Hardest Trivia Test On Microbiology! Quiz
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Do you want a career in the medical field as a microbiologist and since you started your classes think that you have gathered a lot of information in this discipline? Let’s us take your memory for a test drive by seeing just how well you can tackle the hardest trivia test on microbiology below and see just how high you score.
- 1.The innate response resists a particular foreign agent; moreover, innate immune responses improve on repeated exposure to the agent.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 2.Blood cell development occurs in the bone marrow of mammals during the process of
- A.
Hemolysis
- B.
Hematopoesis
- C.
Hemostasis
- D.
None of the above
- 3.Substances that are recognized as foreign and provoke immune responses are called
- A.
Antibodies
- B.
Antigens
- C.
Infective agents
- D.
Inducers
- 4.Which of the following is a physical barrier in the nonspecific defense of a mammalian host?
- A.
Inflammation
- B.
Phagocytosis
- C.
Fever
- D.
Mucous membranes
- 5.The lungs are protected from microorganisms by
- A.
the mucociliary blanket.
- B.
lysozyme in mucus.
- C.
Phagocytic action of alveolar macrophages.
- D.
all of the choices
- 6.Tears protect the eyes by
- A.
Flushing and lysozyme.
- B.
Inflammation
- C.
Vasodilation
- D.
Stimulating opsonization.
- E.
flushing and lysozyme and vasodilation
- 7.Under normal circumstances, which of the following is(are) normally sterile environments in mammals?
- A.
Kidneys
- B.
Ureters
- C.
Urinary bladder
- D.
All of these
- 8.Which of the following is used to help protect the lungs from infection?
- A.
Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces.
- B.
The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action.
- C.
Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs.
- D.
all of the choices
- 9.Lysozyme is an enzyme that lyses
- A.
Viruses
- B.
Fungi
- C.
Bacteria
- D.
Parasites
- 10.The skin surface (epidermis) is a very favorable environment for colonization by microorganisms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 11.The lower genitourinary tract is usually free of microorganisms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.Lactobacillus contributes to the antimicrobial defenses for the adult female reproductive tract by making lactic acid to lower the pH.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.Cervical mucus has antibacterial activity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.The shorter urethra in females is one reason why urinary tract infections are more common in females than in males.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 15.The mucociliary blanket is found in the digestive system of mammals.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 16.____________ are a group of cytokines produced by some eukaryotic cells in response to a viral infection.
- 17._____________ is a process by which microorganisms or other particles are coated by serum components, preparing them for recognition and ingestion by phagocytic cells.
- 18.Lectin binds to certain carbohydrates to begin the activation of the classical complement pathway.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 19.The bacteriocins produced by Escherichia coli are called colicins.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.Body temperature is a physiological barrier against certain microorganisms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 21.The alternative complement pathway plays an important role in innate immunity, but it is not an effective defense against intravascular invasion by bacteria and some fungi.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 22.Human fevers are commonly caused by viral or bacterial infections, and in almost every instance fever results from an exogenous pyrogen produced by the microorganism or virus.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 23.
- A.
Lipopolysaccharide
- B.
Peptidoglycan
- C.
Phospholipids of the cytoplasmic membrane.
- D.
Two of the choices
- E.
all of the choices
- 24.A fever augments the host's defenses by
- A.
stimulating leukocytes into action.
- B.
Enhancing microbiostasis.
- C.
Enhancing the activity of the immune system.
- D.
all of these
- 25.Which of the following is considered to be a biological defense mechanism?
- A.
Skin
- B.
Fever
- C.
gastric acid
- D.
Normal microbiota
- 26.Which of the following pathways for complement activation is generally dependent upon the formation of antigen-antibody complexes?
- A.
the classical pathway
- B.
the alternative pathway
- C.
the lectin complement pathway
- D.
all of the choices
- 27.Complement mediated lysis is achieved by
- A.
Entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria.
- B.
entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria.
- C.
Entry of lysozyme into gram-positive bacteria and entry of lysozyme into gram-negative bacteria.
- D.
None of the choices
- 28.Which of the following is not a way in which fever augments the host's defenses?
- A.
Inhibition of the parasite's growth by raising the temperature above the optimum growth temperature
- B.
Inhibition of growth by decreasing the availability of iron to the organism
- C.
stimulation of leukocytes into action so that they can kill the organism
- D.
Enhances the activity of the immune system
- 29.Complement
- A.
Augments opsonization of bacteria by antibodies.
- B.
Results in lysis of Gram-negative bacteria.
- C.
results in lysis of Gram-positive bacteria.
- D.
both augments opsonization of bacteria by antibodies and results in lysis of Gram-negative bacteria
- E.
all of the choices
- 30.Cytokines
- A.
Cause lysis of invading microorganisms.
- B.
play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity.
- C.
are required for regulation of the immune response.
- D.
Play key roles in both specific and non-specific immunity and are required for regulation of the immune response.
- 31.The alternate complement pathway plays an important role in
- A.
Innate immunity.
- B.
aquired immunity.
- C.
Specific immunity.
- D.
Both innate immunity and specific immunity.
- 32.Which of the following is (are) way(s) that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism?
- A.
lysis of antibody coated gram-negative bacteria
- B.
Attract phagocytic cells
- C.
Activation of phagocytic cells
- D.
All of these are ways that the complement system aids in the defensive responses of an organism.
- 33.Macrophage
- A.
Are derived from monocytes.
- B.
Have receptors for compounds released by the immune system that coat microorganisms and enhance phagocytosis.
- C.
Spread throughout the body of animals and take up residence in specific tissues.
- D.
All of the choices
- 34.Dendritic cells
- A.
play an important role in the development of allergies and hypersensitivity.
- B.
Contain granules with histamine and other pharmacologically active substances that contribute to the inflammatory response.
- C.
Are capable of recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in non-specific resistance.
- D.
Are mainly important in the defense against protozoan and helminth parasites.
- 35.Which of the following releases histamine?
- A.
Mast cells
- B.
Basophils
- C.
Plasma cells
- D.
Mast cells and basophils
- E.
none of the choices
- 36.Lymphocytes are comprised of which of the following cell types?
- A.
T cells
- B.
B cells
- C.
Natural killer cells
- D.
all of the choices
- E.
T cells and B cells only
- 37.Macrophages are derived from
- A.
Granulocytes
- B.
Basophils
- C.
Neutrophils
- D.
Monocytes
- 38.Macrophages have surface receptors for all of the following except
- A.
Mannose and fucose.
- B.
Zymosan
- C.
Antibodies
- D.
Peptidoglycan
- E.
Macrophages have receptors for all of the choices.
- 39.Eosinophils defend against protist and helminth parasites by
- A.
phagocytosis.
- B.
Complement activation.
- C.
Antibody production.
- D.
releasing cationic proteins and reactive oxygen metabolites.
- 40.Which of the following remain in the blood circulation rather than taking up residence in other tissues?
- A.
Monocytes
- B.
Macrophages
- C.
Neutrophils
- D.
All of the choices
- 41.Which of the following cell types migrates to the lymphoid tissue after encountering pathogens in the skin or the mucous membranes?
- A.
Mast cells.
- B.
Dendritic cells
- C.
Macrophages
- D.
None of the choices
- 42.A mature activated B cell is called a(n)
- A.
Plasma cell.
- B.
Dendritic cell.
- C.
Natural killer cell.
- D.
Spleen cell.
- 43.Natural killer cells specifically kill which of the following?
- A.
Tumor cells and cells infected by microorganisms
- B.
Gram positive bacteria
- C.
fungi and protozoa
- D.
Foreign transplanted tissue
- 44.The average adult has approximately 100,000 leukocytes per mm3of blood.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 45.T cells undergo maturation in the bone marrow.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 46.Lymphoid tissues are always highly organized cellular complexes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 47.The lymph nodes lie at the junctions of lymphatic vessels where they filter out microbes and antigens from the lymph.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 48.An intraepidermal lymphocyte migrates to a lymph node and matures into a dendritic cell after phagocytosing an antigen.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 49.GALT is an acronym that stands for: Glial Associated Lymphoid Target.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 50.In birds, the __________ of Fabricius is where B cells undergo maturation.
- 51.The ________ is a large organ in the abdominal cavity that specializes in filtering the blood and trapping blood-borne microorganisms and antigens.
- 52.A class of pathogen recognition receptors that function exclusively as signaling receptors are known as the ______________ receptors. (2 words)
- 53.Defensins act against bacteria and fungi by permeabilizing cell membranes.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 54.Reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates produced by phagocytic cells are effective in killing invading microorganisms.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 55.Phagocytosis leads to destruction of engulfed pathogens by which of the following mechanisms?
- A.
lysosomal mediated hydrolysis
- B.
Production of bacteriocins
- C.
complement fixation
- D.
All of the choices
- 56.Opsonizing antibodies must be against __________ components if they are to effectively stimulate phagocytosis.
- A.
Surface
- B.
Internal
- C.
Protein
- D.
Polysaccharide
- 57.During the acute inflammatory response, ____________ binds to receptors on the capillary wall to open junctions between the cells that allow fluid and leukocytes to enter the tissue.
- 58.Inflammation is a nonspecific defensive reaction to a tissue injury.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 59.During chronic inflammation when the macrophages are unable to protect the host from tissue damage, the body attempts to wall off and isolate the site by forming a(n)
- A.
Clot
- B.
Cyst
- C.
Granuloma
- D.
Vesicle
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