Comm 1310 - Chapter 15 - Final Exam Practice Quiz

Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort or tension that arises when a person holds conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or values. When new information contradicts their existing beliefs or thought patterns, individuals may experience this dissonance and feel compelled to change their thoughts or behavior in order to reduce the discomfort. This concept helps explain why people often resist or struggle to accept new information that conflicts with their preconceived notions or beliefs.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most fundamental needs are physiological needs, such as food, water, and shelter. Once these needs are met, individuals seek safety and security. After that, they look for social needs, which include the need for love, belonging, and friendship. Once social needs are fulfilled, individuals strive for self-esteem, which involves self-confidence and recognition from others. Finally, at the top of the hierarchy, individuals pursue self-actualization, which refers to achieving one's full potential and personal growth. Therefore, the correct order of the hierarchy of needs is physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, self-actualization.

The correct answer is Elaboration likelihood model. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) is a theory of persuasion that explains how people process and respond to persuasive messages. It suggests that there are two routes to persuasion: the central route, where people carefully evaluate the message and its arguments, and the peripheral route, where people are influenced by peripheral cues such as the speaker's attractiveness or credibility. The ELM emphasizes the importance of motivation and ability to process information in determining which route individuals will take.