Continental Drift, Sea Floor Spreading, Earths Layers

Explanation
The lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth's surface, and it is made up of the crust and the upper rigid mantle. The crust is the thin, solid outermost layer, while the upper rigid mantle is the solid layer beneath the crust. Together, they form the lithosphere, which is responsible for the movement of tectonic plates and the formation of continents and ocean basins. The inner and outer core are not part of the lithosphere, as they are located deeper within the Earth.

Explanation
Alfred Wegner was not skeptical about the theory of continental drift. In fact, he was the one who proposed the theory in the early 20th century. He gathered evidence from various fields such as geology, paleontology, and climatology to support his idea that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart. Despite facing initial skepticism from the scientific community, his theory laid the foundation for our understanding of plate tectonics today.

Explanation
The core of the object in question is made up of iron and nickel, which are represented by the chemical symbols Fe and Ni respectively.

Explanation
Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges formed by the movement of tectonic plates. The correct answer is magma because mid-ocean ridges are created through a process called seafloor spreading, where magma rises to the surface and solidifies, creating new oceanic crust. This continuous process of magma eruption and solidification leads to the formation of mid-ocean ridges. Therefore, magma is the main component that makes up mid-ocean ridges.