Chapter 4 Quiz 2 (2nd Secondary Biology)

1. In which of the following plants, there will be no transpiration?

Plants living in deserts

Aquatic submerged plants

Plants growing in hilly regions

Aquatic plants with floating leaves

Aquatic submerged plants do not undergo transpiration because their leaves are completely submerged in water. Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through tiny openings called stomata. Since the leaves of aquatic submerged plants are underwater, they do not have stomata or lose water through transpiration.

Explanation

Aquatic submerged plants do not undergo transpiration because their leaves are completely submerged in water. Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through tiny openings called stomata. Since the leaves of aquatic submerged plants are underwater, they do not have stomata or lose water through transpiration.

2. Transpiration is very important for plants because it helps in …..

The movement of water and minerals absorbed by roots to various parts of the plant

The absorption of water from soil

The cooling of leaves at high temperature

All of them

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants in the form of water vapor. It plays a crucial role in the movement of water and minerals absorbed by the roots to different parts of the plant. This is because transpiration creates a pull or suction force, known as the transpirational pull, which helps in the upward movement of water and nutrients through the xylem vessels. Additionally, transpiration also aids in the absorption of water from the soil as it creates a gradient for water movement. Lastly, transpiration helps in the cooling of leaves at high temperatures by evaporating water from the leaf surface, which helps regulate the plant's temperature. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants in the form of water vapor. It plays a crucial role in the movement of water and minerals absorbed by the roots to different parts of the plant. This is because transpiration creates a pull or suction force, known as the transpirational pull, which helps in the upward movement of water and nutrients through the xylem vessels. Additionally, transpiration also aids in the absorption of water from the soil as it creates a gradient for water movement. Lastly, transpiration helps in the cooling of leaves at high temperatures by evaporating water from the leaf surface, which helps regulate the plant's temperature. Therefore, all of the given options are correct.

3. Name the specialized pores from where guttation takes place.

Stomata

Hydathodes

Guard cell

Lenticels

Hydathodes are specialized pores found in the leaves of plants, particularly in the margins or tips of leaves. They are responsible for guttation, which is the process of exuding water droplets from the leaf surface. Unlike stomata, which primarily regulate gas exchange, hydathodes specifically release excess water from the plant. Guard cells are responsible for opening and closing stomata, while lenticels are small openings in the bark of woody plants for gas exchange. Therefore, the correct answer is hydathodes.

Explanation

Hydathodes are specialized pores found in the leaves of plants, particularly in the margins or tips of leaves. They are responsible for guttation, which is the process of exuding water droplets from the leaf surface. Unlike stomata, which primarily regulate gas exchange, hydathodes specifically release excess water from the plant. Guard cells are responsible for opening and closing stomata, while lenticels are small openings in the bark of woody plants for gas exchange. Therefore, the correct answer is hydathodes.

4. One of the following statements describes guttation .....

When a plant dies from lack of photosynthesis

When a plant wilts from lack of water

When a plant is flooded with water and drowns

When a plant pushes excess water out

Guttation is a process in which plants release excess water through specialized structures called hydathodes. This typically occurs when the soil is moist and the plant's roots absorb more water than it needs for photosynthesis and other metabolic processes. The excess water is forced out of the plant through hydathodes located on the edges of leaves or tips of grass blades. This process helps maintain the water balance within the plant and prevents the accumulation of too much water, which can be detrimental to its growth and survival.

Explanation

Guttation is a process in which plants release excess water through specialized structures called hydathodes. This typically occurs when the soil is moist and the plant's roots absorb more water than it needs for photosynthesis and other metabolic processes. The excess water is forced out of the plant through hydathodes located on the edges of leaves or tips of grass blades. This process helps maintain the water balance within the plant and prevents the accumulation of too much water, which can be detrimental to its growth and survival.

5. Each of the following plants has/have stomata, cuticle and lenticels except .....

Cherry trees

Herbaceous plants

Apples

Potatoes

Herbaceous plants are the only option among the given plants that do not have stomata, cuticle, and lenticels. Stomata are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, while cuticle is a waxy layer that covers the leaves and helps reduce water loss. Lenticels, on the other hand, are small openings on the stems of woody plants that allow for gas exchange. Cherry trees, apples, and potatoes all have stomata, cuticle, and lenticels, making herbaceous plants the correct answer.

Explanation

Herbaceous plants are the only option among the given plants that do not have stomata, cuticle, and lenticels. Stomata are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, while cuticle is a waxy layer that covers the leaves and helps reduce water loss. Lenticels, on the other hand, are small openings on the stems of woody plants that allow for gas exchange. Cherry trees, apples, and potatoes all have stomata, cuticle, and lenticels, making herbaceous plants the correct answer.

6. In the experiment shown in the figure below to demonstrate transpiration, what happens if we set another experiment exactly in the same way except that the pot should be without any plant?

No drops will appear inside the wall of the bell jar.

Drops will appear on the surface of the rubber sheath from outside.

Drops will appear inside the wall of the bell jar in a greater amount.

The bell jar gets hot.

If we set another experiment exactly in the same way except that the pot should be without any plant, no drops will appear inside the wall of the bell jar. This is because transpiration, which is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, occurs through the stomata on the leaves. Without a plant, there will be no transpiration and therefore no water vapor to condense and form drops inside the bell jar.

Explanation

If we set another experiment exactly in the same way except that the pot should be without any plant, no drops will appear inside the wall of the bell jar. This is because transpiration, which is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, occurs through the stomata on the leaves. Without a plant, there will be no transpiration and therefore no water vapor to condense and form drops inside the bell jar.

7. From the factors which oppose transpiration in plants ……

Thicker cuticle layer

Wideness of the stomata

Wideness of the leaf exposed surface

Increase in the number of stomata

A thicker cuticle layer on the surface of the leaf would reduce the rate of transpiration in plants. The cuticle is a waxy layer that covers the epidermis of the leaf and acts as a barrier to water loss. By having a thicker cuticle, less water would be able to evaporate from the leaf surface, thus reducing the overall rate of transpiration.

Explanation

A thicker cuticle layer on the surface of the leaf would reduce the rate of transpiration in plants. The cuticle is a waxy layer that covers the epidermis of the leaf and acts as a barrier to water loss. By having a thicker cuticle, less water would be able to evaporate from the leaf surface, thus reducing the overall rate of transpiration.

8. The following are some features of some plants

They lose a lot of water through transpiration

Their leaves are always broad and flat

They lose very little water through transpiration

Their roots grow very deep into the soil

Which of the following combinations is typical of desert plants?

(1) and (2)

(2) and (4)

(2) and (3)

(3) and (4)

Desert plants typically have adaptations that allow them to conserve water in their arid environment. They have specialized leaves that are small and often needle-like, reducing the surface area for transpiration and minimizing water loss. Additionally, desert plants have deep root systems that enable them to access water sources deep underground. Therefore, the combination of losing very little water through transpiration (3) and having roots that grow very deep into the soil (4) is typical of desert plants.

Explanation

Desert plants typically have adaptations that allow them to conserve water in their arid environment. They have specialized leaves that are small and often needle-like, reducing the surface area for transpiration and minimizing water loss. Additionally, desert plants have deep root systems that enable them to access water sources deep underground. Therefore, the combination of losing very little water through transpiration (3) and having roots that grow very deep into the soil (4) is typical of desert plants.

9. In the experiment shown below, if you cut a transverse section of the stem with a razor and place it on a slide then study it under the microscope. What is your observation? It is observed that .......

Only xylem has taken the stain.

Only phloem has taken the stain.

Both xylem and phloem have taken the stain.

Only cambium layer has taken the stain.

When a transverse section of the stem is cut and placed on a slide, and then observed under a microscope, it is observed that only the xylem has taken the stain. This suggests that the xylem tissue has a higher affinity for the stain compared to the other tissues present in the stem section. The xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, and its staining indicates its presence and functionality in the stem.

Explanation

When a transverse section of the stem is cut and placed on a slide, and then observed under a microscope, it is observed that only the xylem has taken the stain. This suggests that the xylem tissue has a higher affinity for the stain compared to the other tissues present in the stem section. The xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, and its staining indicates its presence and functionality in the stem.

10. Which of the following is an important function of stomata in a leaf?

Absorbing water vapour from the air

Allowing gaseous waste products to leave the plant

Producing chlorophyll for photosynthesis

Getting rid of insoluble wastes

Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. They play a crucial role in regulating the entry and exit of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, in plants. By allowing gaseous waste products, such as oxygen, to leave the plant, stomata help maintain proper gas balance and prevent the buildup of harmful gases. This function is essential for the survival of plants, as it ensures the removal of waste products produced during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Explanation

Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange. They play a crucial role in regulating the entry and exit of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, in plants. By allowing gaseous waste products, such as oxygen, to leave the plant, stomata help maintain proper gas balance and prevent the buildup of harmful gases. This function is essential for the survival of plants, as it ensures the removal of waste products produced during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

11. In the graph shown below, at which point the water concentration is greater outside the leaf?

B

A

D

C

In the given graph, point D represents the water concentration outside the leaf. This can be determined by observing that point D is located above the line representing the water concentration inside the leaf. Since water concentration always moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, point D indicates that the water concentration is greater outside the leaf.

Explanation

In the given graph, point D represents the water concentration outside the leaf. This can be determined by observing that point D is located above the line representing the water concentration inside the leaf. Since water concentration always moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, point D indicates that the water concentration is greater outside the leaf.

12. Which graph illustrates a factor opposing the increase of transpiration rate?

R

S

Q

T

Graph S illustrates a factor opposing the increase of transpiration rate. This can be inferred because the transpiration rate is decreasing over time in graph S. This indicates that there is a factor present that is inhibiting or opposing the process of transpiration.

Explanation

Graph S illustrates a factor opposing the increase of transpiration rate. This can be inferred because the transpiration rate is decreasing over time in graph S. This indicates that there is a factor present that is inhibiting or opposing the process of transpiration.

13. Which of the following is not a reason for why is the rate of transpiration increases by increasing light intensity?

Light speeds up transpiration by decreasing water vapour surrounding the plant.

Increasing light intensity does not decrease water vapor surrounding the plant. In fact, increasing light intensity can increase the rate of transpiration by increasing the temperature of the leaves and thus increasing the vapor pressure of water within the leaves. This increased vapor pressure leads to an increased water loss through transpiration.

Explanation

Increasing light intensity does not decrease water vapor surrounding the plant. In fact, increasing light intensity can increase the rate of transpiration by increasing the temperature of the leaves and thus increasing the vapor pressure of water within the leaves. This increased vapor pressure leads to an increased water loss through transpiration.

14. The following figure is for an experiment to measure the rate of transpiration in two branches of a certain plant. Which reading of the spring balance is the correct one after three days of the experiment?

A

B

C

D

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

15. The following table illustrates some properties of four different plants (A), (B), (C) and (D) having same environmental conditions. Which of these plants loses the highest amount of water?

B

A

D

C

Plant C loses the highest amount of water because it is the only plant in the table that is not shaded. Shading helps to reduce water loss through transpiration, so the shaded plants (A, B, and D) would lose less water compared to plant C.

Explanation

Plant C loses the highest amount of water because it is the only plant in the table that is not shaded. Shading helps to reduce water loss through transpiration, so the shaded plants (A, B, and D) would lose less water compared to plant C.

16. Guttation is mainly due to.....

Root pressure

Transpiration pull

Imbibition

Capillarity

Guttation is the process by which water droplets are released from the tips of leaves. It occurs when root pressure forces water up from the roots and into the plant's xylem vessels. This pressure is created by the active transport of mineral ions into the root cells, which increases the solute concentration and causes water to move in by osmosis. As a result, the excess water is forced out of the leaf tips through specialized structures called hydathodes. Therefore, guttation is mainly due to root pressure.

Explanation

Guttation is the process by which water droplets are released from the tips of leaves. It occurs when root pressure forces water up from the roots and into the plant's xylem vessels. This pressure is created by the active transport of mineral ions into the root cells, which increases the solute concentration and causes water to move in by osmosis. As a result, the excess water is forced out of the leaf tips through specialized structures called hydathodes. Therefore, guttation is mainly due to root pressure.

17. Plant seedlings were put in four tubes; each contains 200 C.C water, for two days under same environmental conditions as shown in figure below. Which seedling its leaves were covered with paraffin wax?

A

B

C

D

Based on the information provided, the seedling with its leaves covered in paraffin wax is seedling A.

Explanation

Based on the information provided, the seedling with its leaves covered in paraffin wax is seedling A.

18. Which of the following plants has the highest transpiration rate?

Elodea

Cactus

Bean

Barbary Fig

Bean plants have a higher transpiration rate compared to the other plants listed because they have more stomata on their leaves, which allows for more water to evaporate. Additionally, bean plants typically have a larger leaf surface area, further increasing their transpiration rate.

Explanation

Bean plants have a higher transpiration rate compared to the other plants listed because they have more stomata on their leaves, which allows for more water to evaporate. Additionally, bean plants typically have a larger leaf surface area, further increasing their transpiration rate.

19. Which of the following is a factor that causes the exit of CO₂ from stomata of plant leaves?

Increasing photosynthesis rate

Increasing CO2 diffusion

Decreasing carbohydrate catabolism

The great transferring of CO2 from the phloem to the mesophyll

Increasing CO2 diffusion is a factor that causes the exit of CO2 from stomata of plant leaves. Stomata are small openings on the surface of plant leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of CO2. When the concentration of CO2 inside the leaf increases, it creates a concentration gradient that drives the diffusion of CO2 out of the leaf through the stomata. Therefore, increasing the rate of CO2 diffusion will result in more CO2 exiting the stomata.

Explanation

Increasing CO2 diffusion is a factor that causes the exit of CO2 from stomata of plant leaves. Stomata are small openings on the surface of plant leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of CO2. When the concentration of CO2 inside the leaf increases, it creates a concentration gradient that drives the diffusion of CO2 out of the leaf through the stomata. Therefore, increasing the rate of CO2 diffusion will result in more CO2 exiting the stomata.

20. What happens to the process shown in the figure below if the plant is put in a low-pressure area?

Increases

Decreases

Stops completely

Is not affected

If the plant is put in a low-pressure area, the process shown in the figure will increase. This is because in a low-pressure area, the pressure surrounding the plant is lower than the pressure inside the plant. As a result, the plant will take in more water and nutrients from the soil through its roots, and this increased uptake will lead to an overall increase in the process.

Explanation

If the plant is put in a low-pressure area, the process shown in the figure will increase. This is because in a low-pressure area, the pressure surrounding the plant is lower than the pressure inside the plant. As a result, the plant will take in more water and nutrients from the soil through its roots, and this increased uptake will lead to an overall increase in the process.

21. Which of the following processes involves the excretion of some metabolic waste products in plants?

Transpiration

Respiration

Photosynthesis

All the answers are correct.

All the given options involve the excretion of some metabolic waste products in plants. Transpiration is the process of water loss from plants, which also helps in the removal of waste products. Respiration in plants involves the breakdown of glucose and release of carbon dioxide as a waste product. Photosynthesis, while not directly involved in excretion, does produce oxygen as a byproduct, which can be considered a waste product for the plant. Therefore, all the options listed involve the excretion of some metabolic waste products in plants.

Explanation

All the given options involve the excretion of some metabolic waste products in plants. Transpiration is the process of water loss from plants, which also helps in the removal of waste products. Respiration in plants involves the breakdown of glucose and release of carbon dioxide as a waste product. Photosynthesis, while not directly involved in excretion, does produce oxygen as a byproduct, which can be considered a waste product for the plant. Therefore, all the options listed involve the excretion of some metabolic waste products in plants.

22. Plants, like most living organisms, respire. Water is a waste product of respiration. How can this water be reused by plants?

As a source of energy for metabolic processes

As a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds

As a reactant in photosynthesis

As an insulating gas to regulate temperature

Plants can reuse the water produced during respiration as a reactant in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use water, along with carbon dioxide and sunlight, to produce glucose and oxygen. The water molecules are broken down, and the oxygen is released as a waste product, while the hydrogen atoms are used to build glucose molecules. Therefore, the water produced during respiration can be recycled and used in the process of photosynthesis to produce energy and glucose for the plant's growth and development.

Explanation

Plants can reuse the water produced during respiration as a reactant in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use water, along with carbon dioxide and sunlight, to produce glucose and oxygen. The water molecules are broken down, and the oxygen is released as a waste product, while the hydrogen atoms are used to build glucose molecules. Therefore, the water produced during respiration can be recycled and used in the process of photosynthesis to produce energy and glucose for the plant's growth and development.

23. Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis. How can this oxygen be reused by plants?

As a reactant in the synthesis of new proteins

As a reactant in translocation

As a reactant in aerobic respiration

As a source of nutrients

Plants can reuse the oxygen produced during photosynthesis as a reactant in aerobic respiration. During respiration, plants break down glucose and other organic molecules to release energy, and oxygen is required for this process. The oxygen is used to oxidize the organic molecules, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This process allows plants to obtain energy for growth and other metabolic activities.

Explanation

Plants can reuse the oxygen produced during photosynthesis as a reactant in aerobic respiration. During respiration, plants break down glucose and other organic molecules to release energy, and oxygen is required for this process. The oxygen is used to oxidize the organic molecules, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. This process allows plants to obtain energy for growth and other metabolic activities.

24. Plants, like most living organisms, respire. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration. How can this carbon dioxide be reused by the plant?

As an insulating gas to regulate temperature

As a reactant in photosynthesis

As a reactant in transpiration

As a source of nitrogen for the synthesis of nitrogenous compounds

During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide as a reactant to produce glucose and oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy. The carbon dioxide is broken down and its carbon atoms are used to build glucose molecules, while the oxygen is released as a byproduct. Therefore, the carbon dioxide produced during respiration can be reused by the plant as a reactant in photosynthesis to produce energy-rich molecules for growth and development.

Explanation

During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide as a reactant to produce glucose and oxygen. This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy. The carbon dioxide is broken down and its carbon atoms are used to build glucose molecules, while the oxygen is released as a byproduct. Therefore, the carbon dioxide produced during respiration can be reused by the plant as a reactant in photosynthesis to produce energy-rich molecules for growth and development.

25. The rate of transpiration in plants is affected by various environmental factors. In a farming field, which of the following could negatively impact transpiration?

Water shortages

Loss of the energy powering the irrigation system

Droughts

All of the answers are correct.

All of the given options could negatively impact transpiration in plants. Water shortages can directly affect the availability of water for transpiration. Loss of energy powering the irrigation system can lead to a lack of water supply, which in turn can affect transpiration. Droughts, by definition, result in a scarcity of water, which can significantly reduce transpiration rates. Therefore, all of the answers are correct as they can all have a negative impact on transpiration in plants.

Explanation

All of the given options could negatively impact transpiration in plants. Water shortages can directly affect the availability of water for transpiration. Loss of energy powering the irrigation system can lead to a lack of water supply, which in turn can affect transpiration. Droughts, by definition, result in a scarcity of water, which can significantly reduce transpiration rates. Therefore, all of the answers are correct as they can all have a negative impact on transpiration in plants.

26. The following diagram outlines the basic steps of the upward movement of water through the main parts (root, stem, and leaf) of a very tall conifer tree.Which of the following does label (X) in the diagram refer to?

Osmosis

Guttation

Root pressure

Cohesion and adhesion

The correct answer is osmosis. Osmosis is the process by which water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. In the context of the diagram, label (X) likely refers to the movement of water through the plant's cells via osmosis, as water moves from the roots to the stem and leaves.

Explanation

The correct answer is osmosis. Osmosis is the process by which water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. In the context of the diagram, label (X) likely refers to the movement of water through the plant's cells via osmosis, as water moves from the roots to the stem and leaves.

27. Which of the following is not a limiting factor for transpiration?

Light intensity

Humidity

CO2 concentration

Wind

Temperature

CO2 concentration is not a limiting factor for transpiration because transpiration is the process by which water is lost from plants through stomata in the leaves. It is primarily driven by factors such as light intensity, humidity, wind, and temperature. CO2 concentration, on the other hand, is important for photosynthesis, but it does not directly affect the rate of transpiration.

Explanation

CO2 concentration is not a limiting factor for transpiration because transpiration is the process by which water is lost from plants through stomata in the leaves. It is primarily driven by factors such as light intensity, humidity, wind, and temperature. CO2 concentration, on the other hand, is important for photosynthesis, but it does not directly affect the rate of transpiration.

28. How is water mainly lost from the leaves of a plant?

It diffuses out of the spongy mesophyll.

It evaporates through the waxy cuticle.

It evaporates from the stomata.

It moves back to the roots by osmosis.

Water is mainly lost from the leaves of a plant through evaporation from the stomata. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor. As the water vaporizes, it escapes through these openings, resulting in water loss from the leaves. The other options mentioned, such as diffusion out of the spongy mesophyll and evaporation through the waxy cuticle, are not the main mechanisms of water loss from the leaves.

Explanation

Water is mainly lost from the leaves of a plant through evaporation from the stomata. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor. As the water vaporizes, it escapes through these openings, resulting in water loss from the leaves. The other options mentioned, such as diffusion out of the spongy mesophyll and evaporation through the waxy cuticle, are not the main mechanisms of water loss from the leaves.

29. How does the plant encounter the hot environmental conditions?

Decreasing photosynthesis process

Increasing transpiration process

Decreases water absorption

Increases water reabsorption

When plants encounter hot environmental conditions, they increase their transpiration process. Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the plant through the stomata in the leaves. This helps to cool the plant down as the water evaporates from the leaves. By increasing transpiration, the plant is able to release excess heat and maintain its temperature within a suitable range for survival. Decreasing photosynthesis process, decreasing water absorption, and increasing water reabsorption would not directly help the plant to cope with hot environmental conditions.

Explanation

When plants encounter hot environmental conditions, they increase their transpiration process. Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the plant through the stomata in the leaves. This helps to cool the plant down as the water evaporates from the leaves. By increasing transpiration, the plant is able to release excess heat and maintain its temperature within a suitable range for survival. Decreasing photosynthesis process, decreasing water absorption, and increasing water reabsorption would not directly help the plant to cope with hot environmental conditions.

30. What is the result of planting Tomato plant in a high moisture soil?

Decreasing of guttation rate

Increasing of transpiration rate

Increasing the excretory rate of nitrogenous wastes

Decreasing of photosynthesis rate

When a tomato plant is planted in a high moisture soil, it will increase its transpiration rate. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water through their leaves. In high moisture soil, there is an abundance of water available for the plant to absorb through its roots. This excess water causes the plant to increase its transpiration rate in order to maintain a balance of water and nutrients within its cells. Therefore, the correct answer is increasing of transpiration rate.

Explanation

When a tomato plant is planted in a high moisture soil, it will increase its transpiration rate. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water through their leaves. In high moisture soil, there is an abundance of water available for the plant to absorb through its roots. This excess water causes the plant to increase its transpiration rate in order to maintain a balance of water and nutrients within its cells. Therefore, the correct answer is increasing of transpiration rate.

31. What is the factor that causes the exit of CO₂ from plant leaves stomata?

Increasing its diffusion rate through a network of air spaces within the plant

Increasing the photosynthesis rate

Decreasing the carbohydrates catabolism

Its transferring greatly from the phloem to the mesophyll of the leaf

Increasing the diffusion rate of CO2 through a network of air spaces within the plant is the factor that causes the exit of CO2 from plant leaves stomata. The network of air spaces within the plant allows for increased surface area for gas exchange, facilitating the diffusion of CO2 out of the leaf. This process is essential for plants to obtain the necessary carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and to release the byproduct, oxygen, into the atmosphere.

Explanation

Increasing the diffusion rate of CO2 through a network of air spaces within the plant is the factor that causes the exit of CO2 from plant leaves stomata. The network of air spaces within the plant allows for increased surface area for gas exchange, facilitating the diffusion of CO2 out of the leaf. This process is essential for plants to obtain the necessary carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and to release the byproduct, oxygen, into the atmosphere.

32. What is the result of cultivating a plant in a Liming soil?

Increase in the transpiration rate

Increase in the rate of photosynthesis

Increase in Nitrogenous wastes excretion

Increase in the rate at which leaves fall

Cultivating a plant in a Liming soil increases the rate at which leaves fall. Liming soil refers to the process of adding lime to soil to reduce acidity. This can lead to an increase in the breakdown of organic matter in the soil, resulting in a higher rate of leaf decomposition. As a result, leaves may fall from the plant at a faster rate.

Explanation

Cultivating a plant in a Liming soil increases the rate at which leaves fall. Liming soil refers to the process of adding lime to soil to reduce acidity. This can lead to an increase in the breakdown of organic matter in the soil, resulting in a higher rate of leaf decomposition. As a result, leaves may fall from the plant at a faster rate.

33. The following diagram represents a T.S in a young dicot leaf. Which structure helps in the ascent of water inside the xylem vessels?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

The diagram is not provided, so it is not possible to give a specific explanation for the correct answer. However, in general, the structure that helps in the ascent of water inside the xylem vessels in a dicot leaf is the transpiration pull. Transpiration, the loss of water vapor through the stomata, creates a negative pressure gradient that pulls water up from the roots through the xylem vessels. This process is aided by the cohesion and adhesion properties of water molecules, which allow them to stick together and to the walls of the xylem vessels, facilitating the upward movement of water.

Explanation

The diagram is not provided, so it is not possible to give a specific explanation for the correct answer. However, in general, the structure that helps in the ascent of water inside the xylem vessels in a dicot leaf is the transpiration pull. Transpiration, the loss of water vapor through the stomata, creates a negative pressure gradient that pulls water up from the roots through the xylem vessels. This process is aided by the cohesion and adhesion properties of water molecules, which allow them to stick together and to the walls of the xylem vessels, facilitating the upward movement of water.

34. Which one of following will not directly affect transpiration?

Wind speed

Chlorophyll content of leaves

Light

Temperature

Chlorophyll content of leaves will not directly affect transpiration because transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves through stomata. It is primarily influenced by factors such as wind speed, light, and temperature. Chlorophyll content, on the other hand, is related to the green pigment in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis, but it does not directly impact the transpiration process.

Explanation

Chlorophyll content of leaves will not directly affect transpiration because transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves through stomata. It is primarily influenced by factors such as wind speed, light, and temperature. Chlorophyll content, on the other hand, is related to the green pigment in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis, but it does not directly impact the transpiration process.

35. Pure water can be lost from a plant through all of the following structures except ...

The stomata

The hydathodes

The woody stem

The waxy layer which covers leaves

Hydathodes are specialized structures in plants that release excess water in the form of droplets. This process is known as guttation. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that pure water can be lost from a plant through hydathodes. On the other hand, stomata are small openings in the leaves that allow for gas exchange and water vapor to escape through transpiration. The woody stem does not play a direct role in water loss, but the waxy layer on leaves helps to reduce water loss by preventing excessive evaporation.

Explanation

Hydathodes are specialized structures in plants that release excess water in the form of droplets. This process is known as guttation. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that pure water can be lost from a plant through hydathodes. On the other hand, stomata are small openings in the leaves that allow for gas exchange and water vapor to escape through transpiration. The woody stem does not play a direct role in water loss, but the waxy layer on leaves helps to reduce water loss by preventing excessive evaporation.

36. Which of the following is not a possible way where water can be lost through a plant's leaves?

Cuticular transpiration

Lenticular transpiration

Guttation

Stomatal transpiration

Lenticular transpiration is not a possible way where water can be lost through a plant's leaves. Cuticular transpiration occurs through the cuticle, which is the waxy layer covering the leaf surface. Guttation is the exudation of water droplets from the tips of leaves or stems. Stomatal transpiration happens through the stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface. However, lenticular transpiration refers to water loss through lenticels, which are small openings in the bark of woody stems. Since the question asks for a way where water can be lost through a plant's leaves, lenticular transpiration is not a relevant option.

Explanation

Lenticular transpiration is not a possible way where water can be lost through a plant's leaves. Cuticular transpiration occurs through the cuticle, which is the waxy layer covering the leaf surface. Guttation is the exudation of water droplets from the tips of leaves or stems. Stomatal transpiration happens through the stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface. However, lenticular transpiration refers to water loss through lenticels, which are small openings in the bark of woody stems. Since the question asks for a way where water can be lost through a plant's leaves, lenticular transpiration is not a relevant option.

37. Which of the following tables best differentiates between transpiration and guttation?

A

B

C

D

Table B best differentiates between transpiration and guttation because it clearly outlines the main differences between the two processes. It states that transpiration occurs through stomata on leaves, while guttation occurs through hydathodes on leaf margins. Additionally, it mentions that transpiration is a continuous process that helps in cooling the plant, while guttation is intermittent and helps in removing excess water. This table provides a clear and concise comparison between transpiration and guttation.

Explanation

Table B best differentiates between transpiration and guttation because it clearly outlines the main differences between the two processes. It states that transpiration occurs through stomata on leaves, while guttation occurs through hydathodes on leaf margins. Additionally, it mentions that transpiration is a continuous process that helps in cooling the plant, while guttation is intermittent and helps in removing excess water. This table provides a clear and concise comparison between transpiration and guttation.

38. Which of the following is the similarity between lenticular transpiration and guttation?

Time of occurrence

Product substances

Getting rid of water

Site of occurrence

Lenticular transpiration and guttation both involve the process of getting rid of water. Lenticular transpiration is the loss of water vapor through small openings called lenticels on the stems and branches of plants, while guttation is the exudation of water droplets from the tips or edges of leaves. In both cases, the plants are getting rid of excess water.

Explanation

Lenticular transpiration and guttation both involve the process of getting rid of water. Lenticular transpiration is the loss of water vapor through small openings called lenticels on the stems and branches of plants, while guttation is the exudation of water droplets from the tips or edges of leaves. In both cases, the plants are getting rid of excess water.

39. The figure below illustrates the percentage of water loss through transpiration in a certain plant. Which of the following plant parts is represented by the shaded area?

Lower epidermis of the leaf

Woody stem

Upper epidermis of the leaf

Green stem

The shaded area in the figure represents the woody stem. This is because transpiration, which is the loss of water through the plant, primarily occurs through the stomata on the leaves. The lower epidermis of the leaf and upper epidermis of the leaf do not have significant transpiration rates compared to the stomata. The green stem may have some transpiration, but it is not as significant as the woody stem. Therefore, the woody stem is the most likely plant part represented by the shaded area.

Explanation

The shaded area in the figure represents the woody stem. This is because transpiration, which is the loss of water through the plant, primarily occurs through the stomata on the leaves. The lower epidermis of the leaf and upper epidermis of the leaf do not have significant transpiration rates compared to the stomata. The green stem may have some transpiration, but it is not as significant as the woody stem. Therefore, the woody stem is the most likely plant part represented by the shaded area.

40. Which of the following is not a function of the structure (3)?

Getting rid of salts

Exchange of gases

Lowering the degree of temperature

Getting rid of water

The structure (3) does not function to get rid of salts.

Explanation

The structure (3) does not function to get rid of salts.

41. Which of the following substances the plant gets rid of it in abundance during day time?

Carbon dioxide

Water

Mineral salts

Nitrogenous wastes

During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. However, they also release water vapor through a process called transpiration. This occurs during the day when the plant's stomata are open to allow for gas exchange. Therefore, the plant gets rid of water in abundance during daytime.

Explanation

During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. However, they also release water vapor through a process called transpiration. This occurs during the day when the plant's stomata are open to allow for gas exchange. Therefore, the plant gets rid of water in abundance during daytime.

42. Wilting occurs due to excessive .......

Guttation

Absorption

Transpiration

Photosynthesis

Wilting occurs due to excessive transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water from their leaves through small openings called stomata. When there is excessive transpiration, the rate of water loss from the leaves is higher than the rate at which water is absorbed by the roots. This leads to a water deficit in the plant, causing the cells to lose turgidity and the plant to wilt.

Explanation

Wilting occurs due to excessive transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water from their leaves through small openings called stomata. When there is excessive transpiration, the rate of water loss from the leaves is higher than the rate at which water is absorbed by the roots. This leads to a water deficit in the plant, causing the cells to lose turgidity and the plant to wilt.

43. Which is untrue for excretion process in plants?

Terrestrial plants excrete some waste into the soil around them.

Aquatic plants excrete metabolic wastes through diffusion.

Plants transform some nitrogen compounds into useful substances.

The statement that the rate of catabolism of some Cotton plants weighing 50 kilograms is nearly equal to that of a Sheep having a weight of 50 kilograms is untrue for the excretion process in plants. This is because catabolism refers to the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, which is not directly related to excretion. The rate of catabolism in plants and animals can vary significantly due to differences in metabolic processes and physiological characteristics. Therefore, comparing the catabolism rate of cotton plants to that of a sheep is not accurate in the context of excretion.

Explanation

The statement that the rate of catabolism of some Cotton plants weighing 50 kilograms is nearly equal to that of a Sheep having a weight of 50 kilograms is untrue for the excretion process in plants. This is because catabolism refers to the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, which is not directly related to excretion. The rate of catabolism in plants and animals can vary significantly due to differences in metabolic processes and physiological characteristics. Therefore, comparing the catabolism rate of cotton plants to that of a sheep is not accurate in the context of excretion.

44. Which of the following doesn't exit out through stomata?

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Pure water

Mineral salts

Mineral salts do not exit out through stomata. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the release of water vapor during transpiration. However, mineral salts are absorbed by the roots of plants and transported through the xylem to the rest of the plant for various physiological functions, such as nutrient uptake and growth. Therefore, mineral salts do not exit through stomata.

Explanation

Mineral salts do not exit out through stomata. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the release of water vapor during transpiration. However, mineral salts are absorbed by the roots of plants and transported through the xylem to the rest of the plant for various physiological functions, such as nutrient uptake and growth. Therefore, mineral salts do not exit through stomata.

45. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT for transpiration?

Root pressure is involved

It occurs by stomata, lenticels, and cuticle

Water comes out as water vapour

It occurs mostly in all plants

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from a plant through the stomata, lenticels, and cuticle in the form of water vapor. Root pressure, on the other hand, is involved in the process of guttation, which is the exudation of water droplets from the tips of leaves or other plant structures. Therefore, the statement "Root pressure is involved" is incorrect for transpiration.

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from a plant through the stomata, lenticels, and cuticle in the form of water vapor. Root pressure, on the other hand, is involved in the process of guttation, which is the exudation of water droplets from the tips of leaves or other plant structures. Therefore, the statement "Root pressure is involved" is incorrect for transpiration.

46. Which condition(s) favor "Guttation"?

1. High water absorption

2. High transpiration

3. Low transpiration

4. Both (1) and (3)

Guttation is the process by which water droplets are exuded from the tips or edges of leaves. It occurs when there is a high rate of water absorption by the roots and a low rate of transpiration from the leaves. When water absorption is high, the roots take up more water than the plant can transpire, leading to excess water being pushed out through specialized structures called hydathodes. Similarly, when transpiration is low, there is less water loss from the leaves, allowing excess water to accumulate and be released through guttation. Therefore, both high water absorption (1) and low transpiration (3) conditions favor guttation.

Explanation

Guttation is the process by which water droplets are exuded from the tips or edges of leaves. It occurs when there is a high rate of water absorption by the roots and a low rate of transpiration from the leaves. When water absorption is high, the roots take up more water than the plant can transpire, leading to excess water being pushed out through specialized structures called hydathodes. Similarly, when transpiration is low, there is less water loss from the leaves, allowing excess water to accumulate and be released through guttation. Therefore, both high water absorption (1) and low transpiration (3) conditions favor guttation.

47. Which of the following is NOT true about catabolic wastes in plants cells?

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic respiration and oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis.

Waste substances are accumulated in concentrations that lead to crystal formation in the cell vacuole.

Plants can store the waste in organs that are destined to fall off like autumn leaves.

Organic acids are reused in building up sugars.

Organic acids are not reused in building up sugars in plant cells. Instead, they are usually broken down further or excreted as waste products.

Explanation

Organic acids are not reused in building up sugars in plant cells. Instead, they are usually broken down further or excreted as waste products.

48. The plant excretes the excess water through …..

Respiration and guttation

Transpiration and respiration

Transpiration and guttation

Transpiration and imbibition

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through small openings called stomata on their leaves. This helps in the regulation of temperature and the transportation of nutrients. Guttation, on the other hand, is the process by which plants release excess water in the form of droplets through specialized structures called hydathodes. Both transpiration and guttation are mechanisms used by plants to get rid of excess water, making the answer "Transpiration and guttation" the correct choice.

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through small openings called stomata on their leaves. This helps in the regulation of temperature and the transportation of nutrients. Guttation, on the other hand, is the process by which plants release excess water in the form of droplets through specialized structures called hydathodes. Both transpiration and guttation are mechanisms used by plants to get rid of excess water, making the answer "Transpiration and guttation" the correct choice.

49. Water is lost in a liquid state in some plants through hydathodes. These hydathodes .....

Show a specificity in opening and closing

Remain closed during day

Remain always open

Remain closed at night

Hydathodes are specialized structures in plants that allow water to be lost in a liquid state. Unlike stomata, which open and close to regulate gas exchange, hydathodes remain always open. This continuous opening of hydathodes allows for the release of excess water from the plant, a process known as guttation. This helps to maintain the water balance in the plant and prevent damage from excess water accumulation. Therefore, the correct answer is that hydathodes remain always open.

Explanation

Hydathodes are specialized structures in plants that allow water to be lost in a liquid state. Unlike stomata, which open and close to regulate gas exchange, hydathodes remain always open. This continuous opening of hydathodes allows for the release of excess water from the plant, a process known as guttation. This helps to maintain the water balance in the plant and prevent damage from excess water accumulation. Therefore, the correct answer is that hydathodes remain always open.

50. Which of the following will not directly affect transpiration?

Temperature

Chlorophyll content of leaves

Wind speed

Atmospheric pressure

The chlorophyll content of leaves will not directly affect transpiration because transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the surface of plant leaves. It is primarily influenced by factors such as temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. The chlorophyll content of leaves, on the other hand, is responsible for capturing sunlight and aiding in photosynthesis, but it does not directly impact the evaporation of water from the leaves.

Explanation

The chlorophyll content of leaves will not directly affect transpiration because transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the surface of plant leaves. It is primarily influenced by factors such as temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. The chlorophyll content of leaves, on the other hand, is responsible for capturing sunlight and aiding in photosynthesis, but it does not directly impact the evaporation of water from the leaves.

51. Which of the following statements is not related to the physiological phenomenon shown in the figure below?

Water is given out in the form of droplets.

Water given out is impure.

Water is given out during early morning in spring.

Occurs almost in all plants.

The figure below represents a physiological phenomenon related to water given out in the form of droplets. The statement "Occurs almost in all plants" is not related to this phenomenon as it does not provide any information about the water being given out in droplets or its purity.

Explanation

The figure below represents a physiological phenomenon related to water given out in the form of droplets. The statement "Occurs almost in all plants" is not related to this phenomenon as it does not provide any information about the water being given out in droplets or its purity.

52. In higher Angiosperm, water is lost from aerial parts of plants mainly through ……

Guttation process

Cuticular transpiration

Lenticular transpiration

Stomata transpiration

In higher Angiosperms, water is primarily lost from the aerial parts of plants through stomata transpiration. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor. This process is essential for the plant's survival as it helps to regulate temperature, facilitate nutrient uptake, and maintain turgidity. Cuticular transpiration refers to water loss through the waxy cuticle layer on the surface of leaves, while lenticular transpiration occurs through lenticels, which are small openings in the bark of woody stems. Guttation is the process of water being excreted from specialized structures called hydathodes and is not the main mechanism of water loss in higher Angiosperms.

Explanation

In higher Angiosperms, water is primarily lost from the aerial parts of plants through stomata transpiration. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor. This process is essential for the plant's survival as it helps to regulate temperature, facilitate nutrient uptake, and maintain turgidity. Cuticular transpiration refers to water loss through the waxy cuticle layer on the surface of leaves, while lenticular transpiration occurs through lenticels, which are small openings in the bark of woody stems. Guttation is the process of water being excreted from specialized structures called hydathodes and is not the main mechanism of water loss in higher Angiosperms.

53. Stomata close when guard cells……

Gain chloride ions

Lose water

Become turgid

Gain potassium ions

When guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and close, leading to the closure of stomata. This is because when guard cells lose water, the turgor pressure decreases and the cells shrink, causing the stomatal pore to close. This mechanism helps to prevent excessive water loss from the plant and regulate gas exchange.

Explanation

When guard cells lose water, they become flaccid and close, leading to the closure of stomata. This is because when guard cells lose water, the turgor pressure decreases and the cells shrink, causing the stomatal pore to close. This mechanism helps to prevent excessive water loss from the plant and regulate gas exchange.

54. What happens to the rate of transpiration if wind speed increases?

It decreases

It stays the same

It increases

It increases then decreases

When wind speed increases, the rate of transpiration also increases. This is because wind helps in removing the water vapor that is evaporating from the leaves, creating a drier environment around the plant. As a result, the plant tends to lose more water through transpiration to maintain its water balance. Therefore, an increase in wind speed leads to an increase in the rate of transpiration.

Explanation

When wind speed increases, the rate of transpiration also increases. This is because wind helps in removing the water vapor that is evaporating from the leaves, creating a drier environment around the plant. As a result, the plant tends to lose more water through transpiration to maintain its water balance. Therefore, an increase in wind speed leads to an increase in the rate of transpiration.

55. Which of the following statements is/are correct? I. The net gaseous exchange in leaves at night is, oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out. II. Net gaseous exchange during day time is, oxygen diffuses out and carbon dioxide diffuses in.

Only I is correct.

Only II is correct

Both I and II are correct.

Neither I nor II is correct.

During the night, photosynthesis does not occur in plants, so they rely on respiration. In respiration, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released. Therefore, statement I is correct. During the day, photosynthesis takes place, where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This is the opposite of respiration, so statement II is also correct. Therefore, both statements I and II are correct.

Explanation

During the night, photosynthesis does not occur in plants, so they rely on respiration. In respiration, oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released. Therefore, statement I is correct. During the day, photosynthesis takes place, where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. This is the opposite of respiration, so statement II is also correct. Therefore, both statements I and II are correct.

56. Plants store excretory waste products.......

In food vacuoles

In the form of Proteins

In cellular vacuoles

Both in cellular vacuoles and food vacules

Plants store excretory waste products in cellular vacuoles. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that serve as storage compartments. They can store various substances, including waste products produced by the plant's metabolic processes. These waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles until they can be safely eliminated from the plant's system.

Explanation

Plants store excretory waste products in cellular vacuoles. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in plant cells that serve as storage compartments. They can store various substances, including waste products produced by the plant's metabolic processes. These waste products are stored in cellular vacuoles until they can be safely eliminated from the plant's system.

57. Which of the following graphs is not correct regarding the rate of transpiration?

B

D

C

A

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

58. Transpiration occurs ...

In day time

At night

All over the day

In the early morning

Transpiration occurs in the daytime because that is when the sun is shining and the temperature is higher. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves. During the day, the sunlight provides the energy needed for transpiration to occur. The high temperature also increases the rate of evaporation from the leaves, leading to more water vapor being released. At night, when the temperature is lower and there is no sunlight, transpiration slows down or stops altogether.

Explanation

Transpiration occurs in the daytime because that is when the sun is shining and the temperature is higher. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves. During the day, the sunlight provides the energy needed for transpiration to occur. The high temperature also increases the rate of evaporation from the leaves, leading to more water vapor being released. At night, when the temperature is lower and there is no sunlight, transpiration slows down or stops altogether.

59. In an experiment to illustrate that the number of stomata on the upper epidermis of a leaf is negligible in compared to that on the lower one, four Fig tree leaves are taken and hanged so that they may transpire freely as shown in the figure below where: Leaf (A) its lower surface is vaselined Leaf (B) its upper surface is vaselined Leaf (C) both surfaces are vaselined Leaf (D) Vaseline is not applied on its surfaces.What is your observation after leaving the leaves for two days?

The correct answer is (A) remains turgid and green to a great extent / (B) wrinkled appearance / (C) looks fresh and is not affected at all / (D) wilts completely.

This observation can be explained by the fact that stomata are mainly present on the lower surface of the leaf. When the lower surface is vaselined (leaf A), the stomata are blocked, resulting in a decrease in transpiration and water loss. As a result, the leaf remains turgid and green.

When the upper surface is vaselined (leaf B), the stomata on the lower surface are still able to function, allowing for transpiration and water loss. However, the stomata on the upper surface are blocked, leading to a decrease in overall transpiration. This causes the leaf to lose water and appear wrinkled.

When both surfaces are vaselined (leaf C), all stomata are blocked, resulting in a complete cessation of transpiration. Without transpiration, the leaf wilts completely.

When no vaseline is applied (leaf D), both the upper and lower stomata are able to function, allowing for transpiration and water loss. As a result, the leaf remains turgid and green to a great extent.

Explanation

The correct answer is (A) remains turgid and green to a great extent / (B) wrinkled appearance / (C) looks fresh and is not affected at all / (D) wilts completely.

This observation can be explained by the fact that stomata are mainly present on the lower surface of the leaf. When the lower surface is vaselined (leaf A), the stomata are blocked, resulting in a decrease in transpiration and water loss. As a result, the leaf remains turgid and green.

When the upper surface is vaselined (leaf B), the stomata on the lower surface are still able to function, allowing for transpiration and water loss. However, the stomata on the upper surface are blocked, leading to a decrease in overall transpiration. This causes the leaf to lose water and appear wrinkled.

When both surfaces are vaselined (leaf C), all stomata are blocked, resulting in a complete cessation of transpiration. Without transpiration, the leaf wilts completely.

When no vaseline is applied (leaf D), both the upper and lower stomata are able to function, allowing for transpiration and water loss. As a result, the leaf remains turgid and green to a great extent.

60. Why do plants produce both carbon dioxide and oxygen?

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration and oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of photosynthesis and oxygen is a waste product of respiration

Carbon dioxide and oxygen are both waste products of photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide and oxygen are both waste products of respiration

Plants produce both carbon dioxide and oxygen because carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration, which occurs in plant cells, and oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis, which also occurs in plant cells. During respiration, plants break down glucose to release energy, producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Therefore, plants produce both carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of these essential processes.

Explanation

Plants produce both carbon dioxide and oxygen because carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration, which occurs in plant cells, and oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis, which also occurs in plant cells. During respiration, plants break down glucose to release energy, producing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. In photosynthesis, plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Therefore, plants produce both carbon dioxide and oxygen as waste products of these essential processes.

61. In guttation process, plants can ……

Excrete carbon dioxide

Compensate for loss of water

Manufacture organic substances

Get rid of excess of water

Guttation is the process by which plants excrete excess water in the form of droplets through special openings called hydathodes. This process occurs when the rate of water absorption by the roots exceeds the rate of transpiration. Therefore, the correct answer is "Get rid of excess of water."

Explanation

Guttation is the process by which plants excrete excess water in the form of droplets through special openings called hydathodes. This process occurs when the rate of water absorption by the roots exceeds the rate of transpiration. Therefore, the correct answer is "Get rid of excess of water."

62. What are lenticels?

Epidermal tissues

Wax layers of leaves

Openings in the bark

Channels to transfer water

Lenticels are openings in the bark of plants that allow for gas exchange between the internal tissues and the external environment. They are typically found in woody stems and branches and serve as a pathway for oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to exit the plant. Lenticels also play a role in the release of excess water vapor.

Explanation

Lenticels are openings in the bark of plants that allow for gas exchange between the internal tissues and the external environment. They are typically found in woody stems and branches and serve as a pathway for oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to exit the plant. Lenticels also play a role in the release of excess water vapor.

63. Opening and closing of pores is a function performed by.......

Stomata

Lenticels

Hydathodes

Guard cells

Guard cells are responsible for the opening and closing of pores, known as stomata, in plants. Stomata are essential for gas exchange, allowing plants to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen and water vapor. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata by changing their shape. When the guard cells are turgid, the stomata open, allowing gas exchange. Conversely, when the guard cells lose water and become flaccid, the stomata close, preventing excessive water loss. Therefore, the correct answer is guard cells.

Explanation

Guard cells are responsible for the opening and closing of pores, known as stomata, in plants. Stomata are essential for gas exchange, allowing plants to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen and water vapor. Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata by changing their shape. When the guard cells are turgid, the stomata open, allowing gas exchange. Conversely, when the guard cells lose water and become flaccid, the stomata close, preventing excessive water loss. Therefore, the correct answer is guard cells.

64. In the experiment shown below, say what will happen to hydrous copper sulphate if it is added to the water drops.

Its colour will remain the same.

It will react with the water drops forming copper hydroxide + sulpher dioxide.

Its colour will change to blue.

It will react with the water drops forming copper oxide + sulpher dioxide.

When hydrous copper sulphate is added to water drops, its color will remain the same. This is because hydrous copper sulphate is a blue compound, and when it dissolves in water, it forms copper ions (Cu2+) and sulphate ions (SO4^2-). The presence of water does not cause any chemical reaction that would change the color of the copper ions. Therefore, the color of the hydrous copper sulphate remains unchanged.

Explanation

When hydrous copper sulphate is added to water drops, its color will remain the same. This is because hydrous copper sulphate is a blue compound, and when it dissolves in water, it forms copper ions (Cu2+) and sulphate ions (SO4^2-). The presence of water does not cause any chemical reaction that would change the color of the copper ions. Therefore, the color of the hydrous copper sulphate remains unchanged.

65. Mangrove trees shown below live in salty water up to 100 times saltier than most other plants can tolerate.Salt water can kill plants. So how do mangroves survive under such dislike conditions?

Concentrate salt in older leaves, so when the leaves drop, the stored salt goes with them.

All of them.

All of the given options explain how mangrove trees are able to survive in salty water. The first option states that mangroves squeeze out extra salt through special pores in their leaves, which helps them tolerate the high salt levels. The second option mentions that mangroves have a substance in their roots that filters out a large percentage of the salt in seawater, allowing them to take in only the necessary amount. The third option explains that mangroves concentrate salt in older leaves, which are eventually shed, thereby removing the excess salt from their system. Therefore, all of these mechanisms contribute to the survival of mangroves in salty conditions.

Explanation

All of the given options explain how mangrove trees are able to survive in salty water. The first option states that mangroves squeeze out extra salt through special pores in their leaves, which helps them tolerate the high salt levels. The second option mentions that mangroves have a substance in their roots that filters out a large percentage of the salt in seawater, allowing them to take in only the necessary amount. The third option explains that mangroves concentrate salt in older leaves, which are eventually shed, thereby removing the excess salt from their system. Therefore, all of these mechanisms contribute to the survival of mangroves in salty conditions.

66. Cooling of plants is caused by …..

Guttation

Photosynthesis

Transpiration

Respiration

Cooling of plants is caused by transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through small openings called stomata on their leaves. As the water evaporates from the leaves, it cools down the plant. This cooling effect is similar to how sweating cools down our bodies. Guttation is the process by which plants release liquid droplets from the tips of their leaves, but it does not directly contribute to cooling. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, and respiration is the process by which they release energy from stored sugars, but neither of these processes directly cause cooling.

Explanation

Cooling of plants is caused by transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through small openings called stomata on their leaves. As the water evaporates from the leaves, it cools down the plant. This cooling effect is similar to how sweating cools down our bodies. Guttation is the process by which plants release liquid droplets from the tips of their leaves, but it does not directly contribute to cooling. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, and respiration is the process by which they release energy from stored sugars, but neither of these processes directly cause cooling.

67. During the ascent of sap, the water column present inside vessels and tracheids, does not rupture due to .....

Transpiration pull

Lignified thick walls

Cohension and adhesion

Weak gravitational pull

The water column inside vessels and tracheids does not rupture during the ascent of sap due to cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules, causing them to stick together, while adhesion refers to the attraction between water molecules and the walls of the vessels and tracheids. These forces of cohesion and adhesion help to maintain the integrity of the water column and prevent it from breaking apart as water is pulled up through the plant.

Explanation

The water column inside vessels and tracheids does not rupture during the ascent of sap due to cohesion and adhesion. Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules, causing them to stick together, while adhesion refers to the attraction between water molecules and the walls of the vessels and tracheids. These forces of cohesion and adhesion help to maintain the integrity of the water column and prevent it from breaking apart as water is pulled up through the plant.

68. Both transpiration and guttation are affected by the change of the season. But they differ from each other in the nature and the amount of water loss.

The two statements are correct.

The two statements are not correct.

The first statement only is correct.

The second statement only is correct.

Both transpiration and guttation are affected by the change of the season. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water through their leaves, and it is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind. The change of the season can affect these factors and therefore impact the rate of transpiration. Guttation, on the other hand, is the process by which plants release liquid water from specialized structures called hydathodes. This process is also influenced by environmental factors and can be affected by the change of the season. Therefore, both transpiration and guttation are indeed affected by the change of the season, but they differ in the nature and amount of water loss.

Explanation

Both transpiration and guttation are affected by the change of the season. Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water through their leaves, and it is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind. The change of the season can affect these factors and therefore impact the rate of transpiration. Guttation, on the other hand, is the process by which plants release liquid water from specialized structures called hydathodes. This process is also influenced by environmental factors and can be affected by the change of the season. Therefore, both transpiration and guttation are indeed affected by the change of the season, but they differ in the nature and amount of water loss.

69. The following table illustrates the rate of transpiration for four plants. Which of them describes proper readings for the rate of transpiration under the different environmental conditions shown in the table?

A

B

C

D

Without the table or any information about the environmental conditions and the rate of transpiration for each plant, it is impossible to provide an explanation for why option A is the correct answer.

Explanation

Without the table or any information about the environmental conditions and the rate of transpiration for each plant, it is impossible to provide an explanation for why option A is the correct answer.

70. The process in the following figure represents ..........

Cuticular transpiration

Lenticular transpiration

Guttation

Stomatal transpiration

The process depicted in the figure refers to stomatal transpiration. Stomatal transpiration is the loss of water vapor through the stomata, which are small openings on the surface of leaves. These stomata regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the plant and its environment. During stomatal transpiration, water vapor diffuses out of the plant through the stomata, helping to regulate temperature, transport nutrients, and maintain cell turgidity. This process is crucial for plant survival and plays a significant role in the water cycle.

Explanation

The process depicted in the figure refers to stomatal transpiration. Stomatal transpiration is the loss of water vapor through the stomata, which are small openings on the surface of leaves. These stomata regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the plant and its environment. During stomatal transpiration, water vapor diffuses out of the plant through the stomata, helping to regulate temperature, transport nutrients, and maintain cell turgidity. This process is crucial for plant survival and plays a significant role in the water cycle.

71. Which of the following adaptations might help desert plants to conserve water?

Having fewer numbers of stomata on the leaves

Having larger stomata on the upper epidermis of the leaves

Having lots of leaves with larger surface areas

Having upper leaves with no cuticles on their surface

Desert plants need to conserve water due to the scarcity of water in their environment. Having fewer numbers of stomata on the leaves is an adaptation that helps in reducing water loss through transpiration. Stomata are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, but they also allow water to escape. By having fewer stomata, desert plants can minimize water loss and conserve water.

Explanation

Desert plants need to conserve water due to the scarcity of water in their environment. Having fewer numbers of stomata on the leaves is an adaptation that helps in reducing water loss through transpiration. Stomata are tiny openings on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange, but they also allow water to escape. By having fewer stomata, desert plants can minimize water loss and conserve water.

72. Which of the following best explains the relationship between temperature and the rate of transpiration?

As temperature increases, the rate of transpiration increases because water molecules are actively transported out of the leaf faster.

As temperature increases, the rate of transpiration decreases because water molecules diffuse from the leaf slower.

As temperature decreases, the rate of transpiration increases because water molecules are actively transported out of the leaf faster.

As temperature increases, the rate of transpiration increases because water molecules diffuse from the leaf faster.

As temperature increases, the rate of transpiration increases because water molecules diffuse from the leaf faster. This is because higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of the water molecules, causing them to move more rapidly and escape from the leaf's surface more quickly. As a result, the rate of transpiration, which is the loss of water vapor from the leaf, increases.

Explanation

As temperature increases, the rate of transpiration increases because water molecules diffuse from the leaf faster. This is because higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of the water molecules, causing them to move more rapidly and escape from the leaf's surface more quickly. As a result, the rate of transpiration, which is the loss of water vapor from the leaf, increases.

73. Which conditions speed up the rate of transpiration?

Cold dry and windy

Cold wet and not windy

Hot wet and windy

Hot dry and windy

Hot dry and windy conditions speed up the rate of transpiration because heat increases the evaporation of water from the leaves, dryness creates a concentration gradient that promotes water movement out of the plant, and wind removes the water vapor from the leaf surface, maintaining a low humidity around the plant.

Explanation

Hot dry and windy conditions speed up the rate of transpiration because heat increases the evaporation of water from the leaves, dryness creates a concentration gradient that promotes water movement out of the plant, and wind removes the water vapor from the leaf surface, maintaining a low humidity around the plant.

74. Why does the rate of transpiration increase if the light intensity is increased?

The humidity increases, which makes the rate of transpiration increase.

The root hair cells become more permeable to water, lifting more water into the mesophyll through the xylem.

All of them.

When light intensity is increased, the stomata open wider to allow more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis. This wider opening of stomata also allows more water to escape from the leaf through transpiration. As a result, the rate of transpiration increases.

Explanation

When light intensity is increased, the stomata open wider to allow more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis. This wider opening of stomata also allows more water to escape from the leaf through transpiration. As a result, the rate of transpiration increases.

75. Loss of water from the tips of some leaves is known as ....

Exudation

Guttation

Transpiration

Evaporation

Guttation is the process in which water is lost from the tips of some leaves. This occurs when excess water pressure builds up in the plant's xylem vessels, causing water to be forced out through specialized structures called hydathodes. This process is different from transpiration, which is the loss of water vapor from the plant's leaves, and evaporation, which refers to the conversion of liquid water into water vapor. Exudation, on the other hand, refers to the release of substances such as sap or resin from plants.

Explanation

Guttation is the process in which water is lost from the tips of some leaves. This occurs when excess water pressure builds up in the plant's xylem vessels, causing water to be forced out through specialized structures called hydathodes. This process is different from transpiration, which is the loss of water vapor from the plant's leaves, and evaporation, which refers to the conversion of liquid water into water vapor. Exudation, on the other hand, refers to the release of substances such as sap or resin from plants.

76. Read the two statements carefully then answer the question. 1. Guttation occurs by a pushing force 2. Transpiration occurs by a pulling force. Which statement(s) is correct and which is incorrect?

(1) is correct and (2) is incorrect

(1) is incorrect and (2) is correct

Both are incorrect

Both are correct

Guttation is the process by which water is excreted from the leaves of plants through specialized structures called hydathodes. This process occurs due to a pushing force, as water is forced out of the plant through pressure buildup in the xylem. On the other hand, transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through small openings called stomata. This process occurs due to a pulling force, as water molecules evaporate from the leaves and create a negative pressure gradient that pulls more water up from the roots. Therefore, statement 1 is correct in stating that guttation occurs by a pushing force, and statement 2 is correct in stating that transpiration occurs by a pulling force.

Explanation

Guttation is the process by which water is excreted from the leaves of plants through specialized structures called hydathodes. This process occurs due to a pushing force, as water is forced out of the plant through pressure buildup in the xylem. On the other hand, transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through small openings called stomata. This process occurs due to a pulling force, as water molecules evaporate from the leaves and create a negative pressure gradient that pulls more water up from the roots. Therefore, statement 1 is correct in stating that guttation occurs by a pushing force, and statement 2 is correct in stating that transpiration occurs by a pulling force.

77. Which graph represents the proper relationship between the rate of transpiration and one of its internal factors?

A

C

D

B

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

78. Which of the following conditions is not necessary for stomata opening?

Increases movement of the air around a plant.

Humidity of the air surrounding the plant rises.

Falling carbon dioxide concentrations in the plant cells.

At air temperatures of 36 °C

An increase in the movement of air around a plant, falling carbon dioxide concentrations in the plant cells, and air temperatures of 36 °C are all conditions that are necessary for stomata opening. However, the humidity of the air surrounding the plant rising is not necessary for stomata opening. Stomata open in response to a decrease in water potential in the guard cells, which is caused by factors such as light, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration. Humidity does not directly affect the water potential of the guard cells, so it is not necessary for stomata opening.

Explanation

An increase in the movement of air around a plant, falling carbon dioxide concentrations in the plant cells, and air temperatures of 36 °C are all conditions that are necessary for stomata opening. However, the humidity of the air surrounding the plant rising is not necessary for stomata opening. Stomata open in response to a decrease in water potential in the guard cells, which is caused by factors such as light, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration. Humidity does not directly affect the water potential of the guard cells, so it is not necessary for stomata opening.

79. Due to low atmospheric pressure, the rate of transpiration will ….

Increase

Decrease rapidly

Decrease slowly

Remain unaffected

Low atmospheric pressure means that there is less pressure pushing down on the surface of the leaves, which allows for an easier escape of water vapor through the stomata. As a result, the rate of transpiration increases.

Explanation

Low atmospheric pressure means that there is less pressure pushing down on the surface of the leaves, which allows for an easier escape of water vapor through the stomata. As a result, the rate of transpiration increases.

80. The plant in the figure shown below transpires through .....

Stomata of stem

Stomata of leaves

Lenticels of stem

Cuticle of leaves

The correct answer is Stomata of stem. Stomata are small openings found on the surface of leaves and stems that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor through transpiration. While stomata are primarily found on the leaves, they can also be present on the stems. Therefore, the plant in the figure shown is likely transpiring through the stomata on its stem.

Explanation

The correct answer is Stomata of stem. Stomata are small openings found on the surface of leaves and stems that allow for gas exchange, including the release of water vapor through transpiration. While stomata are primarily found on the leaves, they can also be present on the stems. Therefore, the plant in the figure shown is likely transpiring through the stomata on its stem.

81. If you know that Elodea plant is an aquatic one lives in fresh water. Which of the following contradicts excretion of the plant?

The plant reuses the CO2 results from respiration

The plant reuses the O2 results from photosynthesis

The plant reuses nitrogenous wastes in building proteins

The plant stores the organic salts and acids in its cells

The Elodea plant, being an aquatic plant, lives in fresh water and therefore does not need to excrete excess water or waste products like terrestrial plants do. The plant reuses the CO2 produced from respiration and stores organic salts and acids in its cells. However, it cannot reuse the O2 produced from photosynthesis because it is a byproduct of the plant's metabolic processes and is released into the surrounding water.

Explanation

The Elodea plant, being an aquatic plant, lives in fresh water and therefore does not need to excrete excess water or waste products like terrestrial plants do. The plant reuses the CO2 produced from respiration and stores organic salts and acids in its cells. However, it cannot reuse the O2 produced from photosynthesis because it is a byproduct of the plant's metabolic processes and is released into the surrounding water.

82. If a plant closes its stomata, this means .....

It can take in more oxygen for respiration

It cannot take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

It loses water by transpiration

That no sunlight will reach chloroplasts

When a plant closes its stomata, it is unable to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow gases to enter and exit the plant. Carbon dioxide is necessary for the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into energy. By closing its stomata, the plant is preventing the entry of carbon dioxide, which hinders its ability to perform photosynthesis effectively.

Explanation

When a plant closes its stomata, it is unable to take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that allow gases to enter and exit the plant. Carbon dioxide is necessary for the process of photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight into energy. By closing its stomata, the plant is preventing the entry of carbon dioxide, which hinders its ability to perform photosynthesis effectively.

83. An experiment to demonstrate the lifting power of transpiration is prepared as shown in the figure below. What happens if an air bubble is formed in the water found in the capillary tube?

Mercury level in the capillary tube rises.

Mercury level in the capillary tube falls.

Water level below the air bubble in the capillary tube rises.

Water level above the air bubble in the capillary tube rises

If an air bubble is formed in the water found in the capillary tube, the water level above the air bubble in the capillary tube rises. This is because transpiration, the process by which water is transported through plants, creates a negative pressure or tension in the xylem vessels. This tension pulls water up from the roots to the leaves. When an air bubble is formed, it disrupts the continuous flow of water, causing the tension to increase. As a result, more water is pulled up from below the air bubble, causing the water level above the air bubble in the capillary tube to rise.

Explanation

If an air bubble is formed in the water found in the capillary tube, the water level above the air bubble in the capillary tube rises. This is because transpiration, the process by which water is transported through plants, creates a negative pressure or tension in the xylem vessels. This tension pulls water up from the roots to the leaves. When an air bubble is formed, it disrupts the continuous flow of water, causing the tension to increase. As a result, more water is pulled up from below the air bubble, causing the water level above the air bubble in the capillary tube to rise.

84. What is guttation?

Exudation of xylem sap

Capillarity action

Evaporation of excess water

Intermediate forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces.

Guttation refers to the process of exudation of xylem sap from the leaves of plants. This usually occurs during the night when the plant's stomata are closed, and excess water pressure builds up in the xylem vessels. As a result, the sap is forced out through specialized structures called hydathodes, which are found at the tips or edges of leaves. Guttation is different from transpiration, as it involves the release of liquid instead of water vapor.

Explanation

Guttation refers to the process of exudation of xylem sap from the leaves of plants. This usually occurs during the night when the plant's stomata are closed, and excess water pressure builds up in the xylem vessels. As a result, the sap is forced out through specialized structures called hydathodes, which are found at the tips or edges of leaves. Guttation is different from transpiration, as it involves the release of liquid instead of water vapor.

85. In summer afternoon rate of transpiration is greater than that of absorption. Then what happens to plants?

Temporary wilting.

No effect.

Leaves become yellow.

Plants will die.

In summer afternoons, the rate of transpiration in plants is higher than the rate of absorption. This means that plants lose more water through their leaves than they can take up from the soil. As a result, the plants may experience temporary wilting, where their leaves droop and become limp. This is a defense mechanism to reduce water loss and conserve moisture. However, once the temperature cools down or water availability increases, the plants will recover and regain their turgidity.

Explanation

In summer afternoons, the rate of transpiration in plants is higher than the rate of absorption. This means that plants lose more water through their leaves than they can take up from the soil. As a result, the plants may experience temporary wilting, where their leaves droop and become limp. This is a defense mechanism to reduce water loss and conserve moisture. However, once the temperature cools down or water availability increases, the plants will recover and regain their turgidity.

86. Which condition favors "Guttation" ?

High humidity.

Low humidity.

More transpiration.

Bright Sunlight.

Guttation is the process by which plants release excess water droplets through specialized structures called hydathodes. High humidity creates a moist environment around the plant, reducing the rate of evaporation and allowing water to accumulate in the plant tissues. This accumulation of water eventually leads to guttation. Therefore, high humidity favors the occurrence of guttation.

Explanation

Guttation is the process by which plants release excess water droplets through specialized structures called hydathodes. High humidity creates a moist environment around the plant, reducing the rate of evaporation and allowing water to accumulate in the plant tissues. This accumulation of water eventually leads to guttation. Therefore, high humidity favors the occurrence of guttation.

87. Despite the high percentage of humidity, the rate of transpiration may not be affected because of the …….

High temperature

Intense light

High wind speed

High atmospheric pressure

High wind speed can prevent the accumulation of water vapor around the leaves, which in turn promotes the movement of air molecules around the leaves. This movement helps to remove the water vapor and maintain a concentration gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere, allowing for efficient transpiration. Therefore, despite the high percentage of humidity, the rate of transpiration may not be affected by high wind speed.

Explanation

High wind speed can prevent the accumulation of water vapor around the leaves, which in turn promotes the movement of air molecules around the leaves. This movement helps to remove the water vapor and maintain a concentration gradient between the leaf and the atmosphere, allowing for efficient transpiration. Therefore, despite the high percentage of humidity, the rate of transpiration may not be affected by high wind speed.

88. Assuming that transpiration in a plant has stopped, which of the following statements would be correct in this case?

The entire vascular system would shut down, stopping the supply of water to lower plant parts.

The supply of water to plant parts would stop, especially the higher ones.

The plant’s temperature will cool down due to the evaporation of the cuticle layer.

The gas exchange would be impaired, which leads to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis.

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from a plant through its leaves. If transpiration stops, the supply of water to plant parts would stop, especially the higher ones. This is because transpiration creates a suction force that pulls water up through the plant's vascular system. Without transpiration, this suction force would not be present, and water would not be able to reach the higher parts of the plant. Therefore, the correct statement in this case would be that the supply of water to plant parts would stop, especially the higher ones.

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from a plant through its leaves. If transpiration stops, the supply of water to plant parts would stop, especially the higher ones. This is because transpiration creates a suction force that pulls water up through the plant's vascular system. Without transpiration, this suction force would not be present, and water would not be able to reach the higher parts of the plant. Therefore, the correct statement in this case would be that the supply of water to plant parts would stop, especially the higher ones.

89. The following diagram shows a type of potometer, a device used for estimating the rate of transpiration. Which of the following best explains why the readings of this apparatus do not reflect the accurate amount of transpired water?

The amount of water transpired contains some solutes and impurities which might cause a false increase in its volume.

The readings of this apparatus do not reflect the accurate amount of transpired water because not all of the water taken up by the leafy shoot will be transpired. Some of the water might be used for photosynthesis or for maintaining cell turgidity, rather than being transpired.

Explanation

The readings of this apparatus do not reflect the accurate amount of transpired water because not all of the water taken up by the leafy shoot will be transpired. Some of the water might be used for photosynthesis or for maintaining cell turgidity, rather than being transpired.

90. The graph below shows the results of an experiment that measures the amount of lost water from a plant during a day in the first week of April. What are the processes (A) and (B) respectively?

Guttation – Transpiration

Transpiration – Guttation

Photosynthesis- Transpiration

Photosynthesis- Guttation

The correct answer is Transpiration – Guttation. The graph shows a gradual increase in water loss from the plant during the first few days of April, which is characteristic of transpiration. However, on the last day of the graph, there is a sudden spike in water loss, indicating guttation. Guttation is the process by which water is excreted from the plant through specialized structures called hydathodes. Therefore, the correct processes represented by (A) and (B) on the graph are transpiration and guttation, respectively.

Explanation

The correct answer is Transpiration – Guttation. The graph shows a gradual increase in water loss from the plant during the first few days of April, which is characteristic of transpiration. However, on the last day of the graph, there is a sudden spike in water loss, indicating guttation. Guttation is the process by which water is excreted from the plant through specialized structures called hydathodes. Therefore, the correct processes represented by (A) and (B) on the graph are transpiration and guttation, respectively.

91. Which of the following processes helps the plant to get rid of excess phosphate ions?

Respiration

Stomatal transpiration

Exudation

Guttation

Guttation is the process by which plants excrete excess water and dissolved substances, including phosphate ions, through specialized structures called hydathodes. These hydathodes are found at the tips or edges of leaves and allow the plant to release excess water and ions through droplets. Therefore, guttation helps the plant to get rid of excess phosphate ions.

Explanation

Guttation is the process by which plants excrete excess water and dissolved substances, including phosphate ions, through specialized structures called hydathodes. These hydathodes are found at the tips or edges of leaves and allow the plant to release excess water and ions through droplets. Therefore, guttation helps the plant to get rid of excess phosphate ions.

92. Which of the following is(are) not among the excretory substances of the plant?

Water

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Amino acids

Amino acids are not excretory substances of plants because they are essential building blocks for proteins and are used in various metabolic processes. Plants do not excrete amino acids, but rather utilize them for growth and development. Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, on the other hand, are excretory substances in plants. Water is excreted through transpiration, carbon dioxide is released during respiration, and oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis.

Explanation

Amino acids are not excretory substances of plants because they are essential building blocks for proteins and are used in various metabolic processes. Plants do not excrete amino acids, but rather utilize them for growth and development. Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen, on the other hand, are excretory substances in plants. Water is excreted through transpiration, carbon dioxide is released during respiration, and oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis.

93. The diagram below shows two shoots at the start of an experiment on transpiration. What are the likely readings on the spring balances after three days?

A

B

C

D

The likely readings on the spring balances after three days would be equal. This can be inferred from the diagram, where both shoots are at the same height and have the same number of leaves. Therefore, they would experience similar transpiration rates, resulting in equal readings on the spring balances.

Explanation

The likely readings on the spring balances after three days would be equal. This can be inferred from the diagram, where both shoots are at the same height and have the same number of leaves. Therefore, they would experience similar transpiration rates, resulting in equal readings on the spring balances.

94. How does water get from the leaf to the atmosphere?

It evaporates into the air spaces and diffuses through the stomata

It moves by active transport into the air spaces and evaporates through the stomata

It moves by osmosis into the air spaces and diffuses through the stomata

It diffuses into the air spaces and evaporates through the stomata

Water gets from the leaf to the atmosphere by evaporating into the air spaces and then diffusing through the stomata. This process allows water molecules to escape from the leaf and enter the surrounding air. Evaporation occurs when water molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid phase and become a gas. The air spaces within the leaf provide a pathway for the water vapor to move towards the stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface. Through diffusion, the water vapor moves from an area of high concentration (inside the leaf) to an area of low concentration (outside the leaf) until it reaches the atmosphere.

Explanation

Water gets from the leaf to the atmosphere by evaporating into the air spaces and then diffusing through the stomata. This process allows water molecules to escape from the leaf and enter the surrounding air. Evaporation occurs when water molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid phase and become a gas. The air spaces within the leaf provide a pathway for the water vapor to move towards the stomata, which are small openings on the leaf surface. Through diffusion, the water vapor moves from an area of high concentration (inside the leaf) to an area of low concentration (outside the leaf) until it reaches the atmosphere.

95. Among various methods used by plants to get rid of their waste products are: 1. Gaseous waste through stomata and lenticels. 2. Stored solid wastes, by shedding leaves and falling of fruits. 3. By converting soluble toxic substances into insoluble crystals inside the cell vacules. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1 and 2 are correct.

2 and 3 are correct.

1 and 3 are correct.

1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Plants have various methods to get rid of their waste products. The first method is through stomata and lenticels, where gaseous waste is released. The second method is by shedding leaves and falling of fruits, which helps in getting rid of stored solid wastes. The third method involves converting soluble toxic substances into insoluble crystals inside the cell vacuoles. Therefore, all three statements - 1, 2, and 3 - are correct.

Explanation

Plants have various methods to get rid of their waste products. The first method is through stomata and lenticels, where gaseous waste is released. The second method is by shedding leaves and falling of fruits, which helps in getting rid of stored solid wastes. The third method involves converting soluble toxic substances into insoluble crystals inside the cell vacuoles. Therefore, all three statements - 1, 2, and 3 - are correct.

96. In an experiment to measure the rate of transpiration, The figure below shows two flasks (A) and (B) containing two similar leafy branches their ends are submerged in water. If flask (A) is kept in an area of high atmospheric pressure while flask (B) is kept in an area of low atmospheric pressure. What will happen to the amount of water in each flask after few hours of the experiment?

Water amount in (B) will be less than in (A)

Water amount in both flasks will be the same

Water amount in (B) decreases while in (A) remains constant

Water amount in (A) will be less than in (B)

In an experiment to measure the rate of transpiration, the two flasks (A) and (B) contain similar leafy branches submerged in water. Flask (A) is in an area of high atmospheric pressure, while flask (B) is in an area of low atmospheric pressure. Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through evaporation. In this experiment, the difference in atmospheric pressure between the two flasks will affect the rate of transpiration. Higher atmospheric pressure in flask (A) will result in less water being lost through transpiration compared to flask (B) with lower atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the water amount in flask (B) will be less than in flask (A) after a few hours of the experiment.

Explanation

In an experiment to measure the rate of transpiration, the two flasks (A) and (B) contain similar leafy branches submerged in water. Flask (A) is in an area of high atmospheric pressure, while flask (B) is in an area of low atmospheric pressure. Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through evaporation. In this experiment, the difference in atmospheric pressure between the two flasks will affect the rate of transpiration. Higher atmospheric pressure in flask (A) will result in less water being lost through transpiration compared to flask (B) with lower atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the water amount in flask (B) will be less than in flask (A) after a few hours of the experiment.

97. Which statements are correct regarding the excretion of CO₂in plant root cells? A. CO₂ remains inside the plant, gets dissolved in the xylem sap, and is then transported towards the apex. B. CO₂ diffuses out through the stomata of the root. C. CO₂is utilized by the root cells in photosynthesis process. D. CO₂ reacts with water forming carbonic acid H₂CO₃ which is ionized into H⁺ and HCO₃^-where the H⁺ is used in soil's cation exchange.

A and C

C and B

B and D

A and D

CO2 remains inside the plant, gets dissolved in the xylem sap, and is then transported towards the apex. This is because CO2 is produced in the root cells through respiration and needs to be transported to the leaves for photosynthesis. CO2 reacts with water forming carbonic acid H2CO3 which is ionized into H+ and HCO3-. The H+ ions are used in the soil's cation exchange, which helps in the absorption of nutrients by the roots.

Explanation

CO2 remains inside the plant, gets dissolved in the xylem sap, and is then transported towards the apex. This is because CO2 is produced in the root cells through respiration and needs to be transported to the leaves for photosynthesis. CO2 reacts with water forming carbonic acid H2CO3 which is ionized into H+ and HCO3-. The H+ ions are used in the soil's cation exchange, which helps in the absorption of nutrients by the roots.

98. What type of pressure is created in leaf cells due to transpiration?

Capillary force

Surface tension

Suction force

Cellular tension

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through small openings called stomata. As water evaporates from the leaf surface, it creates a negative pressure or tension in the leaf cells. This negative pressure is known as suction force, which helps in the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. Therefore, suction force is the type of pressure created in leaf cells due to transpiration.

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which water is lost from the leaves of plants through small openings called stomata. As water evaporates from the leaf surface, it creates a negative pressure or tension in the leaf cells. This negative pressure is known as suction force, which helps in the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. Therefore, suction force is the type of pressure created in leaf cells due to transpiration.

99. How can you differentiate practically between two equal amounts of water, one results from transpiration while the other from guttation?

By using anhydrous copper sulphate

By using eosin pigment

By evaporation

Just by vision

By evaporation, you can differentiate between two equal amounts of water, one resulting from transpiration and the other from guttation. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves, while guttation is the process by which plants release liquid water through specialized structures called hydathodes. When both types of water are exposed to evaporation, the water resulting from guttation will leave behind salts and other impurities, while the water resulting from transpiration will evaporate without leaving any residue.

Explanation

By evaporation, you can differentiate between two equal amounts of water, one resulting from transpiration and the other from guttation. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves, while guttation is the process by which plants release liquid water through specialized structures called hydathodes. When both types of water are exposed to evaporation, the water resulting from guttation will leave behind salts and other impurities, while the water resulting from transpiration will evaporate without leaving any residue.

100. If you want to study the mechanism by which plants undergo transpiration, which of the following would you examine?

Hydathode and the rate of water absorption

Stomata, hydathode, and atmospheric temperature

Stomata and water droplets produced by leaves in the early morning during spring

Stomata, rate of water absorption, and atmospheric temperature

Option 5

To study the mechanism of transpiration in plants, one would need to examine the stomata, rate of water absorption, and atmospheric temperature. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor. The rate of water absorption refers to the uptake of water by the roots and its movement through the plant. Atmospheric temperature plays a crucial role in transpiration as it affects the rate of evaporation of water from the leaves. Therefore, by examining these factors together, one can gain a comprehensive understanding of the transpiration process in plants.

Explanation

To study the mechanism of transpiration in plants, one would need to examine the stomata, rate of water absorption, and atmospheric temperature. Stomata are small openings on the surface of leaves that regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor. The rate of water absorption refers to the uptake of water by the roots and its movement through the plant. Atmospheric temperature plays a crucial role in transpiration as it affects the rate of evaporation of water from the leaves. Therefore, by examining these factors together, one can gain a comprehensive understanding of the transpiration process in plants.

101. Transpiration in plants is closely similar to in humans ----------.

Inhalation

Urination

Exhalation

Sweating

Transpiration in plants is closely similar to sweating in humans. Both processes involve the loss of water from the organism. In plants, transpiration occurs through the stomata on the leaves, where water evaporates and is released into the atmosphere. Similarly, in humans, sweating occurs through the sweat glands in the skin, where water evaporates and helps regulate body temperature. Both transpiration and sweating are important mechanisms for maintaining water balance and temperature regulation in plants and humans, respectively.

Explanation

Transpiration in plants is closely similar to sweating in humans. Both processes involve the loss of water from the organism. In plants, transpiration occurs through the stomata on the leaves, where water evaporates and is released into the atmosphere. Similarly, in humans, sweating occurs through the sweat glands in the skin, where water evaporates and helps regulate body temperature. Both transpiration and sweating are important mechanisms for maintaining water balance and temperature regulation in plants and humans, respectively.

102. Leaves in areas of --------- humidity have a steeper (decline) concentration gradient, so water diffuses out of the leaf ----------.

Low, faster

High, faster

High, slower

Low, slower

Leaves in areas of low humidity have a steeper concentration gradient, meaning there is a greater difference in water concentration between the inside and outside of the leaf. This causes water to diffuse out of the leaf at a faster rate.

Explanation

Leaves in areas of low humidity have a steeper concentration gradient, meaning there is a greater difference in water concentration between the inside and outside of the leaf. This causes water to diffuse out of the leaf at a faster rate.

103. Which of the following plants produces the highest amount of CO₂ in the atmospheric air?

Plants which do not contain chlorophyll

Plants which do not contain mitochondria

Green plants in daylight

Woody plants in daylight

Plants which do not contain chlorophyll produce the highest amount of CO2 in the atmospheric air because chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis, which is the process that converts CO2 into oxygen. Without chlorophyll, these plants are not able to perform photosynthesis and therefore do not consume CO2. As a result, they release more CO2 into the atmosphere compared to other types of plants.

Explanation

Plants which do not contain chlorophyll produce the highest amount of CO2 in the atmospheric air because chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis, which is the process that converts CO2 into oxygen. Without chlorophyll, these plants are not able to perform photosynthesis and therefore do not consume CO2. As a result, they release more CO2 into the atmosphere compared to other types of plants.

104. All of the following statements correctly differentiate between transpiration in plants and sweating in humans except that ----------.

Both processes help eliminate excess water and toxic wastes from the organism's body; while sweating is regulated by sweat glands, transpiration is mainly regulated by stomata. This statement correctly differentiates between transpiration in plants and sweating in humans by explaining their roles in eliminating excess water and toxic wastes. It highlights that sweating is regulated by sweat glands, while transpiration is mainly regulated by stomata. The other statements correctly differentiate between the two processes, making this statement the exception.

Explanation

Both processes help eliminate excess water and toxic wastes from the organism's body; while sweating is regulated by sweat glands, transpiration is mainly regulated by stomata. This statement correctly differentiates between transpiration in plants and sweating in humans by explaining their roles in eliminating excess water and toxic wastes. It highlights that sweating is regulated by sweat glands, while transpiration is mainly regulated by stomata. The other statements correctly differentiate between the two processes, making this statement the exception.

105. Which of the following is not a way plants control water loss?

Plants have guard cells that leave stomata permanently open to regulate transpiration.

Plants will wilt, collapsing their leaves to reduce surface area.

Leaves are covered in a waxy cuticle to prevent excess evaporation of water.

Stomata will close if temperatures are too high.

The correct answer is "Plants have guard cells that leave stomata permanently open to regulate transpiration." This statement is not a way plants control water loss because guard cells actually regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control transpiration. When stomata are open, water is lost through transpiration, so leaving them permanently open would increase water loss rather than control it.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Plants have guard cells that leave stomata permanently open to regulate transpiration." This statement is not a way plants control water loss because guard cells actually regulate the opening and closing of stomata to control transpiration. When stomata are open, water is lost through transpiration, so leaving them permanently open would increase water loss rather than control it.

106. In the light of your study, if the student needs to increase the rate of the upward transport of water through the plant to help it photosynthesise, which of the following actions should he do?

Turn off the fan, remove the plastic bag, and increase the temperature of the hot plate

Turn off the light source, keep the fan and the hot plate turned on, and remove the bell jar

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Explanation

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107. If the rate of photosynthesis increases in a terrestrial plant during midday, which of the following would be a consequence of that change?

The amount of water absorbed from the soil would decrease.

The volume of water excreted by guttation would increase.

The volume of water excreted by guttation would decrease.

The amount of water absorbed from the soil would increase.

During midday, when the rate of photosynthesis increases in a terrestrial plant, it requires more energy for the plant to carry out the process. This increased energy demand leads to an increased uptake of water from the soil through the plant's roots. Therefore, the consequence of the increased rate of photosynthesis would be an increase in the amount of water absorbed from the soil.

Explanation

During midday, when the rate of photosynthesis increases in a terrestrial plant, it requires more energy for the plant to carry out the process. This increased energy demand leads to an increased uptake of water from the soil through the plant's roots. Therefore, the consequence of the increased rate of photosynthesis would be an increase in the amount of water absorbed from the soil.

108. If you know that plants that grow in the shade have thinner leaves, so this leads to an(a) ………..

Increase in the rate of cuticular transpiration

Decrease in the rate of photosynthesis

Decrease in the rate of guttation

Increase in the rate of lenticular transpiration

Plants that grow in the shade have thinner leaves because they receive less sunlight. Thinner leaves have a larger surface area to volume ratio, which increases the rate of cuticular transpiration. Cuticular transpiration is the loss of water through the cuticle, the waxy layer on the surface of leaves. Therefore, the correct answer is that the rate of cuticular transpiration increases in plants that grow in the shade.

Explanation

Plants that grow in the shade have thinner leaves because they receive less sunlight. Thinner leaves have a larger surface area to volume ratio, which increases the rate of cuticular transpiration. Cuticular transpiration is the loss of water through the cuticle, the waxy layer on the surface of leaves. Therefore, the correct answer is that the rate of cuticular transpiration increases in plants that grow in the shade.

109. Transpiration and root pressure cause water to rise in plants by …….

Pushing it upward

Pushing and pulling it respectively

Pulling and pushing it respectively

Pulling it upward

Transpiration is the process by which water is pulled upward in plants from the roots to the leaves. It occurs when water evaporates from the leaves, creating a negative pressure or tension that pulls water up through the xylem. Root pressure, on the other hand, is the pushing force exerted by the roots to move water up the plant. This pressure is generated by the active transport of ions into the root cells, which creates a concentration gradient that drives water uptake. Together, transpiration and root pressure work in tandem to move water upward in plants.

Explanation

Transpiration is the process by which water is pulled upward in plants from the roots to the leaves. It occurs when water evaporates from the leaves, creating a negative pressure or tension that pulls water up through the xylem. Root pressure, on the other hand, is the pushing force exerted by the roots to move water up the plant. This pressure is generated by the active transport of ions into the root cells, which creates a concentration gradient that drives water uptake. Together, transpiration and root pressure work in tandem to move water upward in plants.

110. Guttation is the result of ……..

Root pressure

Osmosis

Transpiration

Diffusion

Guttation is the process by which plants release excess water in the form of droplets from specialized structures called hydathodes. This occurs when root pressure forces water up from the roots and into the xylem vessels of the plant. As water is pushed up through the xylem, it eventually reaches the leaves and exits through the hydathodes, resulting in guttation. Therefore, the correct answer is root pressure.

Explanation

Guttation is the process by which plants release excess water in the form of droplets from specialized structures called hydathodes. This occurs when root pressure forces water up from the roots and into the xylem vessels of the plant. As water is pushed up through the xylem, it eventually reaches the leaves and exits through the hydathodes, resulting in guttation. Therefore, the correct answer is root pressure.

111. What is the primary substance excreted from the plant via guttation?

Nitrogenous waste

Excess salts

Glucose

Xylem sap

Xylem sap is the primary substance excreted from the plant via guttation. Guttation is the process by which plants release excess water and dissolved substances through specialized structures called hydathodes. Xylem sap is the fluid that is transported through the xylem vessels in plants, carrying water, minerals, and other dissolved substances. During guttation, the excess water and dissolved substances, including sugars, hormones, and minerals, are released from the plant through the hydathodes in the form of droplets. Therefore, the correct answer is xylem sap.

Explanation

Xylem sap is the primary substance excreted from the plant via guttation. Guttation is the process by which plants release excess water and dissolved substances through specialized structures called hydathodes. Xylem sap is the fluid that is transported through the xylem vessels in plants, carrying water, minerals, and other dissolved substances. During guttation, the excess water and dissolved substances, including sugars, hormones, and minerals, are released from the plant through the hydathodes in the form of droplets. Therefore, the correct answer is xylem sap.

112. Which of the following represents what does guttation in plants do?

Decreases the amount of carbon dioxide

Shares in the process of photosynthesis

Pulls water and salts inside the xylem vessels

Decreases the amount of organic and inorganic substances

Guttation in plants refers to the process of excreting excess water and dissolved substances from the tips of leaves. This process occurs when the transpiration rate is low and the root pressure is high. By excreting excess substances, guttation helps to regulate the concentration of organic and inorganic substances within the plant. Therefore, the correct answer is "Decreases the amount of organic and inorganic substances."

Explanation

Guttation in plants refers to the process of excreting excess water and dissolved substances from the tips of leaves. This process occurs when the transpiration rate is low and the root pressure is high. By excreting excess substances, guttation helps to regulate the concentration of organic and inorganic substances within the plant. Therefore, the correct answer is "Decreases the amount of organic and inorganic substances."

Chapter 4 Quiz 2 (2nd Secondary Biology)

1. In which of the following plants, there will be no transpiration?

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. Transpiration is very important for plants because it helps in …..

3. Name the specialized pores from where guttation takes place.

4. One of the following statements describes guttation .....

5. Each of the following plants has/have stomata, cuticle and lenticels except .....

6. In the experiment shown in the figure below to demonstrate transpiration, what happens if we set another experiment exactly in the same way except that the pot should be without any plant?

7. From the factors which oppose transpiration in plants ……

8. The following are some features of some plants They lose a lot of water through transpiration Their leaves are always broad and flat They lose very little water through transpiration Their roots grow very deep into the soil Which of the following combinations is typical of desert plants?

9. In the experiment shown below, if you cut a transverse section of the stem with a razor and place it on a slide then study it under the microscope. What is your observation? It is observed that .......

10. Which of the following is an important function of stomata in a leaf?

11. In the graph shown below, at which point the water concentration is greater outside the leaf?

12. Which graph illustrates a factor opposing the increase of transpiration rate?

13. Which of the following is not a reason for why is the rate of transpiration increases by increasing light intensity?

14. The following figure is for an experiment to measure the rate of transpiration in two branches of a certain plant. Which reading of the spring balance is the correct one after three days of the experiment?

15. The following table illustrates some properties of four different plants (A), (B), (C) and (D) having same environmental conditions. Which of these plants loses the highest amount of water?

16. Guttation is mainly due to.....

17. Plant seedlings were put in four tubes; each contains 200 C.C water, for two days under same environmental conditions as shown in figure below. Which seedling its leaves were covered with paraffin wax?

18. Which of the following plants has the highest transpiration rate?

19. Which of the following is a factor that causes the exit of CO2 from stomata of plant leaves?

20. What happens to the process shown in the figure below if the plant is put in a low-pressure area?

21. Which of the following processes involves the excretion of some metabolic waste products in plants?

22. Plants, like most living organisms, respire. Water is a waste product of respiration. How can this water be reused by plants?

23. Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis. How can this oxygen be reused by plants?

24. Plants, like most living organisms, respire. Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration. How can this carbon dioxide be reused by the plant?

25. The rate of transpiration in plants is affected by various environmental factors. In a farming field, which of the following could negatively impact transpiration?

26. The following diagram outlines the basic steps of the upward movement of water through the main parts (root, stem, and leaf) of a very tall conifer tree.Which of the following does label (X) in the diagram refer to?

27. Which of the following is not a limiting factor for transpiration?

28. How is water mainly lost from the leaves of a plant?

29. How does the plant encounter the hot environmental conditions?

30. What is the result of planting Tomato plant in a high moisture soil?

31. What is the factor that causes the exit of CO2 from plant leaves stomata?

32. What is the result of cultivating a plant in a Liming soil?

33. The following diagram represents a T.S in a young dicot leaf. Which structure helps in the ascent of water inside the xylem vessels?

34. Which one of following will not directly affect transpiration?

35. Pure water can be lost from a plant through all of the following structures except ...

36. Which of the following is not a possible way where water can be lost through a plant's leaves?

37. Which of the following tables best differentiates between transpiration and guttation?

38. Which of the following is the similarity between lenticular transpiration and guttation?

39. The figure below illustrates the percentage of water loss through transpiration in a certain plant. Which of the following plant parts is represented by the shaded area?

40. Which of the following is not a function of the structure (3)?

41. Which of the following substances the plant gets rid of it in abundance during day time?

42. Wilting occurs due to excessive .......

43. Which is untrue for excretion process in plants?

44. Which of the following doesn't exit out through stomata?

45. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT for transpiration?

46. Which condition(s) favor "Guttation"?

47. Which of the following is NOT true about catabolic wastes in plants cells?

48. The plant excretes the excess water through …..

49. Water is lost in a liquid state in some plants through hydathodes. These hydathodes .....

50. Which of the following will not directly affect transpiration?

51. Which of the following statements is not related to the physiological phenomenon shown in the figure below?

52. In higher Angiosperm, water is lost from aerial parts of plants mainly through ……

53. Stomata close when guard cells……

54. What happens to the rate of transpiration if wind speed increases?

55. Which of the following statements is/are correct? I. The net gaseous exchange in leaves at night is, oxygen diffuses in and carbon dioxide diffuses out. II. Net gaseous exchange during day time is, oxygen diffuses out and carbon dioxide diffuses in.

56. Plants store excretory waste products.......

57. Which of the following graphs is not correct regarding the rate of transpiration?

58. Transpiration occurs ...

60. Why do plants produce both carbon dioxide and oxygen?

61. In guttation process, plants can ……

62. What are lenticels?

63. Opening and closing of pores is a function performed by.......

64. In the experiment shown below, say what will happen to hydrous copper sulphate if it is added to the water drops.

65. Mangrove trees shown below live in salty water up to 100 times saltier than most other plants can tolerate.Salt water can kill plants. So how do mangroves survive under such dislike conditions?

66. Cooling of plants is caused by …..

67. During the ascent of sap, the water column present inside vessels and tracheids, does not rupture due to .....

68. Both transpiration and guttation are affected by the change of the season. But they differ from each other in the nature and the amount of water loss.

69. The following table illustrates the rate of transpiration for four plants. Which of them describes proper readings for the rate of transpiration under the different environmental conditions shown in the table?

70. The process in the following figure represents ..........

71. Which of the following adaptations might help desert plants to conserve water?

72. Which of the following best explains the relationship between temperature and the rate of transpiration?

73. Which conditions speed up the rate of transpiration?

74. Why does the rate of transpiration increase if the light intensity is increased?

75. Loss of water from the tips of some leaves is known as ....

76. Read the two statements carefully then answer the question. 1. Guttation occurs by a pushing force 2. Transpiration occurs by a pulling force. Which statement(s) is correct and which is incorrect?

77. Which graph represents the proper relationship between the rate of transpiration and one of its internal factors?

78. Which of the following conditions is not necessary for stomata opening?

8. The following are some features of some plants

They lose a lot of water through transpiration

Their leaves are always broad and flat

They lose very little water through transpiration

Their roots grow very deep into the soil

Which of the following combinations is typical of desert plants?

19. Which of the following is a factor that causes the exit of CO₂ from stomata of plant leaves?

31. What is the factor that causes the exit of CO₂ from plant leaves stomata?

103. Which of the following plants produces the highest amount of CO₂ in the atmospheric air?