Dr. Kallie Mini Q2 assesses knowledge on cell biology, focusing on the plasmalemma, its receptor sites, intermediate filaments, basement membrane, and epithelial cell types. It evaluates understanding of structural and functional aspects relevant to advanced biology studies.
Plasma cell
Mast cell
Adipocytes
Fibroblast
Osteoclast cell
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The theca interna cells release estrogen as a result of contact with the sperm
Enzymes released from cortical granules cause a conformational change of the zona pellucida and oocyte plasma membrane
The sperm's plasma membrane fuses with the cells of the corona radiata
The sperm first penetrates the basal lamina
After the sperm makes contact with the zona pellucida, more sperms are allowed to penetrate the developing oocyte
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Generate movement
Produce the structural core of microvilli
Provide mechanical stability
Produce the axoneme of flagella
Be involved in the movement of chromosomes
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The inner cell mass is composed of three germ layers
Blood vessels develop in the allantoic sac
The uteroplacental circulation developes within the yolk sac
Syncytiotrophoblast erodes the lining of the maternal blood vessels to establish the primitive uteroplacental circulation
The cytotrophoblast erodes the maternal blood vessels of the endometrium
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Placenta praevia refers to implantation of the fertilized egg in the fallopian tube
The trophoblast cells differentiates into syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
The germ disc during the second week of development is composed of epiblast, trophoblast and mesoderm
The amnion develops around the 13th day of development and is called the secondary yolk sac
The prochordal plate develops from the epiblast layer which is columnar in shape
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Have a core of actin microfilaments
Are involved in the movement of materials over the cell surface
Have a core of microtubules
Are involved in cellular movement
Utilize the sliding filament mechanism for movement
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Uncapacitated sperms can penetrate the secondary oocyte
Enzymes released from the cortical granules cause the oocyte plasma membrane and the zona pellucida to undergo a conformational change
The zygote that is produced has 1n chromosome number
Several sperms normally penetrate the secondary oocyte
Sperms become capacitated in the epididymis
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Cadherins Ca++ dependent proteins on the plasma membrane bind to actin microfilaments via vinculin and alpha actinin
Tonofilaments insert on cytosolic side of the plasma membrane of each cell
An intermediate dense line of desmoglein is present in the intercellular space
The intercellular space is 30 nm or greater
The terminal web is composed only of actin microfilaments
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Neutrophil
Fibroblast
Chondroblast cell
Plasma cell
Monocyte
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Nexin proteins lacking the enzyme ATPase
The microtubule of cilia lack the triplet formation
Dynein arms lacking the enzyme ATPase
The axoneme of cilia lack the subfiber C
The actin microfilaments of cilia lack the enzyme ATPase
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Type III collagen and proteoglycans
Type IV collagen and proteoglycans
Microfibrils and proteoglycans
Laminin and Fibronectin
Reticular fibers and type VII collagen
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The uteroplacental circulation develops within the secondary yolk sac
The primitive uteroplacental circulation is established as a result of the activity of syncytiotrophoblast cells on maternal sinusoids
The inner cell mass is composed of trophoblast and hypoblast
The bilaminar germ disc is composed of epiblast and trophoblast
The amniotic cavity lies below the hypoblast layer of cells
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Are composed of intermediate filaments
Allow flagella of spermatozoa to move
Are made of microtubules that bind to the terminal web
Are made of actin microfilaments
Have basal bodies at their bases
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Flagella
Cilia
Stereocilia
Microvilli and basal infoldings
Cilia and microvilli
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Cytokeratin filaments
Integrins
Actin microfilaments
Cadherins Ca++ dependent proteins
Proteoglycans
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A second exposure to the same venom causes the antigen to first bind to macrophage
Macrophages release histamine, heparin and leukotrienes
The antigen (bee venom) first binds to the IgM of mast cells
IgE production from plasma cells binds to the plasma membrane of mast cells
During the 2nd exposure to the antigen, mast cells are converted to macrophages
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Avascularity is a typical feature of the tissue
Has lots of ground substance
Has few cells within the tissue
Ground substance is scant
Is found in areas that can withstand considerable stress
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It is composed of a dense arrangement of collagen fibers
It has lots of ground substance
It is composed of a great abundance of different cell types
It is found around glandular units
It is found surrounding small blood vessels
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Packaging of procollagen in the Golgi complex
Formation of polypeptides in the RER
Glycosylation of specific hydroxylysine residues in the RER
Removal of registration peptides
Hydroxylation of specific proline and lysine residues in the RER
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All cells make contact with the basal lamina
Nuclei are all located at the basal end of each cell
Cells are all the same size and columnar in shape
Columnar cells form the basal layer of cells and the intermediate layers above are composed of polyhedral cells
Basal infoldings are a prominent feature of this epithelium
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The glycosaminoglycans of proteoglycans have a high negative charge that attracts cations (such as Na+) and binds to water molecules
The glycosaminoglycans make up about 20% of the proteoglycan molecule
The glycosaminoglycans are called perlacans
Proteoglycans contain branched chain polysaccharides
Hyaluronic acid is a typical proteoglycan molecule that binds to heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate
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Intermediate mesoderm
Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm
Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm
Paraxial mesoderm
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The inner cell mass attaches to the endometrial layer
The zygote undergoes several meiotic divisions to form the morula
The blastocyst is composed of a compacted mass of cells
The morula implants into the endometrial layer of the uterus
At around 5 6 days, the blastocyst loses its zona pellucida and implants on the endometrium as a result of the trophoblast layer
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Contain glycosaminoglycans that possess a high negative charge due to the sulfate and carboxyl groups
Are not capable of attracting large amounts of water molecules
The proteins of proteoglycans are the predominant fraction of the proteoglycan molecules
Are composed of a core protein and a branched carbohydrate residue
Lack binding sites for collagen type II
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Corpus luteum degenerates and forms scar tissue called the corpus albicans
Corpus luteum enlarges to become the corpus luteum of pregnancy
Human chorionic gonadotropin maintains the viability of the corpus luteum
Luteinizing hormone continues to stimulate the corpus luteum
The corpus luteum last for only 2 days after ovulation
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The phospholipids are amphipathic molecules
The proteins can only be associated with the membrane as peripheral proteins
The membrane exists as a bilayer structure, with phospholipids on both the interior and exterior surfaces
It is composed of phospholipids and proteins
Fluidity of the membrane is controlled by the combination of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids and cholesterol molecules in the membrane
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Epithelia display lateral communications
Epithelia display avascularity
Epithelia display polarity
Epithelia are normally separated by large (2 microns) intercellular spaces
A basal lamina is produced by the basal cells of epithelia
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FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) binds to receptor sites on the thyroid gland
The receptor sites for ligands or hormones are located on the cystosolic side of the plasmalemma
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) binds to receptor sites on the thyroid gland
The lipid bilayer of the phospholipids act as receptor molecules for ligands
The receptor sites for ligands or hormones are due to the carbohydrate portions of membrane proteins on the external side of the plasmalemma
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Acrosin and neuraminidase are released from the cortical granules. These enzymes digest the zona pellucida
The sperm's plasma membrane fuses with the cells of the corona radiata
The tail of the sperm drops off as the sperm touches the zona pellucida
Acrosin and neuraminidase are released from the acrosome. These enzymes digest the zona pellucida
The cortical granules release enzymes that digest the corona radiata cells
Phospholipids such as sphingomyelin and phosphatidy-choline are evenly distributed in the outer and inner half of the plasma membrane
Phospholipids with unsaturated fatty acid tend to enhance fluidity of the membrane
Phospholipids are only composed of saturated fatty acids
Phospholipids are identical in composition in both the outer and inner regions of the lipid bilayer
Pheripheral proteins are only found on the external side of the lipid bilayer
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While certain types of cells possess their own unique forms of intermediate filament proteins, they all possess lamins A, B, and C
“Dynamic instability” is a property of microtubules
Lacking a nucleus, eukaryotic cells have their DNA scattered throughout the cell
Thin filaments are used by the cell for locomotion
Electron microscopists distinguish smooth endoplasmic reticulum from rough endoplasmic reticulum by the presence of ribosomes
Liver
Anterior pituitary gland
Digestive tract
Respiratory tract
Allantois
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Duplication of DNA occurs in prophase 1 of meiosis 1
The genetic material produced in each of the cells during meiosis are identical
Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs in prophase 1 of meiosis 1
Non disjunction does not occur in meiosis II
Separation of chromatids occurs during anaphase 1 of meiosis 1
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Integral protein are located only on the cytosolic side of the lipid bilayer
Phospholipids are identical in composition in both the outer and inner regions of the lipid bilayer
Sphingomyelin and ethanolamine are evenly distributed throughout the lipid bilayer
Phospholipids having saturated and unsaturated fatty acids contribute to lipid asymmetry
Pheripheral proteins are only found on the cytosolic side of the lipid bilayer
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Primary oocytes are all arrested in the diplotene stage of prophase 1 before birth
All primary oocytes are formed after puberty
All primary spermatocytes are formed at the time of puberty
All primary spermatocytes are formed before birth
The transformation from spermatogonia to spermatozoa takes about 16 days
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The zygote undergoes several meiotic divisions
The morula with its corona radiata implants into the endometrium
The inner cell mass gives rise to the syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast
The trophoblast gives rise to the epiblast and hypoblast layer
The prochordal plate develops from the hypoblast layer
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The low estrogen levels associated with the maturing follicles
The surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) initiated by high estrogen levels
The gradual elevation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
The cessation (lack) of progesterone secretion
The slow elevation of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum
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ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) binds to receptor sites on the thyroid gland
TSH binds to the phospholipids of the lipid bilayer
The carbohydrate portion of membrane proteins act as receptor sites for ligands or hormones
TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) binds to receptor sites on the adrenal gland
The receptor sites for ligands are located on the cytosolic side of the plasmalemma
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Separation of chromatids occurs during anaphase I of meiosis I
Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs in prophase I of meiosis I
Non disjunction can only occur in meiosis II
Crossing over of genetic material occurs in metaphase I of meiosis I
Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs in metaphase I of meiosis I
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Primary oocytes are arrested in the diplotene stage of prophase II before birth
Primary follicles are all formed at the time of birth
Primary spermatocytes are formed before birth
Follicular cells of the primordial follicles secrete oocyte maturation inhibitor
Ova are produced at the time of birth
Hydroxylation of proline residues occurs in the Golgi Apparatus
The procollagen molecule becomes insoluble within the cytoplasm
Glycosylation of specific hydroxy lysines occur in the clathrin vesicles that are migrating to the plasma membrane
Specific (procollagen) proteases remove registration peptides outside the cell membrane
Only actin microfilaments are involved in the movement of secretory vesicles
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Anaphase - separation of the chromatids from chromosomes
Prophase - duplication of the centrioles
Prometaphase - breakdown of the nuclear envelope
Telophase - reformation of the nuclear envelope
Metaphase - alignment of the chromosomes
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Estrogens from the granulosa cells stimulates proliferation and regeneration of the endometrial lining
Androstenedione stimulates the endometrial glands to secrete glycolipids
Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates regeneration and proliferation of the endometrial lining
The corpus luteum enhances development of the follicles
Luteinizing hormone causes growing follicles to become atretic
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Ion transport
Mucus secretion at the apical end of the cell
Cells having lots of desmosomes
Cells lacking mitochondria on the basal side
Cells lacking endoplasmic reticulum on the basal side
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The signal peptides of the procollagen molecule is removed in the Golgi complex
Specific proteases (procollagen peptidase) remove the registration peptides within the cytosol
Procollagen molecules are soluble due to the registration peptides
Glycosylation of specific proline occurs before hydroxylation
Polypeptide alpha chains are formed on SER
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The desmoglein of macula adherens
Actin microfilaments of zonula adherens
Ca++ dependent cadherins of both zonula adherens and macula adherens
The tonofilaments of macula adherens
Fibronectin in the intercellular space
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Integrins
Reticular fibrils (collagen type III)
Anchoring fibrils (collagen type VII)
Laminin
Proteoglycans
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Chondrocytes
Osteoclast cells
Macrophages
Osteoblasts
Chondroblasts
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