Plant Form And Function Quiz

The vascular cambium is responsible for producing secondary xylem and phloem in the root. The vascular cambium is a lateral meristem that is located between the primary xylem and phloem. It actively divides and produces new cells, which differentiate into secondary xylem towards the center and secondary phloem towards the outside. This process results in the growth of the root in thickness. The pericycle, endodermis, apical meristem, and ray initial are not directly involved in the production of secondary xylem and phloem in the root.

The bark of a tree is composed of several layers, including secondary phloem, periderm, cork cells, and cork cambium. The secondary phloem is responsible for transporting nutrients and sugars throughout the tree. The periderm is the outer protective layer of the bark, consisting of cork cells that provide insulation and protection against external factors. The cork cambium is a layer of cells that produces new cork cells, allowing the bark to grow and renew itself. Therefore, all of the mentioned options are correct, as they are all components of the bark.

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The ground meristem is responsible for producing the ground tissue system. Ground tissue is a type of plant tissue that makes up the majority of the plant body and performs various functions such as photosynthesis, storage, and support. The ground meristem gives rise to the ground tissue system, which includes tissues like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. These tissues are found in the stems, leaves, and roots of plants and play a crucial role in their overall structure and function.

Monocots typically have fibrous roots rather than a taproot. The fibrous root system consists of multiple thin roots that spread out in all directions, while a taproot system consists of a single, thick main root with smaller lateral roots branching off.

Sieve-tube members are vascular cells with sieve plates in the end walls between cells. Sieve plates are specialized structures that allow for the movement of materials, such as sugars, through the phloem. These cells are responsible for the long-distance transport of organic compounds in plants. The presence of sieve plates in the end walls of these cells enables the efficient flow of nutrients and other substances throughout the plant.

All of the cells mentioned in the options (tracheids, cork cells, vessel elements, and sclerenchyma cells) are dead at functional maturity. Tracheids, vessel elements, and sclerenchyma cells are part of the plant's supporting tissues and provide structural support even after they have died. Cork cells are dead at maturity and form the outer protective layer of the plant. Therefore, all of these cells are dead at functional maturity.

The zone of elongation is responsible for pushing a root through the soil by actively elongating the cells in the root. This zone is located just behind the apical meristem, where cell division occurs. As the cells in the zone of elongation elongate, they push the root tip forward, allowing the root to penetrate the soil. Therefore, the statement "is responsible for pushing a root through the soil" accurately describes the role of the zone of elongation in root growth.

The given answer is correct because wheat is actually an annual plant, not a biennial. Annual plants complete their life cycle within one year, while biennial plants take two years to complete their life cycle. Wheat is typically sown in the fall and harvested the following summer, completing its life cycle within a year. Therefore, it is incorrectly paired with the term "biennial".

The given answer is correct. Procambium is a meristematic tissue that forms the primary vascular tissues, such as xylem and phloem, in plants. It does not form the protective layer of cork, which is formed by the cork cambium.