Chapter 6-7 And Wiki Quiz
AP Human Geography
Questions and Answers
- 1.
A change over time in the pronunciation of a set of sounds in a language; e.g. the change of p to v to f sound in pater, vater, and father
- A.
Sound shift
- B.
Toponym
- C.
Lingua franca
- D.
Language divergence
Correct Answer
A. Sound shiftExplanation
A sound shift refers to the change over time in the pronunciation of a set of sounds in a language. This can be observed in the example given, where the sound "p" gradually shifted to "v" and then to "f" in the words "pater, vater, and father." Sound shifts are important in understanding the historical development and evolution of languages.Rate this question:
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- 2.
The variant of a language that a country’s political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, and media
- A.
Pidgin language
- B.
Dialect
- C.
National language
- D.
Standard language
Correct Answer
D. Standard languageExplanation
A standard language refers to the variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite aim to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, and media. This standardized form of language is considered the official or prestigious version and is typically used in formal settings. It is important to note that a standard language may differ from regional dialects or pidgin languages, which are informal and may not have the same level of acceptance or recognition in official contexts.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukranian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian
- A.
Germanic languages
- B.
Slavic languages
- C.
Romance languages
- D.
Indo-European language family
Correct Answer
B. Slavic languagesExplanation
The given answer, "Slavic languages," is correct because it accurately categorizes the languages listed as belonging to the Slavic language family. These languages, including Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian, share common linguistic features and historical roots. The Slavic languages are a branch of the larger Indo-European language family, which also includes Germanic, Romance, and other language groups.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Countries in which more than one language is spoken.
- A.
Mutual intelligibility
- B.
Multilingual states
- C.
Germanic languages
- D.
Language divergence
Correct Answer
B. Multilingual statesExplanation
Multilingual states refer to countries where more than one language is spoken. In these states, multiple languages are officially recognized and used for various purposes, such as government, education, and communication. This term is used to describe the linguistic diversity within a country and highlights the coexistence of different languages within its borders.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Place name
- A.
Multilingual state
- B.
Dialect
- C.
Toponym
- D.
Isogloss
Correct Answer
C. ToponymExplanation
A toponym refers to the name given to a place or location. It is a specific term used to identify a geographical entity and can be in any language. In this context, the other terms mentioned - multilingual state, dialect, and isogloss - are related to language and communication within a particular area, but they do not specifically pertain to the naming of a place. Therefore, the correct answer is toponym.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A common language used among speakers of different language for the purpose of trade or commerce.
- A.
Lingua franca
- B.
Creole
- C.
Isogloss
- D.
Pidgin language
Correct Answer
A. Lingua francaExplanation
A lingua franca is a common language that is used by speakers of different languages for the purpose of trade or commerce. It serves as a means of communication and facilitates understanding between people who do not share a common native language. This term is often used to describe a language that has become widely adopted and used as a common medium of communication in a particular region or among specific groups of people.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Branch that split from Roman Catholicism; remains strong in Eastern Europe and Russia.
- A.
Universalizing religion
- B.
Protestantism
- C.
Islam
- D.
Eastern Orthodox
Correct Answer
D. Eastern OrthodoxExplanation
Eastern Orthodox is the correct answer because it is a branch that split from Roman Catholicism and remains strong in Eastern Europe and Russia. Eastern Orthodox is a Christian denomination that developed separately from the Roman Catholic Church in the East. It has its own distinct liturgical practices, theology, and hierarchy. Eastern Orthodox Christianity is particularly influential in countries like Greece, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine, where it is the dominant religious tradition.Rate this question:
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- 8.
One of the branches of Islam, the majority of followers are located in Iran.
- A.
Daoism
- B.
Shi'a
- C.
Diaspora
- D.
Intrafaith boundary
Correct Answer
B. Shi'aExplanation
Shi'a is the correct answer because it is one of the branches of Islam, and it is known for having the majority of its followers located in Iran. Shi'a Islam is characterized by its belief in the Imamate, the leadership and guidance of the Imams who are believed to be the rightful successors of Prophet Muhammad. This branch of Islam is distinct from Sunni Islam, which is the other major branch and has a larger global following.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence.
- A.
Secularism
- B.
Caste system
- C.
Genocide
- D.
Religious extremism
Correct Answer
D. Religious extremismExplanation
Religious extremism refers to the extreme and fanatical adherence to religious beliefs, often leading to violence and intolerance towards those who do not share the same beliefs. This explanation aligns with the given statement about religious fundamentalism carried to the point of violence. It implies that religious extremism goes beyond mere fundamentalism and involves aggressive actions in the name of religion.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site.
- A.
Hajj
- B.
Pilgrimage
- C.
Diaspora
- D.
Zionism
Correct Answer
B. PilgrimageExplanation
Pilgrimage refers to the voluntary travel by a believer to a sacred site in order to show reverence or engage in a ritual at that location. This practice is often associated with religious or spiritual beliefs and is seen as an important aspect of one's faith. It allows individuals to connect with their religious or cultural heritage, seek spiritual growth, and deepen their sense of devotion. The concept of pilgrimage is found in various religions around the world, such as Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.Rate this question:
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- 11.
A belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope: adherents often believed their religion represents universal truths that are spread through evangelism and missionary work.
- A.
Universalizing religion
- B.
Animism
- C.
Religious extremism
- D.
Ethnic religion
Correct Answer
A. Universalizing religionExplanation
A universalizing religion is a belief system that promotes the idea that there is one true religion that is applicable to all people, regardless of their ethnicity or cultural background. Adherents of universalizing religions often believe that their religion holds universal truths that should be shared with others through evangelism and missionary work. This means that they actively seek to convert others to their religion and spread its teachings worldwide. Unlike ethnic religions, which are often tied to a specific culture or ethnic group, universalizing religions aim to reach a global audience and attract followers from diverse backgrounds.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A term describing forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. Originally applied to the Jews, but now used for other population dispersals.
- A.
Animism
- B.
Confucianism
- C.
Diaspora
- D.
Intrafaith boundaries
Correct Answer
C. DiasporaExplanation
The term "diaspora" refers to the forceful or voluntary dispersal of a people from their homeland to a new place. It was originally used to describe the dispersal of the Jews, but it is now used to describe other population dispersals as well. This term highlights the experience of a community being uprooted from their original land and settling in a new location, often due to political, social, or economic factors. The term diaspora is commonly used in discussions about cultural identity, migration, and the formation of transnational communities.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The former Soviet Union adopted _______________ as its official religious policy.
- A.
Orthodox Christianity
- B.
Secular separation of church and state
- C.
Atheism
- D.
An official state Protestant church
Correct Answer
C. AtheismExplanation
The former Soviet Union adopted atheism as its official religious policy. This means that the government promoted the belief that there is no God or any divine beings. As a result, religious practices and institutions were heavily suppressed, and the state discouraged the practice of any form of organized religion. This policy was a key aspect of the Soviet Union's ideology and was used to control and suppress religious influence in society.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Official languages such as Spanish and Quechuan in Peru or English and Pilipino in the Philippines reflect
- A.
Linguistic divergence
- B.
The country's history
- C.
Creolization
- D.
A movement toward monolingualism
Correct Answer
B. The country's historyExplanation
The official languages of a country, such as Spanish and Quechuan in Peru or English and Pilipino in the Philippines, reflect the country's history. This is because the choice of official languages is often influenced by historical factors such as colonization, migration, or the blending of different cultures. The selection of official languages is a reflection of the country's past and the linguistic diversity that has shaped its identity over time.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The naming of sports stadiums and other facilities for corporations (e.g. Petco Park, FedEx Field, Coors Field, Reliant Stadium) is an example of
- A.
Memorial toponyms
- B.
Post-modern toponyms
- C.
Commodification
- D.
Deep reconstruction
Correct Answer
C. CommodificationExplanation
The naming of sports stadiums and other facilities for corporations is an example of commodification. This is because corporations pay for the naming rights of these venues as a form of advertising and brand promotion. By attaching their name to a popular sports venue, corporations aim to increase their visibility and reach a wider audience. This practice has become increasingly common in the modern era, where commercialization and branding play a significant role in various aspects of society, including sports.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Two Russian scholars have established the core of what they believe is a pre-Proto-Indo-European language named
- A.
Nostratic
- B.
Anatolian
- C.
Etruscan
- D.
Austronesian
- E.
Serbo-romansch
Correct Answer
A. NostraticExplanation
Nostratic is the correct answer because it refers to a proposed language family that includes several language groups such as Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, and others. The term "pre-Proto-Indo-European" in the question suggests that the scholars believe Nostratic to be the ancestral language from which Proto-Indo-European and other language families evolved. Therefore, Nostratic is the most appropriate choice among the given options.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Islam is predominate in northern ___________, while traditional religions are predominate in the south.
- A.
Iraq
- B.
Sudan
- C.
Malaysia
- D.
Egypt
Correct Answer
B. SudanExplanation
Islam is predominant in northern Sudan, while traditional religions are predominant in the south. This suggests that the religious composition of Sudan is divided along regional lines, with Islam being the dominant religion in the northern part of the country and traditional religions having a stronger presence in the south. This division may be influenced by historical, cultural, and social factors that have shaped the religious practices and beliefs of different regions within Sudan.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Zoroastrianism is similar to Islam and Christianity in that it is
- A.
A world religion
- B.
Monotheistic
- C.
A missionary religion
- D.
Polytheistic
Correct Answer
B. MonotheisticExplanation
Zoroastrianism is similar to Islam and Christianity in that it is monotheistic. This means that all three religions believe in the existence of only one God. In Zoroastrianism, this God is known as Ahura Mazda, while in Islam, it is Allah, and in Christianity, it is the Holy Trinity of God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit. This similarity in their belief systems sets them apart from polytheistic religions, which believe in multiple gods, and emphasizes the unity and singularity of the divine power in these three religions.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The Yellow River is to Chinese Philosophy as the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are to _____________
- A.
Christianity
- B.
Hinduism
- C.
Confucianism
- D.
Buddhism
Correct Answer
A. ChristianityExplanation
The Yellow River is often considered the cradle of Chinese civilization, and Chinese philosophy has been deeply influenced by the river's significance in Chinese culture. Similarly, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are historically significant in the development of ancient Mesopotamian civilizations, which had a major impact on the development of Christianity. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are associated with the region where the Garden of Eden is believed to have been located, and the rivers are mentioned in the Bible. Therefore, Christianity is the most appropriate answer in this analogy.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the government in 1991 proclaimed that a condition for a judge to be appointed to the country's Islamic courts would be to wear
- A.
A turban
- B.
Sandals
- C.
A veil
- D.
A beard
Correct Answer
D. A beardExplanation
In the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the government made it a requirement for judges to wear a beard in order to be appointed to the country's Islamic courts. This decision was likely made to align with the Islamic cultural and religious norms, as wearing a beard is considered a symbol of piety and adherence to Islamic teachings. By mandating this condition, the government ensures that judges in Islamic courts are seen as devout and trustworthy in the eyes of the public.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Identify and explain 5 terms you learned from the wiki. (Be brief - limit 200 chars per term.)
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