CLEP - Principles Of Management
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Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which managerial function is characterized by a manger assigning employees tasks and granting them the authority to complete them?
- A.
Leading
- B.
Controlling
- C.
Staffing
- D.
Planning
- E.
Organizing
Correct Answer
E. OrganizingExplanation
Organizing is the managerial function that involves assigning tasks to employees and granting them the authority to complete those tasks. This function focuses on structuring the resources and activities of the organization in order to achieve its goals effectively. By organizing, managers ensure that the right people are assigned the right tasks, and they are given the necessary authority and resources to carry out their responsibilities. This helps in creating a clear hierarchy, establishing coordination, and enhancing productivity within the organization.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A collective bargaining agreement functions as which of the following?
- A.
Arbitration proxy
- B.
Right-to-work guarantee
- C.
Grievance procedure
- D.
Labor contract
- E.
Labor contract
Correct Answer
D. Labor contractExplanation
A collective bargaining agreement functions as a labor contract. It is a legally binding agreement between an employer and a labor union that outlines the terms and conditions of employment for the workers represented by the union. The agreement covers various aspects such as wages, benefits, working hours, and grievance procedures. It is negotiated through collective bargaining and serves as a framework for the employment relationship between the employer and the employees.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The consistent line of relationship from the top to the bottom of an organization is called the
- A.
Division of labor
- B.
Chain of command
- C.
Mission statement
- D.
Span of control
- E.
Means-end chain
Correct Answer
B. Chain of commandExplanation
The chain of command refers to the clear and hierarchical line of authority and communication within an organization. It establishes who reports to whom and ensures that there is a clear flow of information and decision-making from top-level management to lower-level employees. This structure helps maintain order, accountability, and efficient functioning within the organization.Rate this question:
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- 4.
If a retail sales manger instructs each salesperson to sell at least 12 cell phone plans each day, this would be an example of what kind of goal?
- A.
Tactical
- B.
Strategic
- C.
Operational
- D.
Long-term goal
- E.
Open-ended goal
Correct Answer
C. OperationalExplanation
This goal is an example of an operational goal because it focuses on the day-to-day tasks and activities that need to be performed in order to achieve the overall objectives of the organization. The sales manager is providing specific instructions to the salespeople on the number of cell phone plans they should sell each day, which is a tactical and operational aspect of the business. This goal is not long-term or open-ended as it has a specific target and timeframe.Rate this question:
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- 5.
According to the system management theory, which of the following would NOT be considered to be an input?
- A.
Capital
- B.
Products
- C.
Raw materials
- D.
Employees
- E.
Machinery
Correct Answer
B. ProductsExplanation
In the system management theory, inputs are the resources or elements that are used to produce outputs. Capital, raw materials, employees, and machinery are all considered inputs because they contribute to the production process. However, products are not considered inputs as they are the result or output of the production process.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Answering for one's own actions and accepting responsibility for them is known as
- A.
Power
- B.
Authority
- C.
Leadership
- D.
Accountability
- E.
Mangement
Correct Answer
D. AccountabilityExplanation
Accountability refers to the act of taking responsibility for one's own actions. It involves acknowledging the consequences of one's decisions and behaviors, whether positive or negative. By being accountable, individuals demonstrate their willingness to accept ownership of their actions and the outcomes that arise from them. This trait is essential in various aspects of life, including personal relationships, professional settings, and leadership roles. It fosters trust, integrity, and growth, as individuals are held responsible for their choices and are motivated to learn from their mistakes.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following relationship were the Hawthrone experiments originally designed to study
- A.
The impact of illumination on factory worker output
- B.
The impact of body mechanics on factory worker output
- C.
The impact of factory worker output on business profitability
- D.
The impact of workforce diversity on business profitability
- E.
The impact of business profitability on social responibility
Correct Answer
A. The impact of illumination on factory worker outputExplanation
The Hawthorne experiments were originally designed to study the impact of illumination on factory worker output. These experiments were conducted at the Western Electric Hawthorne Works in Chicago between 1924 and 1932. The researchers wanted to determine whether changing the lighting conditions in the workplace would have an effect on productivity. They found that regardless of whether the lighting was increased or decreased, worker output improved. This led to the discovery of the Hawthorne effect, which suggests that workers' productivity can be influenced by factors other than just the physical environment.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which of the following would be an example of a change in a restaurant manager's internal environment?
- A.
A change in the health code
- B.
Revision made in waitstaff procedures
- C.
A meat supplier raising its prices
- D.
The development of a refrigerator that indicates when food has spoiled
- E.
A similar restaurant opening in town
Correct Answer
B. Revision made in waitstaff proceduresExplanation
A revision made in waitstaff procedures would be an example of a change in a restaurant manager's internal environment because it involves changes made within the restaurant's own operations and processes. This change directly affects the internal functioning of the restaurant and how the waitstaff carries out their duties. It does not involve external factors such as health code changes, supplier prices, or the presence of a similar restaurant in town.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Joseph Juran believed that most quality problems are the fault of
- A.
Managers
- B.
Machinery
- C.
Suppliers
- D.
Workers
- E.
Competitiors
Correct Answer
A. ManagersExplanation
Joseph Juran believed that most quality problems are the fault of Managers. Juran emphasized the importance of management's role in ensuring quality and believed that managers have the responsibility to set and enforce quality standards, provide resources and training to employees, and create a culture of continuous improvement. He believed that managers have the power to influence and control the processes that affect quality, and therefore, they are primarily responsible for preventing and solving quality problems.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A system's tendency to go toward inefficiency if left to its own devices is known as
- A.
An open system
- B.
A closed system
- C.
Synergy
- D.
Entropy
- E.
A subsystem
Correct Answer
D. EntropyExplanation
Entropy is the correct answer because it refers to a system's tendency to go toward inefficiency if left to its own devices. Entropy is a measure of disorder or randomness in a system, and in the context of systems theory, it describes the natural tendency of a system to move from a state of order to a state of disorder over time. This concept is commonly used in fields such as thermodynamics and information theory to explain the natural progression towards chaos and inefficiency in systems.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which of the following statements about communication in the workplace in valid?
- A.
Communication only flows upwards
- B.
Communication only flows downwards
- C.
Communication only flows horizontally
- D.
Communication only flows upwards and downwards
- E.
Communications flow upwards, downwards, and horizontally
Correct Answer
E. Communications flow upwards, downwards, and horizontallyExplanation
Communication in the workplace is not limited to a single direction. It flows in multiple directions, including upwards, downwards, and horizontally. This means that communication occurs between employees and their superiors (upwards), between superiors and their subordinates (downwards), and between colleagues at the same level (horizontally). Effective communication in all directions is essential for a well-functioning workplace and ensures that information, feedback, and ideas are shared and understood by all members of the organization.Rate this question:
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- 12.
An organization leader responsible for securing the financial resources to carry out an innovative projects is known as which of the following?
- A.
Creative backer
- B.
Product champion
- C.
Technical innovator
- D.
Executive champion
- E.
Concept architect
Correct Answer
D. Executive championExplanation
An executive champion is an organizational leader who is responsible for securing the financial resources to carry out innovative projects. They play a crucial role in advocating for and supporting these projects within the organization, ensuring that they receive the necessary funding and resources to be successful. This role requires strong leadership skills and the ability to effectively communicate the value and potential of the projects to stakeholders and decision-makers.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of following is an example of how a manger can employ boundary spanning?
- A.
Attend industry-related conferences
- B.
Promote from within
- C.
Raise sales quotas
- D.
Eliminate overtime
- E.
Revise company procedures
Correct Answer
A. Attend industry-related conferencesExplanation
Attending industry-related conferences is an example of how a manager can employ boundary spanning. By attending these conferences, managers can establish connections and build relationships with professionals from other organizations and industries. This allows them to gather information, share ideas, and stay updated on industry trends and best practices. It also provides opportunities for collaboration and partnership, which can benefit the manager's own organization.Rate this question:
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- 14.
All managers can be considered to be what type of managers?
- A.
Marketing
- B.
Sales
- C.
Customer service
- D.
Human resource
- E.
Production
Correct Answer
D. Human resourceExplanation
The given question asks about the type of managers that all managers can be considered as. The correct answer is "Human resource" because regardless of the specific department or function they oversee, all managers have the responsibility of managing and leading the people within their organization. Human resource management involves managing employees, their recruitment, training, performance evaluation, and other aspects related to the workforce. Therefore, all managers can be considered as human resource managers in the broader sense.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following components of an e-business is included under the term e-commerce?
- A.
Facility design
- B.
Sales
- C.
Human resources
- D.
Strategic planning
- E.
Succession planning
Correct Answer
B. SalesExplanation
E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. Sales is a key component of e-commerce as it involves the process of selling products or services online. It includes activities such as product listing, order processing, payment transactions, and customer support. Therefore, sales is included under the term e-commerce as it is an essential part of conducting business online.Rate this question:
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- 16.
A tax that is placed on a country's or region's imports and/or exports as a result of a political event is known as a(n)
- A.
Tariff
- B.
Quota
- C.
Exchange rate
- D.
Infrastructure
- E.
Embargo
Correct Answer
A. TariffExplanation
A tax that is placed on a country's or region's imports and/or exports as a result of a political event is known as a tariff. Tariffs are often used as a tool by governments to protect domestic industries, control trade, or retaliate against other countries. They can be imposed on specific goods or across a wide range of products, and they increase the cost of imported goods, making them less competitive in the domestic market. Tariffs can also be used to generate revenue for the government.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Which school of management focus on the human-based elements of work?
- A.
Classical
- B.
Quantitative
- C.
Behavioral
- D.
Contingency
- E.
Quality
Correct Answer
C. BehavioralExplanation
The school of management that focuses on the human-based elements of work is the behavioral school. This school emphasizes the importance of understanding human behavior and motivation in order to effectively manage and lead employees. It recognizes that individuals have different needs, motivations, and attitudes, and that these factors greatly influence their performance and productivity in the workplace. The behavioral school of management places a strong emphasis on creating a positive work environment, fostering good relationships between managers and employees, and using incentives and rewards to motivate individuals to perform at their best.Rate this question:
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- 18.
A decision-making technique that shows a complete picture of several alternative decision paths is called a(n)
- A.
Simulation
- B.
Payback analysis
- C.
Decision tree
- D.
Brainstorming
- E.
Organizational chart
Correct Answer
C. Decision treeExplanation
A decision tree is a decision-making technique that visually represents different decision paths and their potential outcomes. It provides a comprehensive view of the alternatives available and helps in evaluating the potential consequences of each decision. By mapping out different paths, decision makers can analyze the risks and benefits associated with each option and make an informed choice. Decision trees are particularly useful when dealing with complex decisions that involve multiple variables and uncertainties. They help in systematically exploring different possibilities and identifying the optimal course of action.Rate this question:
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- 19.
According to Henry Mintzberg, which of the following is NOT a decisional managerial role?
- A.
Monitor
- B.
Disturbance handler
- C.
Entrepreneur
- D.
Negotiator
- E.
Resource allocator
Correct Answer
A. MonitorExplanation
According to Henry Mintzberg, the decisional managerial roles include being a disturbance handler, entrepreneur, negotiator, and resource allocator. However, the role of a monitor is not considered a decisional managerial role. The monitor role involves gathering and analyzing information, keeping track of performance indicators, and staying updated on changes in the external environment. While monitoring is an important aspect of managerial work, it is not directly involved in making decisions or taking actions.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A top-level manager would most likely be involved in devising which of the following goal types?
- A.
Strategic
- B.
Short-term
- C.
Tactical
- D.
Operational
- E.
Open-ended
Correct Answer
A. StrategicExplanation
A top-level manager would most likely be involved in devising strategic goals. Strategic goals are long-term objectives that focus on the overall direction and success of the organization. These goals are typically set by top-level management and involve making decisions that affect the entire organization. Short-term goals, tactical goals, and operational goals are typically set by middle and lower-level managers and focus on more specific and immediate objectives. Open-ended goals are not a recognized goal type in management.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Which of the following helps to reduce customer waiting time and costs by properly allocating workstations and human resources?
- A.
Quotas
- B.
MBTI
- C.
Queuing theory
- D.
MIS
- E.
Payback analysis
Correct Answer
C. Queuing theoryExplanation
Queuing theory is a mathematical approach that helps in reducing customer waiting time and costs by efficiently allocating workstations and human resources. It involves analyzing and optimizing the flow of customers through a system, taking into consideration factors such as arrival rates, service rates, and the number of servers available. By using queuing theory, businesses can make informed decisions about resource allocation, staffing levels, and service improvements to minimize waiting times and costs for customers.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Laura and Sal are both customer service representatives. Laura works from 8 am to 3 pm daily, and Sal works from 10 am to 5 pm daily. This situation is an example of
- A.
Twinning
- B.
Flextime
- C.
Job enrichment
- D.
Telecommuting
- E.
Job enlargement
Correct Answer
B. FlextimeExplanation
This situation is an example of flextime because both Laura and Sal have the flexibility to choose their own start and end times within a specified range. Laura chooses to work from 8 am to 3 pm, while Sal chooses to work from 10 am to 5 pm. Flextime allows employees to have control over their work schedule, which can help improve work-life balance and accommodate personal needs or preferences.Rate this question:
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- 23.
An employee can refer to a work schedule to find out all of the following EXCEPT
- A.
Which projects are currently underway
- B.
Funds that have been allocated to a project
- C.
Assignments for work teams
- D.
Assignments for individual employees
- E.
Deadlines
Correct Answer
B. Funds that have been allocated to a projectExplanation
An employee can refer to a work schedule to find out which projects are currently underway, assignments for work teams, assignments for individual employees, and deadlines. However, the work schedule does not typically include information about the funds that have been allocated to a project. This financial information is usually managed and communicated separately from the work schedule.Rate this question:
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- 24.
The European Union was established by which of the following?
- A.
Plaza Accord
- B.
Maastricht Treaty
- C.
Treaty of Versailles
- D.
Treaty of Paris
- E.
Marshall Plan
Correct Answer
B. Maastricht TreatyExplanation
The Maastricht Treaty is the correct answer because it is the treaty that established the European Union. Signed in 1992 in Maastricht, Netherlands, the treaty laid the foundation for the EU by creating a framework for political and economic integration among member states. It established the European Central Bank, introduced the euro as the common currency, and expanded the EU's competences in areas such as foreign policy and justice. The treaty also introduced the concept of European citizenship, granting EU citizens additional rights and protections.Rate this question:
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- 25.
An employee’s benefits package may includeI. salaryII. vacation timeIII. a bonus
- A.
I only
- B.
II only
- C.
III only
- D.
II and III only
- E.
I, II, and III
Correct Answer
D. II and III onlyExplanation
The correct answer is II and III only. This means that an employee's benefits package may include vacation time and a bonus, but not necessarily a salary. Salaries are typically part of an employee's regular compensation and not considered a part of their benefits package. However, vacation time and bonuses are additional perks that employers may offer to their employees as part of their benefits package.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which of the following most likely represents a lapse in business social responsibility?
- A.
Publicizing a recent manufacturing plant closure
- B.
Authorizing a global recall of a defective product
- C.
Minimizing costs spent to ensure quality control
- D.
Whistle-blowing regarding suspected misconduct
- E.
Devoting resources to corporate philanthropy
Correct Answer
C. Minimizing costs spent to ensure quality controlExplanation
Minimizing costs spent to ensure quality control represents a lapse in business social responsibility because it prioritizes cutting expenses over ensuring the safety and satisfaction of customers. This action can lead to the production of faulty or unsafe products, potentially harming consumers and damaging the company's reputation. Business social responsibility involves considering the well-being of all stakeholders, including customers, employees, and the community, and prioritizing ethical practices and quality standards.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Which of the following types of management is responsible for monitoring the conversion of inputs to outputs?
- A.
Sales
- B.
Marketing
- C.
Customer service
- D.
Operations
- E.
Human resources
Correct Answer
D. OperationsExplanation
Operations management is responsible for monitoring the conversion of inputs to outputs. This involves overseeing the production process, ensuring that resources are efficiently utilized, and quality standards are met. Operations management focuses on improving productivity, reducing costs, and maximizing efficiency in the production and delivery of goods and services. It involves activities such as planning, organizing, controlling, and coordinating various aspects of the production process to achieve organizational goals.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Which of the following terms best describes a corporation’s hiring policy?
- A.
A single-use plan
- B.
A standing plan
- C.
A strategic plan
- D.
A short-term plan
- E.
A tactical plan
Correct Answer
B. A standing planExplanation
A standing plan is a term that best describes a corporation's hiring policy. A standing plan refers to a set of policies and procedures that are designed to be used repeatedly over time. In the context of a corporation's hiring policy, a standing plan would outline the company's standard procedures for recruiting, interviewing, and selecting new employees. This plan would be in place for an extended period and would be used consistently for all hiring needs.Rate this question:
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- 29.
If a team leader believes that a lack of cohesiveness is hurting a team’s performance, what would be the most effective action to take?
- A.
Reward individual accomplishments
- B.
Revise the team’s project mission
- C.
Disband the team
- D.
Reward team accomplishments
- E.
Have team members alternate responsibilities
Correct Answer
D. Reward team accomplishmentsExplanation
Rewarding team accomplishments would be the most effective action to take if a team leader believes that a lack of cohesiveness is hurting a team's performance. By recognizing and rewarding the achievements of the entire team, it promotes a sense of unity and collaboration among team members. This can help improve cohesiveness and motivate individuals to work together towards a common goal. Rewarding team accomplishments also encourages teamwork and fosters a positive team culture, which can ultimately enhance the team's performance.Rate this question:
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- 30.
According to Total Quality Management (TQM), what would the relationship be between a stereo manufacturer and a retail store salesperson that sells the stereo?
- A.
The salesperson is the stereo manufacturer’s supplier.
- B.
The stereo manufacturer is salesperson’s customer.
- C.
The salesperson is the stereo manufacturer’s wholesaler.
- D.
The salesperson is the stereo manufacturer’s employee.
- E.
The salesperson is the stereo manufacturer’s customer.
Correct Answer
E. The salesperson is the stereo manufacturer’s customer.Explanation
In Total Quality Management (TQM), the relationship between a stereo manufacturer and a retail store salesperson that sells the stereo would be that the salesperson is the stereo manufacturer's customer. This means that the salesperson purchases the stereo from the manufacturer in order to sell it to customers. The manufacturer relies on the salesperson to buy their product and generate sales.Rate this question:
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- 31.
An employee is LEAST likely to attain a goal that
- A.
Consists of familiar tasks
- B.
Is measurable
- C.
Is associated with a reward
- D.
Is vague
- E.
Has a deadline
Correct Answer
D. Is vagueExplanation
An employee is least likely to attain a goal that is vague because vague goals lack clarity and specificity, making it difficult for the employee to understand exactly what is expected of them. Without clear guidelines or objectives, the employee may struggle to determine the necessary steps to achieve the goal and may become demotivated or confused. In contrast, goals that consist of familiar tasks, are measurable, associated with a reward, or have a deadline provide clear direction and a sense of purpose, increasing the likelihood of successful goal attainment.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Management theorist Peter Drucker believes that which of the following is key to good leadership?
- A.
Initiative
- B.
Consistency
- C.
Cleverness
- D.
Popularity
- E.
Drive
Correct Answer
B. ConsistencyExplanation
Consistency is key to good leadership according to management theorist Peter Drucker. Being consistent in one's actions and decisions helps to build trust and credibility among team members. Consistency also ensures that leaders are fair and predictable, which fosters a positive and stable work environment. Additionally, consistent leadership helps to create a sense of direction and purpose, as team members know what to expect and can align their efforts accordingly.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which of the following statements about the laissez-faire style of leadership is valid?
- A.
The leader makes all decisions.
- B.
The leader assigns roles to team members.
- C.
It works best with a motivated, experienced, and skilled team.
- D.
The leader is unavailable to his or her subordinates.
- E.
The leader acts as a mediator.
Correct Answer
C. It works best with a motivated, experienced, and skilled team.Explanation
The valid statement about the laissez-faire style of leadership is that it works best with a motivated, experienced, and skilled team. This style of leadership is characterized by minimal interference from the leader, allowing team members to have autonomy and make decisions on their own. It is most effective when team members are self-motivated, knowledgeable, and capable of working independently.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following is a network scheduling system designed to speed up the process of project management?
- A.
PERT
- B.
MIS
- C.
TQM
- D.
MBTI
- E.
LAN
Correct Answer
A. PERTExplanation
The correct answer is PERT. PERT stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique, which is a network scheduling system that is used to streamline and expedite the project management process. PERT helps in planning, scheduling, and controlling tasks involved in a project, allowing for better coordination and efficiency. It is particularly useful for complex and time-sensitive projects where multiple activities and dependencies need to be managed effectively.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which of the following is NOT an effect of an increase in the use of computer technology in the workplace?
- A.
Some employees have developed computer-related disabilities.
- B.
Employees are able to be more productive in less time.
- C.
Technological training is required.
- D.
Technological resources have replaced some human resources.
- E.
Communication costs have increased.
Correct Answer
E. Communication costs have increased.Explanation
An increase in the use of computer technology in the workplace has led to several effects. Some employees have developed computer-related disabilities due to prolonged computer use. Employees are able to be more productive in less time as computer technology automates tasks and improves efficiency. Technological training is required to ensure employees can effectively use the computer technology. Technological resources have replaced some human resources as computers can perform certain tasks more efficiently. However, communication costs have not increased as computer technology has made communication faster, easier, and more cost-effective.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The 14 principles of management were developed by
- A.
Chester Bernard
- B.
Henri Fayol
- C.
Frederick Taylor
- D.
Douglas McGregor
- E.
Max Weber
Correct Answer
B. Henri FayolExplanation
Henri Fayol is the correct answer because he is widely recognized as the developer of the 14 principles of management. Fayol was a French mining engineer and management theorist who proposed these principles in his book "General and Industrial Management" in 1916. These principles provide a framework for effective management practices and cover various aspects such as division of work, unity of command, scalar chain, and more. Fayol's principles have had a significant influence on modern management theory and are still widely taught and applied in organizations today.Rate this question:
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- 37.
A government-imposed regulation that sets a limit for the importation of a certain product in a given year is a(n)
- A.
Exchange rate
- B.
Quota
- C.
Embargo
- D.
Infrastructure
- E.
Tariff
Correct Answer
B. QuotaExplanation
A government-imposed regulation that sets a limit for the importation of a certain product in a given year is referred to as a quota. Quotas are used to restrict the quantity of imported goods in order to protect domestic industries, control trade balance, or address national security concerns. By setting a limit on imports, the government aims to regulate the availability of a specific product in the domestic market and potentially promote local production.Rate this question:
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- 38.
According to David McClelland’s acquired needs theory, which of the following would be LEAST important to an individual with a high need for power?
- A.
Being in charge
- B.
Having influence over others
- C.
Status
- D.
Competition
- E.
Effective performance
Correct Answer
E. Effective performanceExplanation
An individual with a high need for power is primarily motivated by the desire to control and influence others. They are driven by the need to have authority and make decisions. Effective performance, while important in general, may be considered least important to them as their main focus is on exerting power and control over others rather than achieving high performance themselves.Rate this question:
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- 39.
If a college student signed up for a course based on the recommendation of an advisor who has always made wise suggestions in the past, which type of power would the advisor have?
- A.
Referent
- B.
Legitimate
- C.
Reward
- D.
Coercive
- E.
Expert
Correct Answer
E. ExpertExplanation
The advisor would have expert power. Expert power is based on the knowledge, skills, and expertise that a person possesses. In this scenario, the advisor's past track record of making wise suggestions indicates that they have a high level of expertise in recommending courses. The college student trusts the advisor's judgment and signs up for the course based on their expert knowledge.Rate this question:
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- 40.
Reengineering brings about improvement in quality by
- A.
Having issues proceed through a number of channels before decisions are made regarding them
- B.
Adhering to rules and protocol
- C.
Radically restructuring processes to bring about fast change
- D.
Working toward steady, continuous, incremental improvement.
- E.
Focusing on long term goals and solutions
Correct Answer
C. Radically restructuring processes to bring about fast changeExplanation
Reengineering involves making significant changes to existing processes in order to achieve rapid and transformative improvements. By restructuring processes, organizations can eliminate inefficiencies, streamline workflows, and implement new technologies or strategies that lead to fast and impactful changes. This approach aims to bring about a radical shift in the way things are done, rather than making incremental improvements over time. The focus is on achieving quick and substantial results, rather than adhering to rules or protocols or working towards long-term goals.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Who among the following was NOT a contributor to the quality movement?
- A.
Armand V. Feigenbaum
- B.
Frederick Herzberg
- C.
W. Edwards Deming
- D.
Joseph Juran
- E.
Philip B. Crosby
Correct Answer
B. Frederick HerzbergExplanation
Frederick Herzberg was not a contributor to the quality movement. While he made significant contributions to the field of management and motivation, his work focused primarily on job satisfaction and motivation factors, known as the Two-Factor Theory. He did not specifically contribute to the quality movement, which was more focused on improving processes and product/service quality.Rate this question:
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- 42.
A single-use plan is an example of a(n)
- A.
Tactical plan
- B.
Strategic plan
- C.
Operational plan
- D.
Ongoing plan
- E.
Contingency plan
Correct Answer
C. Operational planExplanation
An operational plan refers to a detailed plan that outlines the specific actions, tasks, and procedures required to achieve the day-to-day objectives of an organization. A single-use plan, on the other hand, is a plan that is developed for a one-time, specific purpose or event. Since an operational plan focuses on the ongoing activities and processes of an organization, it aligns well with the concept of a single-use plan, making it the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 43.
An organization is most likely to be decentralized under which of the following circumstances?
- A.
There are risky and consequential decisions to make.
- B.
Low-level managers are relatively unskilled or inexperienced.
- C.
The organization has traditionally been centralized.
- D.
The external environment is dynamic.
- E.
The organization is strongly procedure and policy-based.
Correct Answer
D. The external environment is dynamic.Explanation
An organization is most likely to be decentralized under the circumstance when the external environment is dynamic. In a dynamic environment, the organization needs to be flexible and adaptable to respond quickly to changes and uncertainties. Decentralization allows for decision-making authority to be distributed to lower levels of the organization, enabling faster decision-making and better responsiveness to the changing external conditions. This helps the organization to effectively navigate through the challenges and opportunities presented by the dynamic environment.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Bureaucracies are traditionally known for being
- A.
Informal
- B.
Quick to respond
- C.
Flexible
- D.
Procedure-based
- E.
Creative
Correct Answer
D. Procedure-basedExplanation
Bureaucracies are traditionally known for being procedure-based because they follow a strict set of rules and regulations in order to maintain order and consistency. This ensures that tasks and decisions are made in a systematic and standardized manner, reducing the potential for errors or biases. Bureaucracies prioritize following established procedures and protocols, which can sometimes lead to a slower decision-making process but also provides a sense of structure and accountability.Rate this question:
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- 45.
An effective goal should be
- A.
Achievable
- B.
Long-term
- C.
General
- D.
Complex
- E.
Short-term
Correct Answer
A. AchievableExplanation
An effective goal should be achievable because setting unrealistic or unattainable goals can lead to frustration and demotivation. By setting achievable goals, individuals can maintain a sense of progress and accomplishment, which can further motivate them to continue working towards their objectives. Additionally, achievable goals are more likely to be specific and measurable, making it easier to track progress and make necessary adjustments along the way.Rate this question:
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- 46.
Which situation would be most likely to require more than one channel of communication?
- A.
An assistant informs his superior about a package arriving.
- B.
A manager compliments an employee’s quick response to a problem.
- C.
A manager trains a new employee for a job requirement.
- D.
An employee leaves her manager a message that she is running late for work.
- E.
A human resources manager places a recruiting ad with a newspaper.
Correct Answer
C. A manager trains a new employee for a job requirement.Explanation
Training a new employee for a job requirement would most likely require more than one channel of communication because it involves a lot of information and instructions that need to be effectively conveyed. This could include face-to-face communication, written materials, visual aids, and possibly even online resources or training modules. It is important to use multiple channels to ensure that the new employee fully understands the job requirements and can perform their duties effectively.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of an informal organization?
- A.
It contains a grapevine.
- B.
It has a definable chain of command.
- C.
It forms naturally.
- D.
It is exclusive.
- E.
It emphasizes personal relationships.
Correct Answer
B. It has a definable chain of command.Explanation
An informal organization is characterized by its lack of a definable chain of command. Unlike a formal organization, where roles and responsibilities are clearly defined, an informal organization operates based on personal relationships and social interactions. It forms naturally among individuals within a formal organization and is not exclusive, meaning anyone can be a part of it. The grapevine, or informal communication network, is a common feature of an informal organization. Therefore, the statement "It has a definable chain of command" does not align with the characteristics of an informal organization.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The kind of power that lies in the authority granted to a formally assigned position is known as
- A.
Referent
- B.
Coercive
- C.
Expert
- D.
Legitimate
- E.
Reward
Correct Answer
D. LegitimateExplanation
Legitimate power refers to the authority granted to a person based on their position or role in an organization. This type of power is derived from the formal hierarchy and is accepted by others as a valid source of authority. It is different from other types of power, such as coercive or reward power, which are based on the ability to give or withhold rewards or punishments. Legitimate power is based on the belief that the person in the position has the right to make decisions and give orders, and it is typically associated with leadership roles in organizations.Rate this question:
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- 49.
A team leader accepts credit for his team’s successes but blames individual members for failures. What error of perception is he exhibiting?
- A.
Projection
- B.
Self-serving bias
- C.
Selective perception
- D.
Stereotyping
- E.
Pygmalion effect
Correct Answer
B. Self-serving biasExplanation
The team leader is exhibiting self-serving bias, which is the tendency to attribute successes to oneself while blaming others for failures. This bias allows the leader to maintain a positive self-image and protect their self-esteem by taking credit for the team's successes, but shifting blame onto individual members for failures. This bias can create a toxic work environment and hinder team collaboration and growth.Rate this question:
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- 50.
Which of the following is a criterion for an employee to be eligible for unemployment insurance?
- A.
The employee was not responsible for losing the job
- B.
The employee was fired from the job
- C.
The employee participated in profit sharing.
- D.
The employee was a manager.
- E.
The employee resigned from the job
Correct Answer
A. The employee was not responsible for losing the jobExplanation
To be eligible for unemployment insurance, one of the criteria is that the employee should not be responsible for losing the job. This means that the employee must have been laid off due to reasons beyond their control, such as company downsizing or closure. If the employee was fired, resigned, or was a manager, they may not be eligible for unemployment insurance as these circumstances suggest some level of responsibility on the part of the employee for the job loss. Additionally, the fact that the employee participated in profit sharing is not mentioned as a criterion for eligibility.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Sep 03, 2016Quiz Created by
Banks1991
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