Saudi Nuclear Medicine Club " Quiz #1 " @saudi_nmc

1.

NPO means:

No preparation for exam.

Nothing by mouth.

Patient may drink water but should not eat.

None of the above.

NPO stands for nil per os, which means nothing by mouth.

Explanation

NPO stands for nil per os, which means nothing by mouth.

2. 4. Which one of the following statements is true about hybrid PET/CT or SPECT/CT imaging systems?

The same detector is used for both modalities.

Images do not have to be checked for patient motion.

Daily QC takes less time than for standalone systems.

The two modalities are acquired simultaneously.

The CT provides anatomic correlation for the SPECT/PET.

In addition to providing a map of tissue attenuation values, the CT serves to localize features seen on the SPECT/CT

Explanation

In addition to providing a map of tissue attenuation values, the CT serves to localize features seen on the SPECT/CT

3. 7. What is the optimal scanning time for neoplasm when using 67 Ga citrate?

4 h

6 h

24 h

48 h

67 Ga has a half-life of 72 h, and so imaging can take place over several days. Imaging for infection is often performed on the same day as the injection and continues at 24 h and onward at 24 h intervals. Tumor imaging is usually begun at 48 h and continued at 24 h intervals.

Explanation

67 Ga has a half-life of 72 h, and so imaging can take place over several days. Imaging for infection is often performed on the same day as the injection and continues at 24 h and onward at 24 h intervals. Tumor imaging is usually begun at 48 h and continued at 24 h intervals.

4. 8. If no gallbladder is seen at 1 h following injection of 99m Tc DISIDA, what should be done?

Cimetidine should be given.

Images should be taken at 24 h.

Images should be taken at 4 h.

The exam should be ended.

Patients should fast 2–4 h before hepatobiliary imaging. The gallbladder may not be visualized in patients who have recently eaten and in patients who have fasted for extended periods. The use of morphine can hasten visualization of the gallbladder by increasing bile flow to the gallbladder relative to the intestine. For patients in an extended fast, sincalide may be used . If there is no gallbladder seen 1 hour following injection of radiopharmaceutical, delayed images should be obtained.

Explanation

Patients should fast 2–4 h before hepatobiliary imaging. The gallbladder may not be visualized in patients who have recently eaten and in patients who have fasted for extended periods. The use of morphine can hasten visualization of the gallbladder by increasing bile flow to the gallbladder relative to the intestine. For patients in an extended fast, sincalide may be used . If there is no gallbladder seen 1 hour following injection of radiopharmaceutical, delayed images should be obtained.

5. 9. What is the method of localization for a perfusion lung study?

Sequestration

Compartmental containment

Active transport

Capillary blockade

The method is mechanical, based on the size of the particles in the radiopharmaceutical being too large to pass through the capillaries.

Explanation

The method is mechanical, based on the size of the particles in the radiopharmaceutical being too large to pass through the capillaries.

6. 5. A HAMA response occurs because:

A kit contains pyrogens.

Monoclonal antibodies are produced from mouse cells which the human body recognizes as a foreign protein.

A patient is allergic to 111 In.

Monoclonal antibodies are produced from human cells that trigger an immune response in the patient.

HAMA stands for human antimurine (aka antimouse) antibody. It is a response that the human immune system may mount against a foreign antigen.

Explanation

HAMA stands for human antimurine (aka antimouse) antibody. It is a response that the human immune system may mount against a foreign antigen.

7. 2. The presence of 12 μg Al +3 in 1 ml of 99m Tc eluate is:

An example of radionuclidic impurity

An example of chemical impurity

An example of radiochemical impurity

Acceptable since it is less than 15 μg/ml

Al3+ in 99mTc eluate is an example of chemical impurity. Al3+ ions from the alumina column of the molybdenum generator must be less than 10 μg Al3+/ml of eluate, the limit set by the United States Pharmacopeia. This chemical impurity may result in reduced image quality due to poor labeling.

Explanation

Al3+ in 99mTc eluate is an example of chemical impurity. Al3+ ions from the alumina column of the molybdenum generator must be less than 10 μg Al3+/ml of eluate, the limit set by the United States Pharmacopeia. This chemical impurity may result in reduced image quality due to poor labeling.

8. 10. What pharmaceuticals may be used for bone marrow imaging:

99m Tc albumin colloid

99m Tc sulfur colloid

99m Tc PYP

99m Tc MDP

Pharmaceuticals that can be used for bone marrow imaging include 99m Tc albumin colloid and 99m Tc sulfur colloid. These radiopharmaceuticals are commonly used in nuclear medicine for imaging the bone marrow. They are injected into the patient's bloodstream and are taken up by the bone marrow, allowing for visualization and assessment of the bone marrow. Other options listed, such as 99m Tc PYP and 99m Tc MDP, are not typically used for bone marrow imaging but may have other applications in nuclear medicine.

Explanation

Pharmaceuticals that can be used for bone marrow imaging include 99m Tc albumin colloid and 99m Tc sulfur colloid. These radiopharmaceuticals are commonly used in nuclear medicine for imaging the bone marrow. They are injected into the patient's bloodstream and are taken up by the bone marrow, allowing for visualization and assessment of the bone marrow. Other options listed, such as 99m Tc PYP and 99m Tc MDP, are not typically used for bone marrow imaging but may have other applications in nuclear medicine.

Submit

9. 3. Radiochemical impurities often result from:

Introduction of water into the kit

Introduction of oxygen into the kit

Introduction of nitrogen into the kit

Radiochemical impurity is the activity that is present in forms other than the desired form and will affect the biodistribution
of the radiopharmaceutical. Introduction of air or water into the preparation vial can result in radiochemical impurity. During kit preparation, following addition of the isotope, an equivalent amount of gas may be withdrawn into the syringe to normalize the pressure in the vial.

Explanation

Radiochemical impurity is the activity that is present in forms other than the desired form and will affect the biodistribution
of the radiopharmaceutical. Introduction of air or water into the preparation vial can result in radiochemical impurity. During kit preparation, following addition of the isotope, an equivalent amount of gas may be withdrawn into the syringe to normalize the pressure in the vial.

Submit

10. 6. Which body decides on the acceptable levels of radionuclidic impurity?

USP

NRC

FDA

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has set a limit of 99Mo in 99mTc eluate at 0.15 μCi/mCi of 99mTc at the time the dose is administered. The United States Pharmacopeia regulates this radionuclidic impurity as well.

Explanation

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has set a limit of 99Mo in 99mTc eluate at 0.15 μCi/mCi of 99mTc at the time the dose is administered. The United States Pharmacopeia regulates this radionuclidic impurity as well.

Submit