Counseling Children And Adolescents

When an adolescent's parents behave differently from their peers, it can lead to role confusion. This means that the adolescent may struggle to understand their own identity and the roles they should play in different social contexts. They may feel torn between the expectations of their parents and those of their peers, causing confusion and uncertainty about their own values, beliefs, and behaviors. This can result in difficulty in establishing a clear sense of self and may lead to emotional and psychological challenges during this developmental stage.

The statement is false because genes do have an impact on our intelligence and emotional development. Intelligence is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Studies have shown that certain genes are associated with higher intelligence levels. Similarly, emotional development is also influenced by genetic factors, as certain genes are involved in regulating emotions and the brain's response to emotional stimuli. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that genes have no bearing on our intelligence and emotional development.

Research studies have consistently shown that there is a correlation between poverty and aggression in children. Poverty often exposes children to various risk factors such as unstable family environments, limited access to resources, violence, and stress, which can contribute to aggressive behavior. Additionally, poverty can lead to increased frustration and feelings of powerlessness, which may manifest as aggression. However, it is important to note that not all children from poor families are aggressive, and aggression can also be influenced by individual and environmental factors.

Identification is not just about imitating parental behavior. It is a psychological process through which an individual adopts the characteristics, values, and behaviors of another person or group. While parental behavior can be one aspect of identification, it is not the sole definition or purpose of the concept. Identification can occur with various individuals or groups, such as peers, role models, or even fictional characters. Therefore, the statement that identification is nothing more than imitating parental behavior is false.

Freud believed that life instincts and death instincts were basic energies that determined behavior. Life instincts, also known as Eros, are the driving forces behind survival, reproduction, and pleasure-seeking. They include instincts related to hunger, thirst, and sexual desires. On the other hand, death instincts, also known as Thanatos, represent the aggressive and destructive impulses that are present in all individuals. These instincts can manifest as aggression, self-destructive behaviors, or a desire for non-existence. Freud believed that these two opposing instincts constantly interacted and influenced human behavior.

The idea that some actions arise from internal and external forces over which we have no control is an example of mechanism. Mechanism is a philosophical belief that suggests that everything in the world, including human behavior, can be explained by the laws of cause and effect. It emphasizes the deterministic nature of the universe, implying that our actions are predetermined by external and internal factors beyond our control. This contrasts with rationalism, which emphasizes the power of reason and logic, and fatalism, which suggests that everything is predetermined and humans have no free will.