Embryology

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The external grooves between pharyngeal arches

Fused endoderm and ectoderm between arches. In fish gills slits form...

Ventral aorta from heart feeds 5 pairs of arch arteries which coalesce...

Mandibular prominence of pharyngeal arch 1 forms

Arch 4 and 6 nerve

Prominance that overlies the forebrain

___affects rhombomere identity/ causes differential development of...

Isthmic organizer secretes

______secretes FGF8 to establish the Telencephalon

_____is an area in the middle of the diencephalon that secretes Shh

+Otx2 +Fgf8 (no Wnt or Shh)

+Otx2 +Shh (no Wnt or Fgf8)

Boundary between forebrain and midbrain that involves a ventral...

Cervical Flexure = boundary between ____________and ______________

Pontine flexure = in the __________ . Folds the ________onto the...

Neural Canal in the diencephalon

Inner layer/closest to central canal of neural tube. Proliferating...

Middle layer of differentiating neural tube, where cell bodies of...

Areas where there are multiple waves of cytodifferentiation causing...

Area where grey and white matter are reversed

Molecule synthesized by ventral NT and notochord

Molecule synthesized by dorsal NT

Intermediolateral cell columns house cell bodies for neurons that are...

In the eye neurectoderm forms:

Ectoderm of the eye forms:

When optic vesicle touches overlying ectoderm, the overlying ectoderm...

_____forms from the cells at the transition in the optic cup from...

The signal transmitting neuron layer has neuron cell bodies in the...

A group of cells that are morphologically indistinguishable from the...

___signals from the ________are essential to split a signal eye field...

Shh is not present which causes the eye field to not split =...

Formed from pharyngeal cleft 1 and ectoderm covering pharyngeal arches...

Arch 2 nerve

Arch 2 artery

Arch 3 nerve

Arch 1 artery

Blockage of flow or overproduction or underproduction of CSF in the...

Arch 1 Nerve

Failure of intermaxillary prominence to fuse with maxillary...

Prosencephalon becomes:

Rhombencephalon becomes

+Otx2 + Fgf8 +Wnt

+Gbx2 - Fgf8 - Wnt

Drainage of excess CSF fluid from the brain ventricles into the...

Layer of axons, white matter

Alar (_____)NT cells form columns of _________neurons

Optic vesicle invaginates to form ____

Inner layer of optic cup forms _____________and outer layer of optic...

Incomplete division of prosencephalon -1 cerebral hemisphere...

Forms from 1st pharyngeal pouch endoderm and 1st and 2nd pharyngeal...

Pharyngeal Pouch 2

Maxillary prominence of pharyngeal arch 1 forms

Pharyngeal cleft 1

Grow towards each other and fuse with each other and the primary...

+Gbx2 +Fgf8 + Wnt

____and_____are formed by evagination of prosencephalon

__________vascularizes the retina and lens vesicle. The lens portion...

How neurons know where to go: sensing and exploring the environment

Arch 3 bones

Pharyngeal Pouch 4

Muscles arch 1

Arch 2 muscles

Arch 3 artery

Pharyngeal Pouch 3

Lens placode invaginates and detaches to form the _____

Neurons know where to go based on diffusible factors, adhesion...

Pharyngeal arch #1 is formed by which 2 prominences?

Metencephalon

Arch 4 and 6 muscles

Left and right medial nasal processes fuse to form the

Important for midbrain, metencephalon and myelencephalon identity

Myelencephalon

Cerebral aqueduct is in which part of the brain?

Basal (_______) NT cells form columns of _________neurons

Striated muscle (of pharyngeal arches) is dervied from

Arch 2 bones

Arch 4 and 6 bones

Intermaxillary process gives rise to

TFs that separate the hindbrain from the mid and forebrain

Cells in lens vesicle elongate, fill the lumen and differentiate into:

3 layers of neurons in the neural retina from bottom to top

Master eye control gene - one of the genes that specifies the 'eye...

Gbx-2 is expressed in the mid and forebrain

Diencephalon

Telencephalon

Each pharyngeal arch consists of:

Arch 3 muscle

Metencephalon

Neural crest + mesoderm in the eye form:

Arch 4 and 6 arteries

Pharyngeal Pouch 1 forms

Each arch CONTAINS:

Otic vesicle (of inner ear) forms:

Reasons that neuronal columns disappear in the brain

Embryology

1. The external grooves between pharyngeal arches

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Fused endoderm and ectoderm between arches. In fish gills slits form in them.

3. Ventral aorta from heart feeds 5 pairs of arch arteries which coalesce into ____

4. Mandibular prominence of pharyngeal arch 1 forms

5. Arch 4 and 6 nerve

6. Prominance that overlies the forebrain

7. ___affects rhombomere identity/ causes differential development of rhombomeres

8. Isthmic organizer secretes

9. ______secretes FGF8 to establish the Telencephalon

10. _____is an area in the middle of the diencephalon that secretes Shh

11. +Otx2 +Fgf8 (no Wnt or Shh)

12. +Otx2 +Shh (no Wnt or Fgf8)

13. Boundary between forebrain and midbrain that involves a ventral folding of the neural tube ___

14. Cervical Flexure = boundary between ____________and ______________

15. Pontine flexure = in the __________ . Folds the ________onto the _________

16. Neural Canal in the diencephalon

17. Inner layer/closest to central canal of neural tube. Proliferating cells - neuroepithelial cells round here into mitotic cells, which make young neurons, glial cells and ependymal cells.

18. Middle layer of differentiating neural tube, where cell bodies of neurons sit.

19. Areas where there are multiple waves of cytodifferentiation causing strippings of grey and white matter

20. Area where grey and white matter are reversed

21. Molecule synthesized by ventral NT and notochord

22. Molecule synthesized by dorsal NT

23. Intermediolateral cell columns house cell bodies for neurons that are part of ________and _________

24. In the eye neurectoderm forms:

25. Ectoderm of the eye forms:

26. When optic vesicle touches overlying ectoderm, the overlying ectoderm thickens into a ______

27. _____forms from the cells at the transition in the optic cup from neural retina to pigmented epithelium

28. The signal transmitting neuron layer has neuron cell bodies in the __________and axons in the ___________

29. A group of cells that are morphologically indistinguishable from the cells around them, but they're already committed

30. ___signals from the ________are essential to split a signal eye field into 2 - and development of intervening structures

31. Shh is not present which causes the eye field to not split = __________

32. Formed from pharyngeal cleft 1 and ectoderm covering pharyngeal arches 1 and 2

33. Arch 2 nerve

34. Arch 2 artery

35. Arch 3 nerve

36. Arch 1 artery

37. Blockage of flow or overproduction or underproduction of CSF in the ventricles

38. Arch 1 Nerve

39. Failure of intermaxillary prominence to fuse with maxillary prominences

40. Prosencephalon becomes:

41. Rhombencephalon becomes

42. +Otx2 + Fgf8 +Wnt

43. +Gbx2 - Fgf8 - Wnt

44. Drainage of excess CSF fluid from the brain ventricles into the peritoneal cavity

45. Layer of axons, white matter

46. Alar (_____)NT cells form columns of _________neurons

47. Optic vesicle invaginates to form ____

48. Inner layer of optic cup forms _____________and outer layer of optic cup forms__________

49. Incomplete division of prosencephalon -1 cerebral hemisphere (forebrain fails to develop)

50. Forms from 1st pharyngeal pouch endoderm and 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arch mesenchyme and neural crest cells

51. Pharyngeal Pouch 2

52. Maxillary prominence of pharyngeal arch 1 forms

53. Pharyngeal cleft 1

54. Grow towards each other and fuse with each other and the primary palate to form the secondary palate

55. +Gbx2 +Fgf8 + Wnt

56. ____and_____are formed by evagination of prosencephalon

57. __________vascularizes the retina and lens vesicle. The lens portion regresses and the part in the retina becomes the ___________

58. How neurons know where to go: sensing and exploring the environment

59. Arch 3 bones

60. Pharyngeal Pouch 4

61. Muscles arch 1

62. Arch 2 muscles

63. Arch 3 artery

64. Pharyngeal Pouch 3

65. Lens placode invaginates and detaches to form the _____

66. Neurons know where to go based on diffusible factors, adhesion molecules, excellular matrix proteins, trophic factors

67. Pharyngeal arch #1 is formed by which 2 prominences?

68. Metencephalon

69. Arch 4 and 6 muscles

70. Left and right medial nasal processes fuse to form the

71. Important for midbrain, metencephalon and myelencephalon identity

72. Myelencephalon

73. Cerebral aqueduct is in which part of the brain?

74. Basal (_______) NT cells form columns of _________neurons

75. Striated muscle (of pharyngeal arches) is dervied from

76. Arch 2 bones

77. Arch 4 and 6 bones

14. Cervical Flexure = boundary between and __

15. Pontine flexure = in the __ . Folds the onto the _

23. Intermediolateral cell columns house cell bodies for neurons that are part of and _

28. The signal transmitting neuron layer has neuron cell bodies in the and axons in the _

30. _signals from the ______are essential to split a signal eye field into 2 - and development of intervening structures

46. Alar (_)NT cells form columns of _____neurons

48. Inner layer of optic cup forms ___and outer layer of optic cup forms

56. and_are formed by evagination of prosencephalon

57. vascularizes the retina and lens vesicle. The lens portion regresses and the part in the retina becomes the _

74. Basal (_) NT cells form columns of ___neurons