Chapter 3 Quiz Cscs

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Growth hormone has several benefits including decreased glucose consumption, decreased glycogen synthesis, increased efficiency of amino acid delivery, increased cartilage growth, and increased fatty acid consumption. It plays a crucial role in promoting growth and development in the body.

Binding proteins carry hormones in the blood to their target cells. These proteins act as carriers, binding to the hormones and transporting them through the bloodstream to specific target cells. Once the binding protein reaches the target cell, it releases the hormone, allowing it to interact with receptors on the cell surface or inside the cell. This ensures that the hormones are delivered to their intended destination and can exert their effects on the target cells.

Cortisol is a hormone that is known to convert amino acids to carbohydrates, a process called gluconeogenesis. This leads to an increase in the level of proteolytic enzymes, which are responsible for breaking down proteins. Therefore, cortisol can enhance the breakdown of proteins by increasing the activity of these enzymes.

HGH injections have been shown to lead to hypertrophy, which refers to an increase in muscle size. This means that when individuals receive HGH injections, their muscles are more likely to grow and become larger in size.

Testosterone is a hormone that interacts directly with the muscle by increasing DNA transcription. This leads to an increase in protein synthesis in the muscle. Testosterone plays a crucial role in muscle growth and development, as it promotes the production of new proteins that are essential for muscle repair and growth. By increasing DNA transcription, testosterone enhances the synthesis of these proteins, resulting in increased muscle mass and strength.

Growth hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary. The anterior pituitary is responsible for producing and releasing several hormones, including growth hormone. This hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development in children, as well as regulating metabolism and body composition in adults. It also promotes the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) in the liver, which further aids in growth and development. Therefore, the correct answer is the anterior pituitary.

When performing contractions at a high percentage of 1RM (repetition maximum), it causes venous pooling of blood. This means that blood accumulates in the veins and does not flow back to the heart efficiently. As a result, hormone concentrations and exposure time increase.

Allosteric binding sites are regions on receptors that can bind to molecules other than hormones, leading to a modulation of the cellular response to the primary hormone. This means that the binding of these additional molecules can either enhance or inhibit the effect of the hormone on the target cell. The presence of allosteric binding sites provides a mechanism for fine-tuning the cellular response to hormonal signals and allows for the integration of multiple signaling pathways.

Catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, are hormones that are released in response to stress or excitement. They have various effects on the body, including increasing heart rate and blood pressure. However, they do not act as diuretics to make you urinate. Diuretics are substances that increase the production of urine by the kidneys. Catecholamines primarily affect the cardiovascular system and do not have a direct impact on urinary function.

Paracrine secretion refers to the release of signaling molecules that act on nearby cells without entering the bloodstream. Unlike endocrine secretion, which involves hormones being released into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells, paracrine secretion directly affects nearby cells. This type of secretion is important for local communication and coordination between cells within a specific tissue or organ. Autocrine secretion, on the other hand, refers to the release of signaling molecules that act on the same cell or cell type that secreted them.

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The adrenal gland consists of two main parts: the medulla and the cortex. The medulla is responsible for producing and releasing adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that play a crucial role in the body's response to stress and emergencies. These hormones are released rapidly, leading to a faster response time compared to the cortex. The cortex, on the other hand, produces hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, which are involved in regulating metabolism, blood pressure, and immune response. While important, the response time of the cortex is generally slower compared to the medulla. Therefore, the medulla has the faster response time in the adrenal gland.

Polypeptide hormones like growth hormone and IGF-I cannot directly enter the nucleus to relay messages to DNA. Instead, they rely on secondary messengers. These secondary messengers are molecules that are produced in response to the binding of the hormone to its receptor on the cell surface. They then transmit the signal from the cell surface to the nucleus, where they activate specific genes and regulate cellular processes. Therefore, secondary messengers play a crucial role in the communication between polypeptide hormones and the nucleus/DNA.

Vasopressin is a major peptide hormone that activates the vasopressin receptor, leading to various physiological responses such as water reabsorption in the kidneys. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that Vasopressin activated is not a major peptide hormone signaling pathway.

For muscle fiber hypertrophy, Type I fibers depend on a decrease in protein degradation, while Type II fibers depend on a dramatic increase in protein synthesis. This means that Type I fibers primarily grow by reducing the breakdown of proteins, while Type II fibers primarily grow by increasing the production of proteins.

Training in the evening can lead to an increased average level of testosterone concentration for the day. This is because testosterone levels tend to be higher in the late afternoon and evening compared to other times of the day. Exercise, especially resistance training, can further stimulate testosterone production, leading to an overall higher concentration throughout the day.

The correct answer is Ovaries and Adrenal Gland. Testosterone is a male sex hormone, but it is also produced in small amounts in females. The ovaries are one of the main sources of testosterone in females. They produce testosterone along with other hormones like estrogen. The adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys, also produce testosterone in females. These glands produce various hormones, including testosterone, which plays a role in female reproductive health and sexual function.

The correct answer is "use loads 85%-95% 1RM". This is because using loads in the range of 85%-95% of 1RM (one rep maximum) is more suitable for strength training rather than for maximizing growth hormone release. Higher rep ranges with lower loads are generally more effective for stimulating growth hormone release.

Testosterone does not signal/stimulate IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor) to be released. IGF is mainly stimulated by factors such as nutritional status, insulin levels, and growth hormone. Testosterone, on the other hand, is a hormone that is primarily involved in the development of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics. While testosterone does have an impact on muscle growth and bone density, it does not directly stimulate the release of IGF.

The magnitude of hormonal response to exercise depends on the amount of tissue stimulated, the amount of tissue remodeling, and the amount of tissue repair required as a result of the stress. When exercise stimulates a larger amount of tissue, it leads to a greater hormonal response. Additionally, the level of tissue remodeling and repair needed after exercise also influences the hormonal response. The length of the training session, however, does not directly affect the magnitude of hormonal response.