Edwards, Lineberry Chp. 5

1.

The Civil Rights Act did all of the following EXCEPT

A.

Create the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
B.

Deny federal funding to businesses and schools that practiced racial discrimination
C.

Prevent racial discrimination in housing
D.

Prohibit racial discrimination in hotels, in restaurants, and on public transportation
E.

Outlaw job discrimination

Correct Answer
C. Prevent racial discrimination in housing

Explanation
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 aimed to address racial discrimination in various aspects of society. It created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to combat job discrimination, denied federal funding to racially discriminatory businesses and schools, and prohibited racial discrimination in hotels, restaurants, and public transportation. However, it did not specifically address or prevent racial discrimination in housing.

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2.

Which of the following generalizations accurately describe the advancement of civil rights in the twentieth century?I. The Fourteenth Amendment served as the foundation on which the Supreme Court based many of its decisions regarding civil rightsII. The national government has opted to pursue civil rights at the expense of limited governmentIII. The Supreme Court typically finds laws that racial classifications are unconstitutionalIV. The Supreme Court has outlawed all laws that classify citizens by race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity and disability

A.

II only
B.

IV only
C.

I and II only
D.

III and IV only
E.

I, II, and III only

Correct Answer
E. I, II, and III only

Explanation
The correct answer is I, II, and III only. This is because statement I is accurate as the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees equal protection under the law, has been used as the basis for many Supreme Court decisions on civil rights. Statement II is also accurate as the national government has often taken action to protect civil rights, even if it means expanding its power. Statement III is accurate as the Supreme Court has consistently found laws that use racial classifications to be unconstitutional. However, statement IV is incorrect as the Supreme Court has not outlawed all laws that classify citizens by race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, and disability.

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3.

The Equal Rights Amendment has not become a part of the Constitution because

A.

It was not ratified by enough states
B.

The Senate voted against it after the House had passed it
C.

The women's rights movement has focused primarily on preserving protectionist laws
D.

The Supreme Court found it unconstitutional
E.

Feminists decried it for neglecting to take a firm position on women's rights

Correct Answer
A. It was not ratified by enough states

Explanation
The Equal Rights Amendment has not become a part of the Constitution because it was not ratified by enough states.

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4.

Opponents of affirmative action claim that it

A.

Violates the First Amendment freedom of speech
B.

Fails to sufficiently compensate minorities for past discrimination
C.

Encourages reverse discrimination
D.

Excuses the federal government from having to enforce civil rights
E.

Favors certain minority groups over other minority groups

Correct Answer
C. Encourages reverse discrimination

Explanation
The correct answer suggests that opponents of affirmative action argue that it encourages reverse discrimination. This means that they believe affirmative action policies, which aim to provide opportunities for historically disadvantaged groups, end up discriminating against other groups, particularly white individuals. Critics argue that these policies prioritize certain minority groups over others and may lead to unfair treatment based on race or ethnicity.

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5.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?

A.

Plessy reinforced the advancement of civil rights begun by the Supreme Court in Brown
B.

The Supreme Court overturned its decision in Plessy with its Brown ruling
C.

Both Plessy and Brown extended voting rights to disenfranchised African Americans in the South
D.

Both Plessy and Brown made desegregation in public schools compulsory
E.

The Supreme Court extended the precedent established in Plessy with its Brown decision

Correct Answer
B. The Supreme Court overturned its decision in Plessy with its Brown ruling

Explanation
The correct answer states that the Supreme Court overturned its decision in Plessy with its Brown ruling. This means that the decision made in Plessy v. Ferguson, which upheld racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, was reversed by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education. Brown v. Board of Education declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, marking a significant shift in civil rights and the fight against racial discrimination.

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6.

Which of the following grups has focused on ensuring civil rights for Hispanic Americans and Latinos?

A.

MALDEF
B.

AIM
C.

NAACP
D.

EEOC
E.

ADA

Correct Answer
A. MALDEF

Explanation
MALDEF, or the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, has focused on ensuring civil rights for Hispanic Americans and Latinos. They advocate for the protection of the rights and opportunities of Hispanic individuals through litigation, advocacy, and educational programs. MALDEF has been involved in various landmark cases and policy initiatives aimed at combating discrimination and promoting equal rights for the Hispanic community.

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7.

Where is the guarantee of "equal protection of the laws" found?

A.

In the Bill of Rights
B.

In the Supreme Court's decision in Korematsu v. United States
C.

In the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education
D.

In the Fourteenth Amendment
E.

In the preamble to the Constitution

Correct Answer
D. In the Fourteenth Amendment

Explanation
The guarantee of "equal protection of the laws" is found in the Fourteenth Amendment. This amendment, ratified in 1868, ensures that no state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. It was specifically enacted to protect the civil rights of newly freed slaves after the Civil War, but has since been interpreted to apply to all individuals, regardless of race, gender, or other protected characteristics. The Fourteenth Amendment has been a cornerstone of civil rights jurisprudence and has been used to strike down discriminatory laws and practices.

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8.

In which of the followng cases did the Supreme Court first declare gender discrimination unconstitutional?

A.

Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
B.

Reed v. Reed
C.

Stanton v. Stanton
D.

Craig v. Boren
E.

Dothard. v. Rawlinson

Correct Answer
B. Reed v. Reed

Explanation
Reed v. Reed is the correct answer because it was the first case in which the Supreme Court declared gender discrimination unconstitutional. In this case, the Court ruled that a state law that preferred males over females as administrators of estates violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This landmark decision set a precedent for future cases involving gender discrimination and paved the way for greater gender equality in the United States.

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9.

All of the following were methods used by Southern states to reduce the electoral voice of African Americans EXCEPT

A.

Tests about the Constitution
B.

White primaries
C.

Literacy tests
D.

Poll taxes
E.

The Fifteenth Amendment

Correct Answer
E. The Fifteenth Amendment

Explanation
The Fifteenth Amendment granted African American men the right to vote, so it cannot be considered a method used by Southern states to reduce their electoral voice. The other options - tests about the Constitution, white primaries, literacy tests, and poll taxes - were all tactics employed by Southern states to disenfranchise African Americans and limit their political power.

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10.

In the case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Court

A.

Refused to allow the admission of Bakke to University of California-Davis
B.

Ruled that nursing schools cannot discriminate against men in their admissions procedures
C.

Ordered that University of California-Davis could not use race as a criterion for admission
D.

Was united in its decision
E.

Ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups

Correct Answer
E. Ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups

Explanation
The Court's ruling in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke stated that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups. This means that the University of California-Davis was not allowed to reserve a certain number of spots for specific racial or ethnic groups. The Court deemed this practice as unconstitutional and a form of discrimination.

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