CMA Medical Terminology Study Worksheet

Pancreatitis refers to the inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach that produces enzymes and hormones necessary for digestion and blood sugar regulation. Inflammation of the pancreas can be caused by various factors such as alcohol abuse, gallstones, certain medications, and infections. Symptoms of pancreatitis include severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications. Therefore, identifying and treating the inflammation of the pancreas is crucial for proper management and prevention of further complications.

Appendicitis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the large intestine. When it becomes inflamed, it can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and fever. If left untreated, appendicitis can lead to complications such as a ruptured appendix, which is a medical emergency. Therefore, inflammation of the appendix is the most accurate description among the given options.

The gallbladder is a small sac located under the liver that functions to store bile. Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. When we eat, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. This explanation aligns with the given correct answer, which states that the gallbladder is a small sac under the liver that stores bile.

Sialadenitis refers to the inflammation of the salivary gland. This condition typically occurs due to an infection, such as a bacterial or viral infection, or a blockage in the salivary duct. The inflammation can cause pain, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, warm compresses, and maintaining good oral hygiene. Inflammation of the gallbladder is known as cholecystitis, while inflammation of the liver is called hepatitis.

The term "etiology" refers to the study of the cause of a disease or medical condition. In this context, it does not refer to inflammation of a salivary gland or inflammation of the liver. Instead, it specifically relates to the investigation and understanding of the underlying factors that contribute to the development and progression of a particular health issue.

A colectomy refers to the surgical procedure of removing the colon. The colon, also known as the large intestine, is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from digested food, as well as storing and eliminating waste. A colectomy may be performed for various reasons, including the treatment of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, or severe constipation. By removing the colon, the surgeon aims to alleviate symptoms, improve the patient's quality of life, and address the underlying condition that necessitated the procedure.

Splenorrhagia refers to the bursting forth of blood from the spleen. The term "spleno-" refers to the spleen, and "-rrhagia" refers to the bursting forth of blood. Therefore, the correct answer is "bursting forth of blood from the spleen."

Hyperbilirubinemia refers to high blood levels of a pigment called bilirubin, which is released by the liver along with bile. Bile is a substance produced by the liver that helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. When there is an excess of bilirubin in the blood, it can result in a yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice. This condition can occur due to various reasons, such as liver disease, obstruction of the bile ducts, or increased breakdown of red blood cells. Therefore, the given answer accurately describes hyperbilirubinemia.

A peptic ulcer refers to a sore or lesion that forms on the mucous membrane in the stomach or duodenum. This condition can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and nausea. It is commonly caused by the Helicobacter pylori bacteria or the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If left untreated, peptic ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation, or obstruction of the digestive tract. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat peptic ulcers promptly to prevent further complications.

The esophagus is a tube connecting the throat to the stomach. It is a muscular organ that helps transport food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach through a series of coordinated contractions. The ring of muscles mentioned in the options is likely referring to the lower esophageal sphincter, which helps prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. "Pertaining to the abdomen" is not a correct description of the esophagus, as it is located in the chest, not the abdomen.

The term "dysphagia" refers to the medical condition where a person experiences difficulty in swallowing. This can involve a range of issues, such as feeling like food is getting stuck in the throat or chest, pain while swallowing, or a sensation of choking. The symptoms mentioned in the question, "difficult chewing" and "hard to see," are not directly related to dysphagia. Therefore, the correct answer is "difficult swallowing."

The term "hemoptysis" refers to the act of spitting up blood from the respiratory tract and lungs. This condition occurs when there is bleeding in the respiratory system, which can be caused by various factors such as infections, lung diseases, or trauma. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing hemoptysis, as it can be a sign of a serious underlying condition.

The correct answer is "inflammation of the liver caused by type a, b, or c". Hepatitis refers to the inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by various factors including viral infections. Types A, B, and C are three common types of viral hepatitis that can cause inflammation in the liver.

The correct answer is "new opening between two parts of the jejunum." The term "jejunojejunostomy" refers to a surgical procedure that creates a new opening or connection between two parts of the jejunum, which is a section of the small intestine. This procedure is commonly performed to treat certain conditions such as intestinal obstruction or to bypass damaged or diseased sections of the intestine.

The correct answer is "tissue surrounding the tooth." The periodontal membrane, also known as the periodontal ligament, is a specialized connective tissue that surrounds and supports the tooth. It attaches the tooth root to the surrounding bone, providing stability and cushioning during chewing and biting. It also helps to anchor the tooth in its socket and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and integrity of the tooth and surrounding structures.

Hepatomegaly refers to the enlargement of the liver. This condition can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, certain medications, or infections. When the liver becomes enlarged, it can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, fatigue, and jaundice. Diagnosis is typically done through physical examination, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery. It is important to address hepatomegaly promptly to prevent further complications and manage any underlying conditions.

The term "menorrhagia" refers to heavy menstrual discharge. It is a medical condition characterized by abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. This can cause women to experience excessive bleeding, longer periods, or the need to change sanitary protection frequently. Menorrhagia can be caused by various factors such as hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, or certain medications. It is important for women experiencing heavy menstrual discharge to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Colonitis refers to the inflammation of the large intestine. The term "col-" refers to the colon, which is another name for the large intestine. "-itis" is a suffix used to indicate inflammation. Therefore, colonitis specifically refers to inflammation occurring in the large intestine. This condition can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.

Lymphangiectasis refers to the condition of dilation or enlargement of a lymph vessel. It is characterized by the abnormal widening of the lymphatic vessels, which are responsible for carrying lymph fluid throughout the body. This condition can occur due to various factors such as congenital abnormalities, infections, or blockages in the lymphatic system. The dilation of lymph vessels can lead to symptoms like swelling, pain, and impaired lymphatic drainage. Therefore, the given answer "dilation of a lymph vessel" accurately describes the meaning of lymphangiectasis.

Enterocolitis refers to the inflammation of both the small and large intestine. This condition can be caused by various factors such as infections, immune disorders, or certain medications. Symptoms of enterocolitis may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and sometimes bloody stools. The inflammation can disrupt the normal functioning of the intestines, leading to digestive problems and discomfort. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause, managing symptoms, and providing supportive care to promote healing of the intestines.

Esophageal atresia refers to a congenital condition where there is a lack of continuity in the esophagus, the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. This means that the esophagus is not properly formed or connected, leading to difficulties in digestion. The presence of bright, fresh red blood in the stool could be a symptom of this condition, indicating that there may be bleeding in the digestive tract due to the abnormality in the esophagus.

Gingivitis refers to the inflammation of the gums. It is a common oral health condition characterized by redness, swelling, and tenderness of the gum tissue. Poor oral hygiene, plaque buildup, and bacterial infection are often the main causes of gingivitis. If left untreated, it can progress to a more severe form of gum disease called periodontitis. Regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings are essential in preventing and managing gingivitis.

Choledochotomy refers to the surgical procedure of making an incision in the common bile duct. This is done to remove any obstructions or stones that may be blocking the flow of bile from the liver to the small intestine. The other options mentioned, such as a stone in a salivary gland or inflammation of the colon, are unrelated to the common bile duct and do not involve a choledochotomy.

Stomatitis refers to inflammation of the mouth, which can affect various parts such as the gums, lips, and other oral tissues. This inflammation can be caused by various factors such as infections, irritants, or autoimmune conditions. It is characterized by symptoms like pain, redness, swelling, and sores in the mouth. Therefore, the correct answer is "inflammation of the mouth."

Pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the opening between the stomach and the intestine. This narrowing can lead to symptoms such as projectile vomiting, weight loss, and dehydration. It typically occurs in infants and requires surgical intervention to widen the opening. The other options, enlarging of the opening between the liver and the stomach and brain tumor, are not associated with pyloric stenosis and do not explain the symptoms mentioned.

Palatoplasty refers to a surgical procedure that aims to repair the roof of the mouth. This procedure is commonly performed to correct cleft palate, a birth defect where the roof of the mouth does not fully close during fetal development. By surgically repairing the palate, the procedure helps improve speech, feeding, and overall oral function. The other options mentioned, such as surgical repair of the lips or inner dermis, are not accurate descriptions of palatoplasty.

The correct answer is the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ located under the stomach that produces insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels in the body. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Laparoscopy is a medical procedure that involves inserting a thin, lighted tube called a laparoscope into the abdomen through a small incision. This allows doctors to visually examine the organs and tissues in the abdominal area. Therefore, the correct answer is "visual examination of the abdomen".

Peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. This condition typically occurs due to infection or irritation, leading to symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness. It is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention as it can lead to complications such as abscess formation or sepsis.

The term "buccal" refers to something that is related to the cheek. It is derived from the Latin word "bucca," which means cheek. Therefore, when something is described as buccal, it is specifically referring to its location or association with the cheek.

A choledochojejunostomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new opening between the common bile duct (which carries bile from the liver) and the jejunum (a part of the small intestine). This procedure is commonly performed to bypass a blockage or obstruction in the common bile duct, allowing bile to flow directly into the small intestine for digestion. The other options mentioned in the question, such as a new opening between the lips and mouth or between the liver and colon, are not relevant to the term "choledochojejunostomy".

The term "ileitis" refers to inflammation specifically in the third part of the small intestine. It does not refer to inflammation of the skin or the first part of the large intestine.

A sphincter refers to a ring of muscles that can contract and relax to control the flow of substances through a particular passage or opening in the body. This can be found in various parts of the body, such as the digestive system, urinary system, and reproductive system. These muscles help regulate the movement of fluids or materials, ensuring proper functioning and preventing backflow or leakage.

Steatorrhea refers to the condition where there is an excessive discharge of fat in the feces. This occurs when the body is unable to properly digest and absorb fats from the diet. As a result, undigested fats pass through the digestive system and are eliminated in the stool. Steatorrhea can be caused by various factors such as pancreatic disorders, malabsorption syndromes, or certain medications. The presence of fat in the feces can be identified through its appearance, which is usually greasy, bulky, and foul-smelling.

Ascites is defined as the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen. This condition typically occurs as a result of liver disease, where the liver is unable to effectively filter and process blood. As a result, fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity, causing swelling and discomfort. Ascites can also be caused by other conditions such as heart failure, kidney disease, or certain cancers. Treatment for ascites focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may include medications, dietary changes, or in severe cases, drainage of the fluid through a procedure called paracentesis.

A colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates a new opening from the large bowel to the surface of the body. This is done when there is a need to divert the flow of stool or waste material from the colon or rectum. The procedure involves bringing a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall and attaching it to the skin, creating a stoma. Waste material then passes through the stoma into a bag or pouch that is worn externally. This helps to bypass any obstructions or diseases in the lower gastrointestinal tract and allows for the elimination of waste.

Lipase is an enzyme that is responsible for breaking down fats in the digestive system. It helps in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats by breaking them down into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. This process allows the body to utilize and absorb fats for energy and other metabolic functions. Therefore, the given answer accurately describes the role and function of lipase in the digestion of fats.

Peristalsis refers to the muscular wave-like movement that occurs in the digestive system to transport food. This movement helps to propel food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, allowing for the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients to occur. It is an essential mechanism that ensures the smooth functioning of the digestive system and enables the body to extract necessary nutrients from the food we consume.

The large intestine is the correct answer because it is the last part of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and forming feces. It is larger in diameter compared to the small intestine and is located after the small intestine in the digestive tract.

Intussusception refers to the telescoping or folding of one segment of the intestines into another segment, causing a blockage. This condition is most common in infants and young children and can lead to severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to correct the telescoping and relieve the obstruction. The other options, viewing of the brain and telescoping of the liver, are unrelated to the term "intussusception" and do not accurately describe the condition.

Sialadenolithiasis refers to the presence of a stone in a salivary gland. This condition occurs when calcium deposits or other substances accumulate and form a stone within the salivary gland ducts. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and difficulty in producing saliva. Treatment options can include conservative measures such as hydration and warm compresses, as well as surgical removal of the stone if necessary.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is responsible for receiving partially digested food from the stomach and further breaking it down with the help of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. This part of the small intestine is crucial for the absorption of nutrients and plays a vital role in the digestive process.

The correct answer is "rrhaphy." This term refers to the surgical procedure of suturing or stitching together a wound or incision. The suffix "-rrhaphy" is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate the act of suturing. Therefore, "rrhaphy" is the correct spelling and form of the word in this context.

Cheilosis refers to an abnormal condition of the lip. It is characterized by inflammation, dryness, cracking, and sometimes painful sores on the lips. This condition can be caused by various factors such as vitamin deficiencies, fungal or bacterial infections, or certain medical conditions. Treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause and providing relief from symptoms through measures like keeping the lips moisturized and using topical medications.

Dyspepsia refers to a condition characterized by discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, often accompanied by symptoms such as bloating, nausea, and a feeling of fullness. It is commonly associated with difficulty in digesting food, leading to the term "difficult digestion" as the correct answer. The other options, "easy flow" and "hard to swallow," do not accurately describe the symptoms of dyspepsia.

Cholisistitis refers to the inflammation of the gallbladder. The term "choli-" is derived from the Greek word "chole," which means bile, and "-sistitis" refers to inflammation. The gallbladder is a small organ located beneath the liver, responsible for storing and concentrating bile produced by the liver. Inflammation of the gallbladder can occur due to various reasons, such as gallstones blocking the bile ducts or infection. Symptoms of cholisistitis may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Prompt medical attention is necessary to treat this condition and prevent complications.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is responsible for receiving partially digested food from the stomach and further breaking it down with the help of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. This part of the small intestine plays a crucial role in the absorption of nutrients from the digested food before it moves on to the next parts of the digestive system.

Cholecystolithiasis refers to the presence of calculi, or stones, in the sac that stores bile, known as the gallbladder. This condition occurs when bile components, such as cholesterol or bilirubin, harden and form stones in the gallbladder. These stones can cause blockages in the bile ducts and lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice. Therefore, the correct answer is "calculi in the sac that stores bile."

The correct answer is the second part of the small intestine. The small intestine is divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption, including proteins and carbohydrates.

The correct answer is "throat" because it is the part of the body that connects the mouth and nose to the esophagus and windpipe. It plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing, breathing, and producing sound. The throat also contains the tonsils and the epiglottis, which help protect the airway and prevent food from entering the lungs.