Chapter 19 Practice Test

Compared to the South, the North had colder winters, shorter summers. 

The wide, fertile, coastal plains of the North were ideal for growing cash crops. 

Cotton became the South's main crop because of Eli Whitney's cotton gin. 

The Industrial Revolution began with a dramatic shift from wool clothing to cotton clothing.

Few mills and factories were built in the South because southerners put their money into land and slaves. 

Eli Whitney's cotton gin was the invention that brought the Industrial Revolution to northern agriculture? 

By 1850, the cheapest and fastest way to move goods in the the North was by railroad. 

Most goods in the South moved by river. 

The South's polictical leaders were well-educated lawyers. 

The North attracted more immigrants than the South because it offered more jobs in mills and factories. 

Englishwoman Harriet Martineau Visits a Cotton Mill   I visited [in 1834] the corporate factory establishment at Waltham, within a few miles of Boston. The Waltham Mills were at work before those of Lowell were set up. The establishment is for the spinning and weaving of cotton [cloth].... Five hundred persons were employed at the time of my visit. The girls earn two, and sometimes three dollars a week, besides their board. The little children earn one dollar a week. Most of the girls live in the houses porvided by the corporation, which accomodate from six to eight [girls].... The factory people built the church , which stand conspicuous on the green in the midst of the place. The minister's salary (eight hundred dollars last year) is raised by a tax on the pews. The corporation gave them a building for a lyceum, which they have furnished with a good library, and where they have lectures every winter - the best that money can procure. The girls have, in many instances, private libraries of some mreit and value.... The people work about seventy hours per week, on the average. The time of work varies with the length of the days, the wages continuing the same. All look like well-dressed young ladies. The health is good; or rather, (as this is too much to be said about health anywhere in the United States) it is no worse than it is elsewhere.  -Harriet Martineau, Society in America (1837)