Chapter 7/8

1. Of the following, which characteristic is NOT a violation of the norms of ability?

Blindness

Deafness

An unsightly blemish or birthmark

Mental illness

2. In America, prostitution is considered both a form of deviance as well as a criminal offense. In some European countries it is considered as a somewhat respectable profession. This demonstrates that:

The relativity of deviance.

Americans are a moral people and Europeans are not.

The definition of crime

Gender opportunity.

3. During the war in Iraq, many Iraqi suicide bombers committed suicide by crashing their vehicles loaded with explosives into different buildings in Baghdad. This act of suicide was accorded high praise by their peers and these bombers were considered heroic warriors. This bestowing of honor and praise would be an example of _________________________.

A positive sanction

A negative sanction

A degradation ceremony

Shaming

4. Norms make social life possible by:

Making behavior open-ended.

Kicking us from our ruts.

Making behavior predictable.

Assigning us to social ruts.

5. All of the following are examples of deviance from the functionalist perspective, except:

Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.

Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power and influence in society.

Deviance promotes social unity.

Deviance promotes social change.

6. According to Control Theory, inner controls are more effective when:

We fear punishment from authorities such as parents or the court system.

We have strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with society.

We are members of the middle or upper classes.

We are able to reject negative labels and neutralize our deviance.

7. The theory that makes reference to "cultural goals" and "institutionalized means" to achieve them, as well as anomie is:

Drift Theory

Strain Theory

The Theory of Differential Association

Social Control Theory

8. Emile Durkheim stated several reasons why deviance was actually functional for society (functionalism). Which of the following were NOT one of them?

One deviant act leads to another which increases social solidarity.

Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.

Deviance promotes social unity.

Deviance promotes social change.

9. Frankie stole a Sidekick III and used it for a few hours. He showed it off to friends. After being caught by the police, Frankie explained that he was only borrowing the Sidekick to have a little fun and that no one was harmed by his actions. Sykes and Matza termed this technique _________________________.

Denial of responsibility

Appeal to higher loyalties

Condemnation of the condemners

Denial of injury

10. Charles and Bethany have been stealing social security checks from the mailboxes of elderly people living in their development. When Charles began to question if they should continue doing so, Bethany told Charles that they really aren't stealing because the Social Security office will replace the stolen checks. Bethany is employing the technique of neutralization called:

Appeal to Higher Loyalty

Denial of Injury

Denial of Responsibility.

Denial of Victim