Edg 2085 Quiz 2a
This is the second Quiz for the unit covered on weeks one and two.
Questions and Answers
- 1.
There is a "frame" for each concept that is known. Each act of perceiving selects a frame to compare and then to classify the present situation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement suggests that for every concept that is known, there is a frame associated with it. When we perceive something, we choose a frame to compare and classify the current situation. This implies that our perception is influenced by the frames we have and the way we categorize things. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The key to "framing" any situation is the imposition of information on the situation.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
"Framing" refers to the act of presenting information in a particular way to influence how people perceive and interpret a situation. By imposing information on a situation, individuals can shape the way others understand and think about it. Therefore, the statement that the key to "framing" any situation is the imposition of information on the situation is true.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Marvin Minsky is an influential figure in the development of cognitive science. Minsky rediscovered Otto Selz's ideas in the 1960s, reworked some of them and developed the notion of the "frame".
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Marvin Minsky is indeed an influential figure in the development of cognitive science. In the 1960s, he rediscovered Otto Selz's ideas and further developed the concept of the "frame". This suggests that the statement "Marvin Minsky is an influential figure in the development of cognitive science" is true.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Knowledge of the properties of the prototypical member that indicate the category provides the ______________.
- A.
Schema
- B.
Frame
- C.
Framework
- D.
Paradigm
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
B. FrameExplanation
The correct answer is "frame". A frame is a mental structure that contains knowledge about the properties and attributes of a prototypical member of a category. This knowledge helps in identifying and categorizing other members that share similar properties. Therefore, knowledge of the properties of the prototypical member that indicate the category provides a frame for understanding and organizing information about that category.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Facts are and must be interpreted within an implied or explicit conceptual ____________.
- A.
Schema
- B.
Frame
- C.
Framework
- D.
Paradigm
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. FrameworkExplanation
Facts are pieces of information that need to be organized and understood in a specific context. This context is provided by a conceptual framework, which is a set of ideas, concepts, or principles that guide the interpretation and understanding of facts. A framework helps to structure and make sense of the information, allowing for a more comprehensive and meaningful interpretation. Therefore, the correct answer is "framework."Rate this question:
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- 6.
______________ may contain a set of doctrines or beliefs that form the basis of a political, economic or other system.
- A.
Schemas
- B.
Frames
- C.
Frameworks
- D.
Paradigms
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. FrameworksExplanation
Frameworks are comprehensive structures that contain a set of doctrines or beliefs that form the basis of a political, economic, or other system. They provide a foundation and guidelines for decision-making and problem-solving within that system. Schemas, frames, and paradigms may also contain beliefs or concepts, but they are not specifically designed to encompass a complete system of doctrines. Therefore, frameworks are the most appropriate answer in this context.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The_____________, unlike the framework, has an internal logic and a set of assumptions that imposes itself on what is perceived. This logic and these assumptions are, of course, learned and are believed to be real or true
- A.
Schema
- B.
Frame
- C.
Framework
- D.
Paradigm
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
D. ParadigmExplanation
A paradigm refers to a specific way of thinking or understanding the world, which includes a set of assumptions and internal logic. It shapes how individuals perceive and interpret information. Unlike a framework, which is more flexible and adaptable, a paradigm is more rigid and imposes its own logic on what is perceived. Individuals learn and believe in the reality or truth of their paradigm. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is "paradigm".Rate this question:
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- 8.
To solve a problem, a complete schema is required. The problem-solver must access a complete schema to solve a particular problem.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
In order to solve a problem effectively, it is necessary to have a complete schema or framework. This schema provides the problem-solver with the necessary information, knowledge, and understanding to approach and solve the problem accurately. Without a complete schema, the problem-solver may lack the necessary tools or insights to find a solution. Therefore, it is true that a complete schema is required to solve a problem successfully.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The German psychologist is credited with one of the fundamental ideas of cognitive psychology, the schema, is Sigmund Freud
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The given statement is false. The German psychologist credited with one of the fundamental ideas of cognitive psychology, the schema, is not Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, not cognitive psychology. The correct answer is False.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The ____________is a network of mental images, propositional representations, and/or mental models that organize past experience. We made the point that schemas are used to solve problems..
- A.
Schema
- B.
Frame
- C.
Framework
- D.
Paradigm
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
A. SchemaExplanation
A schema is a mental framework or structure that helps organize and interpret information based on past experiences. It consists of mental images, propositional representations, and mental models. Schemas are used to solve problems by providing a structure for understanding and categorizing new information.Rate this question:
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- 11.
About 1.8 million years ago, the hominid ___________________ made stone tools and weapons. These were not terribly sophisticated tools. probably their use was discovered by accident
Correct Answer
Homo Habilis
H. HabilisExplanation
Homo Habilis, also known as H. Habilis, is the correct answer. About 1.8 million years ago, this hominid species made stone tools and weapons, although these tools were not very advanced. It is likely that the use of these tools was discovered by accident.Rate this question:
- 12.
___________, the hominid who represents the next evolutionary period of early man, became more sophisticated in tool-making. This hominid species produced hand-axes in addition to sharp-edged flakes.
Correct Answer
Homo Erectus
H. ErectusExplanation
Homo Erectus, also known as H. Erectus, is the hominid species that represents the next evolutionary period of early man. This species became more sophisticated in tool-making and produced hand-axes along with sharp-edged flakes.Rate this question:
- 13.
The ability to plan and think and restrain oneself while hunting prey affected other activities as well. Inhibitions and prohibitions regarding sex developed among Homo erectus for social reasons, as dominant males expressed jealousy and prevented promiscuous relationships.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The passage suggests that the ability to plan, think, and restrain oneself while hunting prey affected other activities, including the development of inhibitions and prohibitions regarding sex among Homo erectus. Dominant males expressed jealousy and prevented promiscuous relationships for social reasons. This implies that the statement "The ability to plan and think and restrain oneself while hunting prey affected other activities as well" is true.Rate this question:
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- 14.
About 15,000 BCE people living in the Mediterranean region that is now known as Israel, Syria, Lebanon and Jordan (the Ancient Levant) had an "elaborate" technology that enabled them to utilize grain at a site archaeologists call _______________.
- A.
Ain Gev
- B.
Zawi Chemi Shanidar,
- C.
Qalat Jarma
- D.
Tell Abu Hureyra
- E.
Catal Huyuk
Correct Answer
A. Ain Gev -
- 15.
_________________was an social and economical example for future Mesopotamian cultures that would arise around 4000 BC.
- A.
Catal Huyuk
- B.
Tell Abu Hureyra
- C.
Qalat Jarma
- D.
Zawi Chemi Shanidar,
- E.
Ain Gev
Correct Answer
C. Qalat JarmaExplanation
Qalat Jarma was a social and economical example for future Mesopotamian cultures that would arise around 4000 BC. This suggests that Qalat Jarma served as a model or prototype for the development of these future cultures. It likely had certain characteristics or practices that were influential and adopted by later societies in the region. Unfortunately, without further information, it is not possible to provide a more detailed explanation of Qalat Jarma's significance.Rate this question:
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- 16.
___________________was known as the oldest known agricultural community in the world, dating back to 7000 BC. It is also one of the oldest Neolithic village sites to be excavated.
- A.
Zawi Chemi Shanidar,
- B.
Qalat Jarma
- C.
Tell Abu Hureyra
- D.
Ain Gev
- E.
Jericho
Correct Answer
B. Qalat JarmaExplanation
Qalat Jarma is not the correct answer for this question. The correct answer is Jericho. Jericho is known as the oldest known agricultural community in the world, dating back to 7000 BC. It is also one of the oldest Neolithic village sites to be excavated.Rate this question:
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- 17.
_____________________was located around a consistent water source, a spring which produced over 1000 gallons of water every minute. Jericho consisted of about eight to ten acres on which it is estimated that two to three thousand people lived. These people were supported by farming of wheat, barley, peas, and lentils..
- A.
Tell Abu Hureyra
- B.
Qalat Jarma
- C.
Ain Gev
- D.
Jericho
- E.
Zawi Chemi Shanidar,
Correct Answer
D. JerichoExplanation
Jericho is the correct answer because it was located near a consistent water source, a spring that produced a large amount of water. This water source would have been essential for supporting the farming activities of the people living in Jericho, as it would have provided the necessary irrigation for their crops. Additionally, the size of Jericho, estimated to be around eight to ten acres, and the estimated population of two to three thousand people further support the idea that it was a thriving agricultural community.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The _______________preceded the invention of the wheel and made transportation by water possible.
- A.
Dugout
- B.
Bicycle
- C.
Carriage
- D.
Automobile
Correct Answer
A. DugoutExplanation
A dugout is a type of boat that was used before the invention of the wheel. It was made by hollowing out a tree trunk and was commonly used for transportation by water. This primitive form of boat allowed people to travel across bodies of water, making it possible to transport goods and people more efficiently. The invention of the wheel came later and revolutionized land transportation, but before that, the dugout was an important means of transportation.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The_______________________preceded the invention of the wheel and made transportation by water possible.
Correct Answer
dugout
skin boatExplanation
The dugout and skin boat were both types of watercraft that were used for transportation before the invention of the wheel. These boats were made by hollowing out a log or using animal skins stretched over a frame. They allowed people to travel on water, making it possible to transport goods and people across bodies of water. These early forms of boats were essential for exploration, trade, and communication, enabling human societies to expand and connect with each other.Rate this question:
- 20.
The ability to abstract, farm and live in communities called forth yet another shift in perspective -- those changes brought about as a result of the invention of ____________________.
Correct Answer
writingExplanation
The ability to abstract, farm, and live in communities brought about a shift in perspective. This shift was further enhanced by the invention of writing. Writing allowed for the recording and communication of ideas, knowledge, and information. It enabled the preservation of history, the development of complex societies, and the transmission of culture across generations. Writing revolutionized human communication and played a crucial role in the advancement of civilizations.Rate this question:
- 21.
All that remains of _______________, theone of the first cities, is a gullied, pitted mound, floating in a rolling plain of wheatfields. Little is left to show that this place was a primary source of Western civilization, a nexus of trade and ideas for two thousand years, the first organized cosmopolitan city-state, and arguably the source of the Great Mother Goddess religion -- the universal faith of Europe, the Near East, and the Far East before the great empires of the Fertile Crescent arose.
Correct Answer
catal huyukExplanation
Catal Huyuk is the correct answer because the passage describes a city that was an important center of trade and ideas for thousands of years, and a primary source of Western civilization. It also mentions that this city was the first organized cosmopolitan city-state and the possible source of the Great Mother Goddess religion. All of these characteristics align with what is known about Catal Huyuk, an ancient city located in modern-day Turkey.Rate this question:
- 22.
This is a drawing of the walled city of
Correct Answer
JerichoExplanation
The given answer is Jericho because the question mentions that the drawing is of a walled city, and Jericho is a well-known ancient city that had a famous wall surrounding it. Jericho is also one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, making it a likely candidate for a drawing of a walled city.Rate this question:
- 23.
The first evidence of a writing system came when incised ______________ began to appear about 9,000 years ago in the neolithic fertile crescent.
Correct Answer
counting tokensExplanation
The correct answer is counting tokens. The question is asking for the first evidence of a writing system, which is believed to be counting tokens that were incised about 9,000 years ago in the neolithic fertile crescent. These tokens were used as a way to keep track of goods and transactions, and they eventually evolved into a more sophisticated writing system. This early form of writing laid the foundation for the development of more complex writing systems in the future.Rate this question:
- 24.
Around 4100-3800 BCE, the _____________________ began to be symbols that could be impressed or inscribed in clay to represent a record of land, grain or cattle and a written language was beginning to develop. One of the earliest examples was found in the excavations of Uruk in Mesopotamia at a level representing the time of the crystallization of the Sumerian culture.
Correct Answer
tokens
clay tabletsExplanation
Around 4100-3800 BCE, tokens began to be symbols that could be impressed or inscribed in clay to represent a record of land, grain, or cattle. These tokens were an early form of written language and were used as a means of keeping records. One of the earliest examples of these tokens was found in the excavations of Uruk in Mesopotamia, representing the time of the crystallization of the Sumerian culture. Over time, these tokens evolved into clay tablets, which were inscribed with more complex symbols and eventually led to the development of a fully written language.Rate this question:
- 25.
_________________________does not mean simple waking awareness. You are keenly aware that you have awareness.
Correct Answer
consciousnessExplanation
Consciousness refers to a state of being aware and awake, but it is not limited to just simple waking awareness. It involves a deeper level of awareness where one is not only aware of their surroundings and thoughts, but also aware of their own awareness. This means that consciousness involves a self-reflective aspect, where one is conscious of the fact that they are conscious. It goes beyond basic awareness and involves a higher level of introspection and self-awareness.Rate this question:
- 26.
In 1979 the mullahs in Iran overthrew the Persian monarchy, one of the oldest in the world, while at the height of its power, replacing it with an Islamic republic dedicated to the implementation of the Sharia, a law of private and public conduct prescribed in the Koran. This event was called the _________________.
Correct Answer
islamic revolutionExplanation
The given answer, "islamic revolution," is the correct explanation for the blank space in the question. In 1979, the mullahs in Iran overthrew the Persian monarchy and established an Islamic republic dedicated to implementing Sharia law. This event is commonly referred to as the Islamic revolution.Rate this question:
- 27.
The ______________ refers to historical changes in thought and belief, to changes in social & institutional organization, that unfolded in Europe between roughly 1550- 1700
Correct Answer
scientific revolutionExplanation
The term "scientific revolution" refers to the significant changes in thought, belief, and social and institutional organization that occurred in Europe between 1550 and 1700. During this period, there was a shift in the way people understood and approached scientific knowledge. It marked a departure from traditional ideas and the emergence of new scientific methods and discoveries. This revolution had a profound impact on various disciplines, including astronomy, physics, biology, and medicine, and laid the foundation for modern science as we know it today.Rate this question:
- 28.
A ____________ may be described as an overall treatment, usually with cosmetics, changes in hairstyle and apparel to improve the appearance or transform the image.
Correct Answer
makeoverExplanation
A makeover refers to a comprehensive process that involves using cosmetics, changing hairstyles, and altering apparel to enhance one's appearance or completely transform their image. This term is commonly used to describe the overall treatment that individuals undergo to improve their physical appearance and achieve a desired look.Rate this question:
- 29.
In mystical tradition, the mind-behind-the-scenes, the part that watches the watcher is called _________________________
- A.
The Watcher
- B.
The doer
- C.
The believer
- D.
The Witness
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
D. The WitnessExplanation
The correct answer is "the Witness." In mystical tradition, the mind-behind-the-scenes, the part that watches the watcher, is referred to as "the Witness." This concept suggests that there is a deeper aspect of consciousness that observes our thoughts, emotions, and actions without being directly involved in them. It is the part of us that remains detached and aware, providing a sense of self-awareness and allowing us to observe our own experiences.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The mind can observe its many moods, its body tensions, the flux of attention, its choices and impasses, hurting and wishing, tasting and touching when it attends to the flow of_______________
- A.
Internal speech
- B.
Thoughts
- C.
Outside noises
- D.
Intruding ideas
- E.
Attention
Correct Answer
E. AttentionExplanation
The mind can observe various aspects of its inner experiences, such as moods, body tensions, choices, and more when it directs its attention towards them. Attention is the key factor that allows the mind to be aware of and observe these different elements.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Before humans had learned to control fire purposefully, it is doubtful that they would understand the role fire could play in obtaining edible food and providing warmth.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
Before humans had learned to control fire purposefully, it is unlikely that they would understand the role fire could play in obtaining edible food and providing warmth.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Fire for cooking would almost inevitably have been one of the first uses it was put to by humans. It is estimated that fire used for cooking began around ____________ years ago.
- A.
500,000
- B.
120,000
- C.
70,000
- D.
20,000
- E.
None of these
Correct Answer
E. None of these -
- 33.
"Paradigm shift," is a term introduced by ___________________
- A.
. Aristotle
- B.
. Ptolemy
- C.
Thomas Kuhn
- D.
None of these
Correct Answer
C. Thomas KuhnExplanation
Thomas Kuhn is the correct answer because he is the one who introduced the term "paradigm shift" in his book "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" published in 1962. Kuhn argued that scientific progress does not occur through gradual accumulation of knowledge, but rather through sudden shifts in paradigms or fundamental ways of thinking. He used this term to describe the radical changes in scientific theories and practices that occur when a new paradigm replaces an old one. This concept has since been widely used in various fields to describe significant changes in thinking, understanding, and approaches to problem-solving.Rate this question:
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