Appendix, colon and rectum
Cecum
Appendix
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
Anal Canal
Rectum
Colon
Large bowel
Rectum
Anal Canal
Colon
Anal sphincter canal
Celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery
Celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and right and left gastric artery
Superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, and internal and external iliac arteries
Common iliac artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric arteries
Superior rectal artery
Middle rectal artery
Inferior rectal artery
Inferior mesenteric artery and its branches
Superior mesenteric artery and its branches
Duodenum
Jejunum
Small intestine and proximal colon
Mid-transverse colon to rectum
Cecum
Small intestine (other than duodenum) and proximal colon
Mid-transverse colon to rectum
Duodenum
Cecum
Rectum only
Mid-transverse colon to rectum
Colon and anal canal
Descending colon and rectum
Colon and rectum
Colon, cecum, and rectum
The rectum
The upper and middle rectum
Lower rectum
Anal sphincters and rectum
Anal sphincters only
The lower rectum
The middle rectum
The anal sphincters
Upper and middle rectum
The internal and external anal sphincters
The lower rectum
The uppper, middle, and lower rectum
The external sphincter only
The internal sphincter only
Portal vein
Iliac veins
Middle colic vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Mid-transverse colon
Entire transverse colon
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Ileum
Distention of the colonic wall
Distention of the small intestinal wall
The fermenting vat located in the cecum
Distention of the cecum wall
Relaxes, relaxes
Contracts, contracts
Relaxes, contracts
Contracts, relaxes
Lymphatic
Connective
Fibrinous
Intestinal mucosa
Obstruction of the lumen between the cecum and appendix
Inflammation due to an immune response
Constipation
Overuse of antibiotics
The inflamed tissue becomes infected and dies from lack of blood supply and eventually bursts
The inflamed tissue dies from lack of blood supply causing the appendix to burst
The obstruction causes pressure to build up and eventually causes the appendix to burst
The obstruction hardens the appendix eventually causing it to burst
Inflammatory bowel disease, infection, fecal stasis, calcium salts or undigested fiber- fecaliths, parasites, fb, and neoplasms
Infection, fecal stasis, calcium salts or undigested fiber-fecaliths, parasites, FB, and neoplasms, diarrhea
Fecal stasis, fecaliths, FB, gastric ulcer, infection, calcium salts or undigested fiber- fecaliths, parasites,and neoplasms
Suppositories, FB, neoplams, undigested fiber and calcium salts, calcium salts or undigested fiber-fecaliths, infection, fecal stasis, parasites
Acute appendicitis
Ovarian cyst
Volvulus
Acute pancreatitis
Acute cholecystitis
Pain: with gaurding, with rebound tenderness, with passive flexion of R hip, without passive flexion of L hip, and a positive obturator sign
Pain: without gaurding, with rebound tenderness, with passive flexion of R hip, without passive flexion of L hip, and a postivie obturator sign
Pain: without gaurding, with rebound tenderness, with passive flexion of R hip, with passive flexion of L hip, and a positive obturator sign
Pain: with gaurding, with rebound tenderness, with passive flexion of R hip, with passive flexion of L hip, and a positive obturator sign
Low grade fever less than 100.4F/38C
Moderate leukocytosis (10,000-20,000)
Ultrasound
CT (with contrast depending on body habitus)
CT (helpful if perforation is suspected to diagnose periappendiceal abscess)
Rectoanal inhibitory reflex
Voluntary relaxation of the pelvic floor and external sphincter mechanism
Voluntary increase in intra-abdominal pressure
Voluntary contraction of external sphincter
10%
20%
30%
50%
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