DNA Repair And Mutation
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Answer each accordingly
- 1.The flow of genetic material in microbial cells usually proceeds from
- A.
Proteins through RNA to DNA
- B.
RNA through DNA to proteins
- C.
DNA through RNA to proteins
- 2.A new copy of a DNA molecule is precisely synthesized during a process called
- A.
Translation
- B.
Transcription
- C.
Replication
- 3.The final step in gene expression is protein synthesis, or
- A.
Translation
- B.
Transcription
- C.
Replication
- 4.The chromosome of almost all bacteria is in the shape of
- A.
An open circle
- B.
A closed circle
- C.
A linear chromosome
- 5.The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA is called
- A.
Helicase
- B.
DNA gyrase
- C.
DNA polymerase
- 6.DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the
- A.
3' to 5' direction
- B.
5' to 3' direction
- C.
5' to 7' direction
- D.
7' to 5' direction
- 7.The actual process of protein synthesis takes place on ribosomes that serve as workbenches, with _____________ acting as the blueprint or template.
- 8.The bases of one strand of DNA match-up with the bases of the second strand according to base pairing rules, therefore, the two strands are said to be
- A.
Oppositely charged
- B.
Identical
- C.
Complementary
- 9.The enzymes that unwind short stretches of DNA helix immediately ahead of a replication fork are
- A.
DNA gyrase
- B.
Topoisomerases
- C.
Helicases
- D.
Single-stranded binding proteins
- E.
DNA ligase
- 10.The enzyme that repairs nicked DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides is
- A.
DNA ligase
- B.
DNA gyrase
- C.
Topoisomerases
- D.
Single-stranded binding proteins
- E.
Helicases
- 11.Another name for the RNA polymerase recognition/binding site upstream of a gene is the
- 12.The ____________ is nontranslated sequence that is located between the transcription start site and the translation start site
- 13.The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is
- A.
The reading frame of a gene
- B.
A short sequence that acts as a ribosomal binding site
- C.
Another name for a stop codon
- 14.Most procaryotic proteins begin with this modified amino acid
- A.
N-formylmethionine
- B.
N-formylleucine
- C.
N-formylserine
- 15.Mutations that arise without exposure to external agents are called
- A.
Induced mutations
- B.
Analogous mutations
- C.
Spontaneous mutations
- 16.A mutagen is
- A.
A chemical or physical agent that induces mutations
- B.
An enzyme that repairs mutations
- C.
A molecule which stabilizes DNA thus prevents mutations from occurring
- 17.A mutation that affects only a single nucleotide is called
- A.
A regional mutation
- B.
A site mutation
- C.
A point mutation
- 18.
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A nonsense mutation results in - A.
an abnormal elongation of a polypeptide
- B.
A premature termination of the synthesis of a polypeptide
- C.
A large deletion within the reading frame of a gene
- 19.The process by which thymine dimers are directly repaired with the help of visible light is called
- A.
Photosynthesis
- B.
Excision repair
- C.
Photoreactivation
- 20.DNA repair mechanisms are able to distinguish newly synthesized DNA strands from older strands because
- A.
New strands do not contain cytosine bases
- B.
Old strands are methylated while new strands are not
- C.
New strands are methylated while old strands are not
- 21.
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The ability of the anticodon of tRNA to interact with multiple codons of mRNA is called - A.
Wobble
- B.
Stagger
- C.
Promiscuity
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