- C.
165
- D.
180
- 23.What is considered normal blood presssure?
- A.
115/75 mmHg
- B.
140/90 mmHg
- C.
120/80 mmHg
- D.
None of the above
- 24.Systolic pressure provides an indication of peripheral resistance
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 25.Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 26.Which formula is correct in calculating the Mean Arterial Pressure
- A.
MAP = DBP +.33(DBP + SBP)
- B.
MAP = DBP + .33(SBP - DBP)
- C.
MAP = SBP +.33(DBP - SBP)
- D.
MAP = SBP - .33(DBP + SBP)
- 27.Blood pressure above ____ is known as high blood pressure
- A.
140/80 mmHg
- B.
135/90 mmHg
- C.
120/80 mmHg
- D.
140/90 mmHg
- 28.Hypertension can cause(check all that apply)
- A.
Right ventricular hypertrophy
- B.
Kidney damage
- C.
Stroke
- D.
Atherosclerosis
- 29.Cardiac output and total vascular resistance influence mean arterial pressure
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 30.An increase in blood pressure results in
- A.
A decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity
- B.
An increase in parasympathetic nervous system activity
- C.
A decrease in parasympathetic nervous system activity
- D.
No change at all
- 31.Long term regulation by the mean arterial blood pressure is influenced by
- A.
The heart
- B.
The kidneys
- C.
The adrenal glands
- D.
The circulatory system
- 32.An decrease in blood pressure results in an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 33.When blood viscosity increases, blood pressure decreases
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 34.When blood volume increases, blood pressure increases
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 35.When heart rate increase, blood pressure increases
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 36.When peripheral resistance decreases, blood pressure increases
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 37.Contraction of the heart depends on electrical stimulation of the _________
- A.
Epithelium of the heart
- B.
Fibrocardium
- C.
Endothelium
- D.
Myocardium
- 38.The pacemaker of the heart is known as the _________
- A.
SA node
- B.
AV node
- C.
Bundle fibers
- D.
Purkinje fibers
- 39.The _________ consists of autorhythmic cells
- A.
AV node
- B.
SA node
- C.
Pukinje fibers
- D.
Bundle branches
- 40.Autorhythmic cells depolarize spontaneously
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 41.Baroreceptors are activated/stimulated when BP is too low
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 42.The ______ represents atrial depolarization
- A.
QRS Complex
- B.
P Wave
- C.
T Wave
- D.
ST Segment
- 43.The ECG may indicate coronary heart disease
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 44.The QRS complex represents ____________
- A.
Atrial repolarization
- B.
Atrial depolarization
- C.
Ventricular depolarization
- D.
Ventricular repolarization
- 45.An ST segment depression indicates myocardial infarction
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 46.One should stop exercise if their exercise induced ST segment is greater than 1 mm
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 47.A T wave inversion is an indicator of ischemia
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 48.Atherosclerosis is fatty plaque that narrows the aorta
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 49.The amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute is known as the _________
- A.
End Volume Systole
- B.
Frank Starling Mechanism
- C.
Stroke volume
- D.
Cardiac output
- 50.The number of beats per minute is known as the heart rate
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 51.Amount of blood ejected in each beat is known as the _______
- A.
Stroke volume
- B.
Ejection fraction
- C.
End diastolic volume
- D.
End systolic volume
- 52.The average cardiac output is 6 L/m
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 53.The vagus nerve regulates the heart rate via the sympathetic nervous system
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 54.Beta blocking drugs increase heart rate
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 55.Beta blocking drugs increase the myocardial oxygen demand
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 56.An ejection fraction of less than ___ indicates myocardial contraction
- A.
40%
- B.
55%
- C.
60%
- D.
65%
- 57.During the Frank Starling mechanism, increase preload will stretch the sarcomere from _______
- A.
1.5 - 2.0
- B.
2.0 - 2.4
- C.
1.5 - 2.1
- D.
2.0 - 2.5
- 58.Venoconstriction is stimulated by the SNS
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 59.Strength of ventricular contraction is enhanced by acetylcoline
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 60.The heart cannot be excited if the sympathetic neurons connecting to it are cut off
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 61.Plasma contains(check all that apply)
- A.
Ions
- B.
Proteins
- C.
Hormones
- D.
Red blood cells
- 62.Plasma is the portion of blood that repairs injuries
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 63.Hematocrit is a % by volume of packed blood cells after centrifugation
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 64.Resistance depends on
- A.
Length of the vessel
- B.
Radius of the vessel
- C.
Viscosity of the blood
- D.
None of the above
- 65.Blood flow is inversely proportional to resistance
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 66.Which vessels create the most resistance
- A.
Venules
- B.
Large veins
- C.
Arterioles
- D.
Capillaries
- 67.Oxygen demand by muscles during exercise is 10 - 15x greater than at rest.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 68.Max heart rate is found by subtracting ones age from 230
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 69.During exercise, the SV plateaus at approx. 40-60% of VO2 max
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 70.Sedentary individuals typically have a resting SV of
- A.
50 - 60 ml
- B.
40 - 50 ml
- C.
40 - 60 ml
- D.
60 - 70 ml
- 71.Endurance athletes typically have a stroke volume of 160 - 200 ml during exercise
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 72.Increased HR is due to an increase in cardiac output
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 73.At rest, what is the filling time of the heart?
- A.
400 - 550 ms
- B.
500 - 600 ms
- C.
600 - 800 ms
- D.
500 - 700 ms
- 74.At 150 - 200 beats per min, approx how long does it take to fill the heart
- A.
~250 ms
- B.
~100 ms
- C.
~150 ms
- D.
~200 ms
- 75.VO2 = Cardio Output x VO2 difference; which equation is this?
- A.
Fick Equation
- B.
Blow Resistance Equatio
- C.
Blood Flow Equation
- D.
Rick Equation
- E.
None of the above
- 76.At rest, ____ of blood is distributed to to muscles
- A.
20 - 25%
- B.
15 - 20%
- C.
10 - 15%
- D.
30 - 40%
- 77.During maximal exercise, 80 - 85% of blood is distributed to working muscles
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 78.Vasoconstriction to visceral organs and inactive tissues are due to the SNS
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 79.Nitric Oxide is produced in the mesothelium
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 80._______ promotes smooth muscle relaxation
- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Sympathetic nerves
- C.
Nitric oxide
- D.
None of the above
- 81.At the onset of exercise, parasympathetic nerves fire thus increasing the HR
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 82.As the VO2 max increase the double product decreases
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 83.A rough index of workload on the heart is also known as
- A.
Afterload
- B.
Total peripheral resistance
- C.
Double product
- D.
Blood pressure
- 84.During incremental exercise (check all that apply)
- A.
Diastolic pressure increases
- B.
Diastolic pressure remains fairly constant
- C.
Systolic pressure increases
- D.
Systolic pressure drops
- 85.During prolonged exercise, cardiac output is decreases
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 86.During prolonged exercise, the cardiac output is maintained due to a decrease in stroke volume and an increase in HR.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 87.Receptors that are sensitive to force and speed of muscular movement
- A.
Baroreceptors
- B.
Muscle mechanoreceptors
- C.
Heart mechanoreceptors
- D.
Muscle chemoreceptors
- 88.Receptors that are sensitive to muscle metabolites
- A.
Barorecptors
- B.
Heart mechanoreceptors
- C.
Muscle mechanoreceptors
- D.
Muscle chemoreceptors
- 89.Receptors that are sensitive to change in arterial blood pressure.
- A.
Heart chemoreceptors
- B.
Muscle mechanorecptors
- C.
Baroreceptors
- D.
Muscle chemoreceptors
- 90.Random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an are of lower concentration is known as osmosis
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 91.The __________ lines the thoracic wall
- A.
Endothelium
- B.
Visceral pleura
- C.
Parietal pleura
- D.
None of the above
- 92.The intrapleural pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 93.Which zone warms and humidifies the air?
- A.
Conducting zone
- B.
Respiratory zone
- C.
Terminal zone
- 94.What is atmospheric pressure at rest?
- A.
750 mmHg
- B.
740 mmHg
- C.
760 mmHg
- D.
780 mmHg
- 95.At rest, expiration is passive
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 96.Current eveidence suggests that respiratory muscles fatigue at prolonged exercise lasting more than
- A.
90 minutes
- B.
100 minutes
- C.
120 minutes
- D.
60 minutes
- 97.Which is the current formula for Air Flow?
- A.
Airflow = (P2 - P1)/resistance
- B.
Airflow = (P1 + P2)/resistance
- C.
Airflow = (P1 - P2)/resistance
- D.
None of the above
- 98.Shortness of breathing is termed
- A.
Asthma
- B.
Bronchospasm
- C.
Dyspnea
- D.
COPD
- 99.Excessive mucus blocked in the airways
- A.
Exercise induced asthma
- B.
Asthma
- C.
Emphysema
- D.
Chronic bronchitis
- 100.Airway collapse; air is trapped in the lungs
- A.
Asthma
- B.
COPD
- C.
Emphysema
- D.
Chronic bronchitis
- 101.Chronic obstructive lung disease is linked with an increased expiratory airflow and an decreased inspiratory airflow due to constant airway narrowing
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 102.Amount of air moved per breath (normal breathing)
- A.
Dead space ventilation
- B.
Breathing frequency
- C.
Alveolar ventilation
- D.
None of the above
- 103.Volume of air space that reaches the respiratory zone
- A.
Vital capacity
- B.
Dead space ventilation
- C.
Alveolar ventilation
- D.
Total lung capacity
- 104.The tidal volume x the alveolar ventilation will give you the amount of air moved in and out of the lungs per minute
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 105.The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs per min
- A.
Systemic ventilation
- B.
Dead space ventilation
- C.
Pulmonary ventilation
- D.
Tidal volume
- 106.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 107.
- A.
The amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration
- B.
Volume of gas remaining in lings after maximum expiration
- C.
Maximum amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration
- D.
None of the above
- 108.The typical value for the tidal volume is
- A.
300 mL
- B.
600 mL
- C.
500 mL
- D.
350 mL
- 109.The typical lung capacity is at
- A.
7500 mL
- B.
7000 mL
- C.
6000 mL
- D.
5000 mL
- 110.When standing, most of the blood goes to the apex of the lung
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 111.The systemic circulation has lower pressure than the pulmonary circulation
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 112.Deoxyhemoglobin is simply hemoglobin carrying carbon dioxide
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 113.The O2 content of blood (100% Hb saturation) for males is typically
- A.
300 ml O2/L blood
- B.
200 ml O2/L blood
- C.
150 ml O2/L blood
- D.
250 ml O2/L blood
- 114.The O2 content of blood (100% Hb saturation) for females is typically
- A.
174 ml O2/L blood
- B.
155 ml O2/L blood
- C.
168 ml O2/L blood
- D.
185 ml O2/L blood
- 115.Each gram of Hb can transport ____
- A.
1.6 ml O2
- B.
2 ml O2
- C.
1.5 ml O2
- D.
1.34 ml O2
- 116.Low partial pressure in the tissues increases the the chance of O2 release to tissues by Hb
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 117.Decreased pH increases the Hb-O2 affinity thus resulting in a rightward shift of the curve
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 118.Which of the following causes a rightward shift of the dissociation curve(check all that apply)
- A.
Decreased pH
- B.
Increased temperature
- C.
Increased pH
- D.
All of the above cause a rightward shift
- 119.Hemoglobin has a higher affinity for O2 than myoglobin
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 120.Carbonic anhydrase converts CO2 and water into Bicarbonate
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 121.How much % of CO2 is dissolved in the plasma
- A.
15%
- B.
10%
- C.
20%
- D.
25%
- 122.When HCO3- diffuses out of the RBC's into plasma
- A.
Argon diffuses into the RBC's
- B.
Chloride diffuses into the RBC's
- C.
Hydrogen ions diffuse into the RBC's
- D.
Nothing happens
- 123.Hydrogen binds to Hb to prevent acidity
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 124.Carbon dioxide that is bound to hemoglobin is called carbaminohemoglobin
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 125.HCO3- is a strong acid
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 126.Over __ of the O2 transported in blood is chemically bonded with hemoglobin
- A.
95%
- B.
90%
- C.
85%
- D.
99%
- 127.Carbon dioxide is transported in ONLY 3 blood forms
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 128.__ of CO2 is found in the blood is transported as bicarbonate
- A.
65%
- B.
75%
- C.
80%
- D.
70%
- 129.An increase in pulmonary ventilation causes exhalation of additional CO2, which results in a reduction of blood PCO2 and a lowering of hydrogen ion concentration
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 130.During prolonged submaximal exercise in a hot/humid environment, ventilation tends to shift downward
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 131.In an untrained subject doing incremental exercise, ventilation increases linearly up to
- A.
~50 - 75% VO2 max
- B.
~65 - 85% VO2 max
- C.
~50 - 60 % VO2 max
- D.
None of the above
- 132.The inflection point where VE increases exponentially is known as the respiratory threshold
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 133.Arterial PO2 and PCO2 are maintained relatively constant during a sub maximal exercise
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 134.During prolonged exercise in a hot/humid environment, ventilation "drifts" upward due to the influence of rising body temperature on the respiratory control center
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 135.Which part of the brain is is the respiratory control center?
- A.
Cerebellum
- B.
Frontal lobe
- C.
Brain stem
- D.
Cerebrum
- 136.When the diaphragm contracts, the lungs __________
- A.
Expire
- B.
Inspire
- C.
The abdominals control breathing, not diaphrams
- D.
None of the above
- 137.Central chemoreceptors are located in the___________
- A.
Medulla
- B.
Association area
- C.
Thalamus
- D.
Hypothalamus
- 138.The diaphragm is innervated by somatic motor neurons
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 139.Specialized cells located in the aortic and carotid bodies
- A.
Central chemoreceptors
- B.
Peripheral chemoreceptors
- C.
Baroreceptors
- D.
None of the above
- 140.There are 2 types or Humoral receptors
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 141.Ventilation control during exercise is fine tuned by ____________
- A.
Humoral chemoreceptors
- B.
Higher brain centers
- C.
Neural feedback from muscle
- D.
All of the above
- 142.During heavy or submaximal exercise, a linear rise in ventilation is due to _________(check all that apply)
- A.
Increasing blood H+
- B.
Parasympathetic firing
- C.
Body temperature
- D.
Blood catecholamines
- E.
K+
- 143.The primary drive to increase ventilation during exercise in from higher brain centers
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 144.Training can eventually change the structure of the lungs so it could take up more oxygen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 145.Training can lower exercise ventilation 20 - 30% lower at the same submaximal work rate
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 146.Current evidence suggests that the normal rhythm of breathing is generated by the interaction between _____ separate respirator rhythm centers located in the medulla oblongata and the pons.
- A.
Five
- B.
Four
- C.
Three
- D.
Two
- 147.At rest, the breathing rhythm is dominated by pacemaker neurons in the
- A.
Pneumoraxic center
- B.
Retrotrapezodial nucleus
- C.
Caudal pons
- D.
PreBotzinger Complex
- 148.During exercise, the preBotzinger Complex interacts with _________ along with two additional regulatory centers in the pons to regulate breathing
- A.
The vagus nerve
- B.
Sympathetic neurons
- C.
Medulla oblongata
- D.
The retrotrapezodial nucleus
- 149.The respiratory control center uses only negative feedback to achieve tight control
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 150.The central chemoreceptors are sensitive to increases in ______ and decreases in pH
- A.
H+
- B.
K+
- C.
PCO2
- D.
PO2
- 151.The peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to increases in PCO2 and decreases in PO2 or pH
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 152.Receptors that are sensitive to an increase in PCO2 exist.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- C.
They are hypothesized to exist
- 153.In regards to peripheral chemoreceptors
- A.
Carotid bodies are more important that aortic bodies
- B.
Aortic bodies are more important than carotid bodies
- C.
They are equally important
- 154.There is new evidence that respiratory muscle fatigue does occur during high intensity exercise (>90% VO2 max)
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 155._________ of elite endurance athletes experience hypoxemia during high intensity exercise (>90% VO2 max)
- A.
20 - 30%
- B.
40 - 50%
- C.
45 - 55%
- D.
30 - 40%
- 156.The pulmonary system limits exercise performance in healthy young subjects during prolonged submaximal exercise (work rates (<90% VO2 max)
- A.
True
- B.
False
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