Civil Rights Quiz Kennedy 2nd

The correct answer is that the principle of "separate but equal" was used to justify segregation. This refers to the legal doctrine established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, which allowed for racial segregation as long as separate facilities were provided for different races. This decision upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation and had significant implications for civil rights in the United States, as it perpetuated racial discrimination and inequality for many years.

The correct answer is that Jim Crow laws were enacted by Southern Whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from Whites. This answer accurately describes the purpose and implementation of the Jim Crow laws, which were a series of state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. These laws aimed to maintain white supremacy and restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

Suffrage refers to the legal right to vote.

The correct answer is that the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II. This means that the court found that the actions taken by the government were legal and did not violate the Constitution. This decision has been widely criticized as a violation of civil rights and a dark chapter in American history.

Earl Warren is the correct answer because he was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at the time of the Brown v. Board of Education case. As Chief Justice, he was responsible for assigning the opinion writing duties, and he chose himself to write the opinion. In the landmark decision, the Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, marking a significant turning point in the civil rights movement in the United States.

Betty Friedan's book, "The Feminine Mystique," published in 1963, encouraged many women to question traditional assumptions and to assert their rights.

The term minority-majority is used to signify the fact that the U.S. is moving toward a situation in which minority groups will outnumber Caucasians and Whites of European descent. This means that the population of minority groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians, is growing at a faster rate compared to the Caucasian population. This demographic shift highlights the increasing diversity and multicultural nature of the United States.

The Twenty-Fourth Amendment ended poll taxes in federal elections. This means that individuals were no longer required to pay a fee in order to vote in federal elections. This amendment aimed to eliminate a barrier to voting that disproportionately affected marginalized communities and ensured that voting rights were not restricted based on an individual's ability to pay a tax.

The answer is "ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal." This is because in the Brown v. Board of Education case, the Supreme Court declared that the practice of segregating schools based on race was inherently unequal and violated the Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection under the law. This landmark decision marked a significant turning point in the fight against racial segregation in education.

De facto educational segregation occurs when neighborhood schools are located in racially segregated areas. This means that the segregation is not enforced by law, but rather it is a result of the racial makeup of the neighborhoods in which the schools are located. This type of segregation is based on the reality of the racial demographics in certain areas, rather than being a deliberate policy or action.

The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments are often referred to as the Civil War Amendments because they were passed in the aftermath of the American Civil War. These amendments were aimed at addressing the issues of slavery, citizenship, and voting rights for African Americans. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment granted equal protection under the law to all citizens, and the Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race. Together, these amendments played a significant role in shaping civil rights and equality in the United States.

The correct answer is the dramatic increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to overcome barriers that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote. It prohibited discriminatory voting practices, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, and authorized federal oversight of voting procedures in states with a history of voter discrimination. As a result, there was a significant increase in the number of African Americans who were able to register and vote, leading to greater political representation and participation.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark piece of legislation that aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. It prohibited federal aid to schools that remained segregated, thereby incentivizing educational institutions to desegregate. This act was a significant step towards ensuring equal educational opportunities for all students, regardless of their race or ethnicity.

The Equal Rights Amendment failed because it fell three states short of sufficient ratification. In order for an amendment to be added to the Constitution, it must be ratified by three-fourths of the states. The Equal Rights Amendment was first proposed in 1972 and needed to be ratified by 38 states. However, by the deadline in 1982, only 35 states had ratified it. Therefore, it did not meet the required number of states for ratification and ultimately failed to become part of the Constitution.

Harry Truman used executive orders to end segregation in the armed services and federal bureaucracy. This implies that he took direct action to dismantle the discriminatory practices within these institutions.

During Reconstruction, various state laws imposed numerous restrictions on Blacks in the South. These restrictions included denying them the right to vote, serve on juries with white defendants, and testify in courts against white defendants. Additionally, Blacks were also prohibited from owning and carrying firearms without a license. However, the right to marry was not included in these restrictions.

The southern states bypassed the Fifteenth Amendment through various means, such as poll taxes, the grandfather clause, violent intimidation tactics, and literacy tests. However, separate "Black" elections were not a means by which they bypassed the amendment. This option suggests that the southern states held separate elections for Black individuals, which would actually be in compliance with the Fifteenth Amendment that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

In the case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Court ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups. This means that the university cannot reserve a specific number of spots for individuals from certain racial or ethnic backgrounds. The ruling ensures that admissions decisions are made based on individual merit rather than predetermined quotas, promoting equal opportunity and fairness in the admissions process.

The Fourteenth Amendment provided several provisions to protect the rights of citizens. It granted due process for all citizens in all states, ensuring fair treatment under the law. It also guaranteed equal protection for all citizens in all states, preventing discrimination. The amendment granted citizenship to all former slaves, ensuring their rights and recognition as citizens. Additionally, it forbade states from diminishing the privileges and immunities of all citizens. However, economic equality for all citizens in all states was not a provision of the Fourteenth Amendment.

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. This means that the Supreme Court ruled that the Act was not in line with the Constitution and therefore could not be enforced. This decision undermined the effectiveness of the Act in eliminating Jim Crow laws and hindered its ability to bring about significant change in promoting civil rights.

President Eisenhower's stance on civil rights can be described as reluctant support. While he did take some actions to support civil rights, such as sending federal troops to enforce desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas, his support was often seen as hesitant and cautious. He did not prioritize civil rights as a top issue and did not actively advocate for it. His appointments to the Supreme Court were not specifically aimed at filling it with pro-civil rights advocates. Therefore, the answer choice stating that he reluctantly supported the civil rights movement and court decisions is the most accurate.

The Thirteenth Amendment was necessary due to the decision in the Scott v. Sandford case decided by Roger Taney. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled that enslaved individuals were not citizens and therefore did not have the right to sue in federal court. This decision further solidified the institution of slavery and highlighted the need for a constitutional amendment to abolish it. The Thirteenth Amendment effectively overturned the Scott v. Sandford decision and ended slavery in the United States.