Saudi Nuclear Medicine Club " Quiz #4 " @saudi_nmc

Gaseous radiopharmaceuticals need to be used in rooms that are at a negative pressure. This is because negative pressure rooms ensure that any potential leaks or releases of the radioactive gas are contained within the room, preventing it from spreading to other areas. By maintaining a negative pressure, air is constantly being drawn into the room, preventing the gas from escaping and minimizing the risk of exposure to radiation.

In the event of a radiopharmaceutical spill, the first priority is to cover the area with absorbent paper and restrict access around it. This is important to prevent further spread of the spill and to minimize the potential for contamination. Contacting the Radiation Safety Officer would be the next step, as they are trained to handle such situations and can provide guidance on proper cleanup procedures. Pouring a chelating solution over the spill may be necessary depending on the specific radiopharmaceutical involved, but it is not the immediate first priority. Calling the housekeeping department to arrange for cleaning can be done after the initial steps have been taken to ensure safety.

Diuretic (Lasix) is a medication that promotes the production of urine and helps in the elimination of excess fluid from the body. It works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the kidneys, leading to increased urine production. In a normal kidney, diuretics like Lasix can cause fast emptying of the urine, as it enhances the filtration process. However, in a kidney that is obstructed, such as in the case of a blockage or a urinary stone, the diuretic has minimal effect as the obstruction hinders the normal flow of urine. Therefore, the statement that diuretics cause fast emptying of a normal kidney but have minimal effect on an obstructed kidney is true.

This pharmacological agent is used as a mean of improving the detection of Meckel’s diverticulum by blocking the secretion of pertechnetate from gastric mucosa, thus improving the lesion to background ratio

Poor RBC labeling technique and drugs interfering with efficient RBC labeling increase free 99mTc-pertechnetate in the blood pool, which in turn produces artifacts. Free 99mTc-pertechnetate can be visible in the upper GI tract due to salivary gland and/or gastric secretion. Neck images can help to determine the source of the artifact.

After an injection in a bone scan, hydration and voiding help to reduce the radiation dose to the bladder. This is because when the patient drinks plenty of fluids and empties their bladder before the scan, it helps to dilute any radioactive material that may have been excreted into the bladder. By reducing the concentration of radioactive material in the bladder, the radiation dose to the bladder is minimized, thereby reducing the potential harm to the bladder tissue.

In a renogram scan, the injection of Lasix (a diuretic medication) after 15 minutes from the radiopharmaceutical is not specific to pediatric patients. This practice is followed for all patients, regardless of their age. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The presence of activity in the kidneys and brain after injection of 99mTc MAA suggests a right to left cardiac shunt. In a normal perfusion lung scan, the particles should be trapped in the pulmonary capillaries and not reach the systemic circulation. However, in the case of a right to left cardiac shunt, there is a direct communication between the right and left sides of the heart, allowing the particles to bypass the lungs and reach other organs such as the kidneys and brain. This can be indicative of a congenital heart defect or other conditions that cause abnormal blood flow within the heart.

The least activity distribution in a normal FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) would be in the bone. FDG is a radiopharmaceutical that is used in positron emission tomography (PET) scans to measure glucose metabolism in the body. Glucose metabolism is typically higher in organs and tissues with high metabolic activity, such as the brain, bladder, and myocardium. However, bones have relatively lower metabolic activity compared to other organs, resulting in less FDG uptake and activity distribution in bone.