DNA Repair And Mutation

21 Questions | By Clindo | Last updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Total Attempts: 908

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1.

The flow of genetic material in microbial cells usually proceeds from
- A.
  
  Proteins through RNA to DNA
- B.
  
  RNA through DNA to proteins
- C.
  
  DNA through RNA to proteins
2.

A new copy of a DNA molecule is precisely synthesized during a process called
- A.
  
  Translation
- B.
  
  Transcription
- C.
  
  Replication
3.

The final step in gene expression is protein synthesis, or
- A.
  
  Translation
- B.
  
  Transcription
- C.
  
  Replication
4.

The chromosome of almost all bacteria is in the shape of
- A.
  
  An open circle
- B.
  
  A closed circle
- C.
  
  A linear chromosome
5.

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA is called
- A.
  
  Helicase
- B.
  
  DNA gyrase
- C.
  
  DNA polymerase
6.

DNA polymerase catalyzes the synthesis of DNA in the
- A.
  
  3' to 5' direction
- B.
  
  5' to 3' direction
- C.
  
  5' to 7' direction
- D.
  
  7' to 5' direction
7.

The actual process of protein synthesis takes place on ribosomes that serve as workbenches, with _____________ acting as the blueprint or template.
8.

The bases of one strand of DNA match-up with the bases of the second strand according to base pairing rules, therefore, the two strands are said to be
- A.
  
  Oppositely charged
- B.
  
  Identical
- C.
  
  Complementary
9.

The enzymes that unwind short stretches of DNA helix immediately ahead of a replication fork are
- A.
  
  DNA gyrase
- B.
  
  Topoisomerases
- C.
  
  Helicases
- D.
  
  Single-stranded binding proteins
- E.
  
  DNA ligase
10.

The enzyme that repairs nicked DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond between adjacent nucleotides is
- A.
  
  DNA ligase
- B.
  
  DNA gyrase
- C.
  
  Topoisomerases
- D.
  
  Single-stranded binding proteins
- E.
  
  Helicases
11.

Another name for the RNA polymerase recognition/binding site upstream of a gene is the
12.

The ____________ is nontranslated sequence that is located between the transcription start site and the translation start site
13.

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence is
- A.
  
  The reading frame of a gene
- B.
  
  A short sequence that acts as a ribosomal binding site
- C.
  
  Another name for a stop codon
14.

Most procaryotic proteins begin with this modified amino acid
- A.
  
  N-formylmethionine
- B.
  
  N-formylleucine
- C.
  
  N-formylserine
15.

Mutations that arise without exposure to external agents are called
- A.
  
  Induced mutations
- B.
  
  Analogous mutations
- C.
  
  Spontaneous mutations
16.

A mutagen is
- A.
  
  A chemical or physical agent that induces mutations
- B.
  
  An enzyme that repairs mutations
- C.
  
  A molecule which stabilizes DNA thus prevents mutations from occurring
17.

A mutation that affects only a single nucleotide is called
- A.
  
  A regional mutation
- B.
  
  A site mutation
- C.
  
  A point mutation
18.

A nonsense mutation results in
- A.
  
  an abnormal elongation of a polypeptide
- B.
  
  A premature termination of the synthesis of a polypeptide
- C.
  
  A large deletion within the reading frame of a gene
19.

The process by which thymine dimers are directly repaired with the help of visible light is called
- A.
  
  Photosynthesis
- B.
  
  Excision repair
- C.
  
  Photoreactivation
20.

DNA repair mechanisms are able to distinguish newly synthesized DNA strands from older strands because
- A.
  
  New strands do not contain cytosine bases
- B.
  
  Old strands are methylated while new strands are not
- C.
  
  New strands are methylated while old strands are not
21.

The ability of the anticodon of tRNA to interact with multiple codons of mRNA is called
- A.
  
  Wobble
- B.
  
  Stagger
- C.
  
  Promiscuity