Multinational Corporations Internalize Mnc Quiz Questions

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  • 1/68 Questions

    A foreign direct investment occurs when a company in country A invests in a company located in country B and thereby gives the investing company control over the management of the company receiving its investment.  A company does not have to be the sole investor in the foreign company.

    • True
    • False
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About This Quiz

This is an interesting 'multinational corporations internalize MNC' quiz that is designed to test your knowledge about the same. Do you have good knowledge about Multinational Corporations Internalization? It refers to a type of transaction that is conducted within an MNC corporation rather than in the open market. So, if you think you have enough knowledge about the internalization process at MNC's, then you'll be able to score really well on this quiz. Just take the quiz and see how good you can score. Ready? All the best!

Multinational Corporations Internalize Mnc Quiz Questions - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Although MNCs have a global reach, their activities are overwhelmingly concentrated in the advanced industrialized countries

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that multinational corporations (MNCs) primarily focus their activities in advanced industrialized countries, indicating that their operations are more concentrated in these regions compared to other parts of the world. This aligns with the common understanding that MNCs tend to establish their presence and invest in countries with developed economies, infrastructure, and consumer markets. Therefore, the answer "True" accurately reflects the given statement.

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  • 3. 

    Vertical integration refers to instances in which multinational corporations internalize (i.e., bring under their ownership and control) their transactions for intermediate goods.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Vertical integration refers to the strategy of a multinational corporation bringing its transactions for intermediate goods under its ownership and control. This means that instead of relying on external suppliers for these goods, the corporation chooses to produce them internally. This can provide various benefits such as cost savings, improved coordination, and greater control over the supply chain. Therefore, the given answer "true" is correct as it accurately describes the concept of vertical integration.

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  • 4. 

    Most of the debt of the world's poorest countries is owed

    • Official lenders like IMF & World Bank

    • Resource-exporting MNCs

    • East Asian governments

    • East Asian export companies

    • Oil exporting governments

    Correct Answer
    A. Official lenders like IMF & World Bank
    Explanation
    The correct answer is official lenders like IMF & World Bank. This is because the world's poorest countries often rely on loans from international financial institutions like the IMF and World Bank to finance their development projects and meet their financial obligations. These institutions provide financial assistance to these countries in the form of loans, grants, and technical support. As a result, a significant portion of the debt of the world's poorest countries is owed to these official lenders.

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  • 5. 

    A national company becomes an MNC when it

    • Makes a foreign direct investment

    • Takes out a foreign loan

    • Imports a foreign product

    • Exports a foreign product

    • Hires foreign workers

    Correct Answer
    A. Makes a foreign direct investment
    Explanation
    A national company becomes an MNC when it makes a foreign direct investment because this means that the company is investing in establishing or acquiring business operations in a foreign country. This expansion into international markets allows the company to operate and have a presence in multiple countries, making it a multinational corporation. By making a foreign direct investment, the company can benefit from new market opportunities, access to resources, and potential cost advantages, while also diversifying its operations and reducing dependence on a single market.

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  • 6. 

    Locational advantages are based on which combination of the following specific country characteristics

    • A large reserve of natural resources, a large local market and efficiency opportunities

    • A small reserve of natural resources, a large local market and efficiency opportunities

    • A small reserve of natural resources, a small local market and efficiency opportunities

    • A large reserve of natural resources, a small local market and efficiency opportunities

    • A small reserve of natural resources, a large local market but few efficiency opportunities

    Correct Answer
    A. A large reserve of natural resources, a large local market and efficiency opportunities
    Explanation
    Locational advantages are based on a combination of factors that include a large reserve of natural resources, a large local market, and efficiency opportunities. These characteristics contribute to the competitiveness and attractiveness of a particular location for businesses. A large reserve of natural resources ensures a stable supply for industries, while a large local market provides a customer base for products and services. Efficiency opportunities refer to factors such as infrastructure, skilled labor, and government policies that enhance business operations and reduce costs. When all these factors are present, a location becomes highly advantageous for businesses.

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  • 7. 

    Because the dollar served as the Bretton Wood's system's primary reserve asset, reducing the number of dollars circulating in the globaal economy would reduce the liquidity that financed world trade

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The explanation for the given correct answer is that the dollar was the main reserve asset in the Bretton Woods system. This means that many countries held dollars as a form of international payment and to maintain stability in their own currencies. If the number of dollars in circulation were reduced, it would decrease the liquidity available to finance global trade. This could potentially disrupt international trade and hinder economic growth. Therefore, the statement is true.

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  • 8. 

    Oatley claims that fixed exchange rates procide exchange rate stability but they also prevent governments from using monetary policy to manage domestic economic activity

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because fixed exchange rates do provide stability in the exchange rate between two currencies. However, it also restricts governments from using monetary policy to manage their domestic economy. With fixed exchange rates, the value of a currency is fixed in relation to another currency, and this limits the ability of governments to adjust interest rates or manipulate their currency to control inflation or stimulate economic growth. Therefore, while fixed exchange rates offer stability, they also limit the flexibility of governments in managing their domestic economic activity.

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  • 9. 

    In a fixed exchange rate system, if a Japanese automobile company establishes a foreign investment in the production of automobiles in the United States, the Capital Account of the United States will:

    • Move towards a surplus

    • Move toward a deficit

    • Not be affected

    • Automatically be offset by a corresponding movement in the United States' current account

    Correct Answer
    A. Move towards a surplus
    Explanation
    If a Japanese automobile company establishes a foreign investment in the production of automobiles in the United States, the Capital Account of the United States will move towards a surplus. This is because the Japanese company will be investing money in the United States, which will increase the capital inflow into the country. A surplus in the capital account indicates that the United States is receiving more capital from foreign investments than it is investing abroad.

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  • 10. 

    A multinational is a firm that controls and manages production facilities in

    • Both developed and developing countries

    • At least two countries

    • One country but relies on multiple markets for the consumption of goods it produces

    • At least two developed countries and one developing country

    • One country, but relies on purchasing intermediate foods from companies in other countries

    Correct Answer
    A. At least two countries
    Explanation
    A multinational is a firm that operates in at least two countries. This means that it has production facilities, offices, or branches in more than one nation. By having a presence in multiple countries, a multinational can take advantage of different markets, resources, and labor pools. This allows them to expand their operations, access new customers, and diversify their risks. Multinational companies often have a global supply chain and operate in both developed and developing countries to maximize their competitive advantage and reach a wider consumer base.

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  • 11. 

    A fixed exchange rate system refers to a relationship between currencies which is unchanging because it is backed by:

    • Prevailing market conditions

    • Government guarantees to maintain currency exchange rates

    • Commercial banking behavior

    • International political organizations like the U.N.

    Correct Answer
    A. Government guarantees to maintain currency exchange rates
    Explanation
    A fixed exchange rate system refers to a relationship between currencies that remains constant due to government guarantees to maintain currency exchange rates. In this system, the government intervenes in the foreign exchange market to ensure that the value of its currency does not fluctuate significantly against other currencies. This is achieved through various measures such as buying or selling foreign currency reserves, implementing capital controls, or adjusting interest rates. These government guarantees provide stability and confidence in the currency, allowing businesses and individuals to engage in international trade and investment with more certainty.

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  • 12. 

    Skip this shit

    • Blah.

    • Blah.

    Correct Answer
    A. Blah.
  • 13. 

    A time-consistency problem arises when the best course of action

    • At a particular moment differs form the best course of action in the future

    • At the beginning is usually the best course of action in the future

    • At the end is usually the best course of action in general

    • At a particular moment is taken without knowing the best course of action in general

    • At a particular moment is the same as the best course of action in the future

    Correct Answer
    A. At a particular moment differs form the best course of action in the future
    Explanation
    A time-consistency problem occurs when the optimal decision-making strategy at a specific moment is not the same as the optimal strategy in the future. This means that the best course of action may change over time, leading to inconsistencies in decision-making. In other words, what may seem like the best choice at a particular moment may not necessarily be the best choice in the long run. This inconsistency can create challenges in planning and decision-making processes.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following are examples of intangible assets?

    • Natural resources and local markets

    • Patented processes and natural resources

    • Employee know-how and natural resources

    • Local markets and natural resources

    • Patented processes and employee know-how

    Correct Answer
    A. Patented processes and employee know-how
    Explanation
    Patented processes and employee know-how are examples of intangible assets because they cannot be physically touched or seen. Patented processes refer to unique methods or techniques that are protected by a legal patent, giving the owner exclusive rights to use them. Employee know-how refers to the knowledge, skills, and expertise possessed by employees, which can contribute to the success and value of a company. Both of these assets are valuable but do not have a physical form.

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  • 15. 

    Which of the following is not one of the three goals pursued by the International Monetary System

    • Adjustment of Short-term balance of payments problems

    • Growth of liquidity to finance growth in world trade

    • Foreign aid

    • Confidence in stable currency exchange rates

    Correct Answer
    A. Foreign aid
    Explanation
    The International Monetary System has three main goals: adjustment of short-term balance of payments problems, growth of liquidity to finance growth in world trade, and confidence in stable currency exchange rates. Foreign aid, however, is not one of the goals pursued by the system. Foreign aid refers to the provision of assistance or resources from one country to another for various purposes such as economic development, humanitarian aid, or political support. While foreign aid can be an important aspect of international relations, it is not directly related to the goals of the International Monetary System.

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  • 16. 

    Moral hazard refers to:

    • Increased willingness to take risks if all of ones losses are insured

    • Lack of basing monetary policies on ethical considerations

    • The failure to consider cultural preservation in adopting macroecon. policies

    • Government willingness to reduce taxes for the rich and raise taxes for the poor

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased willingness to take risks if all of ones losses are insured
    Explanation
    Moral hazard refers to the increased willingness to take risks if all of one's losses are insured. This means that when individuals or organizations are protected from the negative consequences of their actions, they are more likely to engage in risky behavior because they do not bear the full cost of their actions. This concept is often applied in the insurance industry, where individuals may take more risks or engage in reckless behavior knowing that they will be fully compensated for any losses.

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  • 17. 

    A fixed exchange rate system refers to a relationship between currencies which is unchanging because it is backed by:

    • Prevailing market conditions

    • Government guarantees to maintain currency exchange rates

    • Government fixing the price of gold

    • Government basing the exchange rate on world productivity

    • Government laws making currency speculation illegal

    Correct Answer
    A. Government guarantees to maintain currency exchange rates
    Explanation
    A fixed exchange rate system refers to a relationship between currencies that remains constant because it is supported by government guarantees to maintain currency exchange rates. This means that the government ensures that the value of its currency remains fixed in relation to another currency or a basket of currencies. By providing this guarantee, the government aims to promote stability in international trade and investment by reducing uncertainty in exchange rates. This can be achieved through various measures such as buying and selling foreign currencies, adjusting interest rates, or implementing capital controls.

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  • 18. 

    Imports and Exports of activities such as banking, insurance, transportation, and tourism are registered in 

    • The trade account

    • The service account

    • The income account

    • The expense account

    • Unilateral transfers account

    Correct Answer
    A. The service account
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the service account. Imports and exports of activities such as banking, insurance, transportation, and tourism are registered in the service account. This account records the value of services provided by one country to another, including transportation, tourism, banking, and insurance services. It is a component of the balance of payments, which tracks all economic transactions between a country and the rest of the world.

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  • 19. 

    In April 1973, the IMS adopted:

    • A flexible or floating exchange rate system

    • Eliminated the use of SDRs to settle official blance of payments transactions

    • Imposed controls on foreign direct investments

    • A new system of assigning quotas to its member states

    Correct Answer
    A. A flexible or floating exchange rate system
    Explanation
    In April 1973, the International Monetary System (IMS) adopted a flexible or floating exchange rate system. This means that the value of a country's currency is determined by market forces of supply and demand, rather than being fixed to a specific value. This system allows for fluctuations in currency values and allows countries to adjust their exchange rates to reflect economic conditions. This decision was likely made to increase flexibility and adaptability in the global economy, as well as to reduce the need for currency interventions and stabilize international trade.

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  • 20. 

    Export Processing Zones are industrial areas set aside for MNCs with special rules or subsidies.  Foreign firms based in EPZs are primarily allowed to

    • Import components free of taxes, as long as all of their output is exported

    • Pay workers less than elsewhere in the country

    • Pay workers more than elsewhere in the country

    • Ignore safety and environmental regulations

    • Imported components for assembly free of taxes, as long as none of their output is exported

    Correct Answer
    A. Import components free of taxes, as long as all of their output is exported
    Explanation
    Export Processing Zones (EPZs) are designated areas where multinational corporations (MNCs) can operate under special regulations and incentives. In these zones, foreign firms are primarily allowed to import components without paying taxes, as long as all of their output is exported. This means that they can bring in raw materials or parts from other countries without incurring additional costs, as long as the final products are intended for exportation. This policy encourages MNCs to establish their operations in EPZs, as it reduces their production costs and promotes international trade.

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  • 21. 

    "Hot money" refers to

    • Bond and derivative funds

    • Private capital that can be withdrawn at the first hint of trouble

    • Public capital that cannot be easily withdrawn

    • Money obtained through drugs and illegal activities

    • Money hidden in secret foreign bank accounts

    Correct Answer
    A. Private capital that can be withdrawn at the first hint of trouble
    Explanation
    "Hot money" refers to private capital that can be withdrawn at the first hint of trouble. This term is used to describe funds that are invested in a country or financial market temporarily, with the intention of quickly moving the capital out if there are any signs of economic instability or uncertainty. This type of capital is considered volatile and can have a destabilizing effect on economies, as it can be easily withdrawn and cause sudden capital outflows.

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  • 22. 

    The reason why there are no comprehensive international investment rules is that

    • Governments have never tried to create multilateral rules

    • The OCED and WTO rules have already created effective comprehensive guidelines.

    • Conflict between capital-exporting advanced industrial countries and the capital-importing developing countries has prevented agreement of such rules

    • Conflict between WTO and the group of 77 has prevented agreement on such rules

    • MNCs have already created rules on their own initiative

    Correct Answer
    A. Conflict between capital-exporting advanced industrial countries and the capital-importing developing countries has prevented agreement of such rules
    Explanation
    The conflict between capital-exporting advanced industrial countries and the capital-importing developing countries has prevented the agreement of comprehensive international investment rules. This suggests that these two groups have differing interests and priorities when it comes to investment regulations, making it difficult to reach a consensus. As a result, comprehensive rules have not been established on an international level.

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  • 23. 

    Horizontal integration occurs when

    • Firm creates singular country production facilities, each of which produces different good or goods

    • Firm creates multiple production facilities, each of which produces the same good or goods.

    • Firm creates multiple production facilities, each of which produces different good or goods

    • Firm creates singular country facilities, each of which produces the same good or goods

    • Firm creates multiple production facilities, in multiple countries but with different technologies

    Correct Answer
    A. Firm creates multiple production facilities, each of which produces the same good or goods.
    Explanation
    Horizontal integration occurs when a firm creates multiple production facilities, each of which produces the same good or goods. This means that the firm expands its operations by establishing additional facilities that produce the same products as the existing ones. This strategy allows the firm to increase its production capacity, reach a larger market, and potentially achieve economies of scale. By producing the same goods across multiple facilities, the firm can streamline its operations, standardize processes, and enhance efficiency in the production and distribution of its products.

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  • 24. 

    Many MNCs have opted to remove many of their international transactions from the market and place them within a single corporate structure because

    • They are usually required by the host country governments

    • They are usually required by their home country governments

    • They can usually earn substantially higher incomes by internalizing intangible and specific assets

    • They will not be held accountable for raising the general welfare of their host countries

    • This helps them stay clear of intrusive host government regulations

    Correct Answer
    A. They can usually earn substantially higher incomes by internalizing intangible and specific assets
    Explanation
    MNCs often choose to centralize their international transactions within a single corporate structure because it allows them to internalize intangible and specific assets, which usually leads to higher incomes. By consolidating their operations, MNCs can leverage their unique resources and capabilities more effectively, resulting in increased profitability. This strategy also enables them to have better control over their assets and intellectual property, reducing the risk of losing valuable assets to competitors or host country regulations.

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  • 25. 

    The most complete definition of the balance of payments is the:

    • Net result of a nation's trade relations with the rest of the world

    • Net result of a nations investment relations with the rest of the world

    • Net result of a nation's returns on investments

    • Net recorded results, in monetary terms, of a nation's total economic relations with the rest of the world

    • Net result of one nation's exchange of goods and services with the rest of the world.

    Correct Answer
    A. Net recorded results, in monetary terms, of a nation's total economic relations with the rest of the world
    Explanation
    The balance of payments refers to the net recorded results, in monetary terms, of a nation's total economic relations with the rest of the world. This includes not only trade relations, but also investment relations and returns on investments. It provides a comprehensive view of a nation's economic transactions with other countries, taking into account both inflows and outflows of money. By considering all aspects of economic relations, the balance of payments gives a more complete understanding of a nation's overall economic position in the global market.

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  • 26. 

    Under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (2006) the cost of debt cancellations

    • Was financed through contributions to multilateral lenders by the advanced industrial countries

    • Was financed through contributions to advanced industrial countries by the multilateral lenders

    • Was financed by taking away resources from new development projects

    • Was entirely financed by the IMF and the African Development Fund (ADF)

    • Was not linked to the high degree of conditionality under the HIPC initiative

    Correct Answer
    A. Was financed through contributions to multilateral lenders by the advanced industrial countries
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the cost of debt cancellations under the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (2006) was financed through contributions to multilateral lenders by the advanced industrial countries. This means that the advanced industrial countries provided funding to the multilateral lenders, who then used that funding to cancel the debts of eligible countries. This approach allowed for a coordinated and collective effort to alleviate the debt burdens of developing countries.

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  • 27. 

    The natural rate of unemployment is the rate of unemployment

    • To which an economy will return after a recession or a boom

    • Which is determined by the country's minimum wage

    • Which could be zero

    • Which cannot be raised by labor market institutions

    • Which is determined by the rate of inflation

    Correct Answer
    A. To which an economy will return after a recession or a boom
    Explanation
    The natural rate of unemployment refers to the rate of unemployment that an economy will naturally settle at after experiencing a recession or a boom. It is not determined by the country's minimum wage, which could be zero, or by labor market institutions. Instead, it is influenced by various factors such as the rate of inflation.

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  • 28. 

    Immediately after WWII, the central political concern for developing countries regarding MNCs ownership of critical natural resource industries was that ____________.

    • It compromised the hard won national autonomy over their economies after achieving independence

    • Governments would be unable to use these resources to promote ISI strategies.

    • Extractive industries did not usually transfer technology

    • Extractive industries used primarily underpaid domestic workers even though their skills were developed

    • Extractive industries accelerated the depletion of non-renewable resources

    Correct Answer
    A. It compromised the hard won national autonomy over their economies after achieving independence
    Explanation
    After achieving independence, developing countries were concerned that MNCs ownership of critical natural resource industries would compromise their hard-won national autonomy over their economies. This means that these countries feared that their control over their own economic decisions and policies would be undermined by foreign companies controlling their natural resources.

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  • 29. 

    Which of the following illustrated the devaluation of the United States dollar in relation to the German Mark?

    • $1.00 = 4DM to $1.00 = 3DM

    • $1.00 = 4DM to $1.00 = 5DM

    • $1.00 = 4DM to $1.00 = 4DM

    • $1.00 = 4DM to $0.80 = 4DM

    Correct Answer
    A. $1.00 = 4DM to $1.00 = 3DM
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "$1.00 = 4DM to $1.00 = 3DM". This answer illustrates the devaluation of the United States dollar in relation to the German Mark because it shows that the exchange rate has changed from 4DM to 3DM per $1.00. This means that the value of the dollar has decreased in relation to the German Mark, as it now takes fewer dollars to buy the same amount of German Marks.

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  • 30. 

    The voting power of each IMF member is determined by:

    • A one nation/one vote procedure

    • The amount of SDRs each nation possessed

    • The amount of reserves each nation held

    • The quotas each nation paid to the IMF

    • The size of each nation's exports

    Correct Answer
    A. The quotas each nation paid to the IMF
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the quotas each nation paid to the IMF. The quotas represent the financial contribution of each member country to the IMF and determine their voting power. The higher the quota a country pays, the greater its voting power within the organization. This system ensures that countries with larger economies have a greater say in decision-making processes, reflecting their greater financial commitment to the IMF. The amount of SDRs, reserves, and the size of exports may be factors that influence a country's quota, but they are not directly responsible for determining the voting power.

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  • 31. 

    Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are

    • Royalty-owned funds that purchase private assets in foreign markets

    • Royalty-owned funds that purchase public assets in foreign markets

    • Government-owned funds that purchase public assets in domestic markets

    • Government owned funds that purchase private assets in domestic markets

    • Government-owned funds that purchase private assets in foreign markets

    Correct Answer
    A. Government-owned funds that purchase private assets in foreign markets
    Explanation
    Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) are government-owned funds that purchase private assets in foreign markets. These funds are typically established by countries with large reserves of foreign currency or excess revenue from natural resources. The purpose of SWFs is to invest these funds in order to generate long-term returns and diversify the country's investment portfolio. By purchasing private assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, or private equity, SWFs aim to maximize their returns and contribute to the economic development of their respective countries.

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  • 32. 

    In the post-World War II fixed exchange rate system, the value of each nation's currency was initially based on:

    • An assessment of the nation's productive capabilities relative to the productive capabilities of other IMF member states

    • The board of governors of the IMF

    • The quota system

    • The political power of members of the IMF

    • The nation's share in total world investment

    Correct Answer
    A. An assessment of the nation's productive capabilities relative to the productive capabilities of other IMF member states
    Explanation
    In the post-World War II fixed exchange rate system, the value of each nation's currency was initially based on an assessment of the nation's productive capabilities relative to the productive capabilities of other IMF member states. This means that the value of a nation's currency was determined by how productive and economically strong it was compared to other countries in the IMF. This assessment helped to ensure that the exchange rates were fair and balanced, taking into account each nation's economic capabilities.

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  • 33. 

    Creditors were able to push such a large share of the adjustment costs onto the debtor governments because

    • Debtor governments were better at maintaining a common front

    • Creditors were better able to solve the free rider problem better than debtors

    • Smaller banks had lent less of their capital

    • Larger banks can charge their losses to taxpayers in advanced industrial countries

    • The IMF threatened to make it difficult for the smaller banks to operate in the interbank marker

    Correct Answer
    A. Creditors were better able to solve the free rider problem better than debtors
    Explanation
    Creditors were better able to solve the free rider problem better than debtors. This means that creditors were more effective in preventing other parties from benefiting from their actions without contributing their fair share. In the context of the given question, it suggests that creditors were able to ensure that debtor governments bore a larger portion of the adjustment costs because they were more successful in preventing other creditors from shirking their responsibilities.

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  • 34. 

    "Moral hazard" in global finance is when

    • Banks have an incentive to make safer loans than they would make in the absence of a guarantee of a government bailout

    • Banks change higher interest rates to high risk borrowers

    • The practice of lending heavily to high risk borrowers makes a systemic financial crisis more destructive

    • Financial institutions have close ties to governments, sometimes though personal relationships

    • Banks believe that the government will bail them out if they suffer large losses on the loans they have made

    Correct Answer
    A. Banks believe that the government will bail them out if they suffer large losses on the loans they have made
    Explanation
    Moral hazard in global finance refers to the situation where banks believe that the government will rescue them if they face significant losses on the loans they have provided. This belief creates an incentive for banks to take on more risk and make riskier loans than they would if there was no guarantee of a government bailout. This behavior can lead to reckless lending practices and contribute to systemic financial crises.

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  • 35. 

    Skip this shieeeettt

    • Hi

    • Hi

    • Hi

    • Hi

    Correct Answer
    A. Hi
  • 36. 

    In the 1950s and 1960s the principle sources of foreign capital for developing countries were

    • FDI and foreign aid and neither was abundant

    • SWF and foreign aid and neither was abundant

    • FDI which was abundant and foreign aid which was not

    • Foreign aid which was abundant and FDI which was not

    • FDI and foreign aid and both were abundant

    Correct Answer
    A. FDI and foreign aid and neither was abundant
    Explanation
    During the 1950s and 1960s, developing countries relied on both FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and foreign aid as their main sources of foreign capital. However, neither of these sources was abundant during that time period. This suggests that developing countries faced challenges in attracting significant amounts of FDI and receiving substantial foreign aid, which could have hindered their economic development.

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  • 37. 

    Under the Bretton Woods system, until 1971:

    • Only the dollar was convertible into gold

    • The IMF's sole purpose was to provide liquidity with which to finance trade

    • The currencies of all nations were backed by gold

    • The IMF could force nations to eliminate barriers to trade

    • SDRs were the sole source of liquidity

    Correct Answer
    A. Only the dollar was convertible into gold
    Explanation
    Under the Bretton Woods system, until 1971, only the dollar was convertible into gold. This means that countries could exchange their US dollars for gold at a fixed rate. The other statements are incorrect. The IMF's purpose was not solely to provide liquidity for trade, but also to promote global monetary cooperation. The currencies of all nations were not backed by gold, only the US dollar was. The IMF did not have the power to force nations to eliminate trade barriers. Lastly, SDRs (Special Drawing Rights) were not the sole source of liquidity, as countries could also use gold to settle international transactions.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following was not a part of the official reserves of nation-states who joined the IMF between 1945 and 1965?

    • Dollars

    • Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)

    • IMF quotas

    • Foreign exchange

    • Gold

    Correct Answer
    A. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
    Explanation
    Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) were not a part of the official reserves of nation-states who joined the IMF between 1945 and 1965. The official reserves of nation-states during this period included dollars, IMF quotas, foreign exchange, and gold. SDRs were introduced by the IMF in 1969 as a supplementary international reserve asset.

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  • 39. 

    Special Drawing Rights were created in the late 1960s to:

    • Eliminate the US dollar as a foreign exchange currency

    • Create an additional source of liquidity to facilitate transactions

    • Give countries without convertible currencies an asset to use in trading with IMF member states

    • Eliminate gold as a basis of the international monetary system

    Correct Answer
    A. Create an additional source of liquidity to facilitate transactions
    Explanation
    Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) were created in the late 1960s to create an additional source of liquidity to facilitate transactions. SDRs are a type of international reserve asset, created and allocated by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which member countries can use to supplement their official reserves. By providing an additional source of liquidity, SDRs help to support global trade and financial stability. They serve as a supplement to traditional reserve currencies like the US dollar, providing countries with more flexibility in conducting international transactions. Therefore, the creation of SDRs was aimed at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the international monetary system.

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  • 40. 

    Locational incentives are packages host countries offer to MNCs that

    • Decrease the profits of a particular investment.

    • Increase the costs of that investment

    • Increase the risk of that investment

    • Provide subsidized loans for that investment.

    • Depreciate their investments at slower rates.

    Correct Answer
    A. Provide subsidized loans for that investment.
    Explanation
    Locational incentives refer to the packages that host countries provide to multinational corporations (MNCs) in order to attract their investments. These incentives are designed to make the investment more attractive and lucrative for the MNCs. One common form of locational incentives is providing subsidized loans for the investment. By offering loans at lower interest rates or with favorable terms, the host country reduces the financial burden on the MNC and makes the investment more financially viable. Therefore, the correct answer is that locational incentives provide subsidized loans for that investment.

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  • 41. 

    When a country devalues its currency and all counteracting forces do not change, which of the following will occur:

    • The volume of its exports will increase

    • Consumers of the country's exported goods will pay more to purchase the imports

    • Those retailing the good will always make more profit from the imports

    • The balance of payments of the country devaluing its currency will not be affected

    Correct Answer
    A. The volume of its exports will increase
    Explanation
    When a country devalues its currency, the price of its exports becomes relatively cheaper compared to other countries. This makes its exports more competitive in the international market, leading to an increase in the volume of exports. As a result, foreign consumers are more likely to purchase the country's goods, increasing the demand and revenue from exports. This can potentially improve the country's trade balance and boost economic growth. However, it is important to note that other factors such as demand elasticity, competitiveness, and global economic conditions can also influence the impact of currency devaluation on exports.

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  • 42. 

    In August 1971, Nixon made which of the following announcements:

    • US dollar was no longer convertable at a fixed rate of exchange

    • US would eliminate all tariffs on imports into the US

    • US would adopt wage/price controls to contain inflation

    • All of the above

    • Only a and c

    Correct Answer
    A. Only a and c
    Explanation
    In August 1971, Nixon made the announcement that the US dollar was no longer convertible at a fixed rate of exchange. This meant that the US dollar was no longer tied to the value of gold, which had significant implications for the global economy. Additionally, Nixon also announced that the US would adopt wage/price controls to contain inflation. This decision was made in response to rising inflation rates during that time. Therefore, the correct answer is "Only a and c" as both of these announcements were made by Nixon in August 1971.

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  • 43. 

    The current account of the balance of payments accounting system has several subcategories.  Which of the following IS NOT one of the subcategories?

    • The trade account

    • The service account

    • The income account

    • The foreign direct investment account

    • Unilateral transfers account

    Correct Answer
    A. The foreign direct investment account
    Explanation
    The foreign direct investment account is not one of the subcategories of the current account. The current account includes the trade account, which records the value of imports and exports of goods, the service account, which records the value of services provided and received, the income account, which records income earned from investments abroad and income earned by foreign investors in the domestic economy, and the unilateral transfers account, which records transfers of money or goods between countries without expecting anything in return. Foreign direct investment is a separate category that falls under the capital account of the balance of payments.

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  • 44. 

    The major monetary governance problem of the 21st century is:

    • Lack of confidence in SDRs

    • Refusal of China to join the IMF

    • Wide dispersal of monetary power among several states

    • The IMFs lack of resources

    Correct Answer
    A. Wide dispersal of monetary power among several states
    Explanation
    The correct answer is wide dispersal of monetary power among several states. This refers to the problem of having multiple countries with significant influence over the global monetary system. When power is dispersed among several states, it becomes challenging to coordinate and make effective decisions regarding monetary policies and regulations. This can lead to conflicts of interest, lack of cooperation, and difficulties in addressing global economic challenges.

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  • 45. 

    The three society-based models of monetary and exchange rate politics are:

    • An institutional model, a partisan model, and a factor model

    • An organizational model, partisan, and sectoral model

    • Institutional model, a production model, and a sectoral model

    • Institutional model, partisan model, sectoral model

    Correct Answer
    A. Institutional model, partisan model, sectoral model
    Explanation
    The correct answer is institutional model, partisan model, sectoral model. These three models represent different approaches to understanding monetary and exchange rate politics within societies. The institutional model focuses on the role of institutions and their impact on monetary and exchange rate policies. The partisan model emphasizes the influence of political parties and their ideologies on these policies. The sectoral model examines the interests and preferences of different economic sectors in shaping monetary and exchange rate politics.

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  • 46. 

    By 1982, the thirty most heavily indebted developing countries owed more than $600 billion to foreign lenders. Creditors initially diagnosed the debt crisis as a

    • Long-term liquidity problem

    • Medium-term liquidity problem

    • Short-term liquidity problem

    • Failure of ISI trade policies

    • Medium-term energy related problem

    Correct Answer
    A. Short-term liquidity problem
    Explanation
    The correct answer is short-term liquidity problem. This is because the question states that the developing countries owed a large amount of money to foreign lenders. A short-term liquidity problem refers to a situation where a country is unable to meet its immediate debt obligations. In this case, the heavily indebted developing countries were facing a problem of not having enough liquid assets to repay their debts in the short term.

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  • 47. 

    The center piece of macroeconomic stabilization program intended to eliminate the large current-account deficits was the reduction of

    • Capital outflows

    • Unemployment

    • Exports

    • Budget deficits

    • MNC profits

    Correct Answer
    A. Budget deficits
    Explanation
    The reduction of budget deficits was the center piece of the macroeconomic stabilization program aimed at eliminating the large current-account deficits. By reducing budget deficits, the government aims to decrease its borrowing and reliance on external financing, which in turn helps to reduce the current-account deficits. This is because budget deficits often lead to increased borrowing from abroad, which can contribute to larger current-account deficits. Therefore, addressing budget deficits is crucial in stabilizing the economy and reducing current-account imbalances.

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  • 48. 

    The financial crisis and macroeconomic stabilization precipitated deep recessions throughout Asia in 1998. The country that was hit the worst was

    • South Korea

    • Indonesia

    • Thailand

    • Malaysia

    • Taiwan

    Correct Answer
    A. Indonesia
    Explanation
    During the financial crisis and macroeconomic stabilization in 1998, several Asian countries experienced deep recessions. Among these countries, Indonesia was hit the worst. This could be due to various factors such as its high dependency on foreign capital, a weak banking system, and a large current account deficit. These vulnerabilities made Indonesia more susceptible to the effects of the crisis compared to other countries in the region.

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  • 49. 

    In a flexible or floating exchange-rate system

    • Governments must commit themselves to maintaining a specific fixed price against other currencies

    • Governments must allow their currencies to float freely with no government intervention

    • Governments can intervene in the foreign exchange market to influence the value of their currencies

    • Currency speculation is prohibited

    • The market alone determines the value of currencies.

    Correct Answer
    A. Governments can intervene in the foreign exchange market to influence the value of their currencies
    Explanation
    In a flexible or floating exchange-rate system, governments have the ability to intervene in the foreign exchange market in order to influence the value of their currencies. This means that they can take actions such as buying or selling their own currency in order to increase or decrease its value relative to other currencies. This intervention allows governments to have some control over the exchange rate and can be used as a tool to manage their economy and promote their national interests.

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  • Mar 22, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • May 02, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Intwealthp
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