Chapter 19 Practice Test

1. Compared to the South, the North had colder winters, shorter summers.

True

False

The statement is true because it states that the North had colder winters and shorter summers compared to the South. This implies that the climate in the North was generally colder and had a shorter warm season compared to the South.

Explanation

The statement is true because it states that the North had colder winters and shorter summers compared to the South. This implies that the climate in the North was generally colder and had a shorter warm season compared to the South.

2. Most goods in the South moved by river.

True

False

The statement implies that a significant portion of goods in the South were transported using rivers. This is likely due to the presence of major rivers in the region, such as the Mississippi River, which provided an efficient and cost-effective means of transportation during the time period in question. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement is true.

Explanation

The statement implies that a significant portion of goods in the South were transported using rivers. This is likely due to the presence of major rivers in the region, such as the Mississippi River, which provided an efficient and cost-effective means of transportation during the time period in question. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement is true.

3. Few mills and factories were built in the South because southerners put their money into land and slaves.

True

False

The statement is true because during the time period being referred to, many southerners invested their money in acquiring land and slaves for agricultural purposes, rather than in building mills and factories. This was due to the heavy reliance on agriculture, particularly the plantation system, in the South, which required a large labor force and vast amounts of land. Consequently, the industrial development in the South lagged behind that of the North, where factories and mills were more prevalent.

Explanation

The statement is true because during the time period being referred to, many southerners invested their money in acquiring land and slaves for agricultural purposes, rather than in building mills and factories. This was due to the heavy reliance on agriculture, particularly the plantation system, in the South, which required a large labor force and vast amounts of land. Consequently, the industrial development in the South lagged behind that of the North, where factories and mills were more prevalent.

4. By 1850, the cheapest and fastest way to move goods in the the North was by railroad.

True

False

During the 19th century, the railroad system in the North was well-developed and efficient, making it the most affordable and quickest means of transporting goods. Railroads offered a reliable and extensive network that connected various regions, allowing for the easy movement of goods across long distances. This transportation method played a crucial role in the industrialization and economic growth of the North during this period. Therefore, the statement that the cheapest and fastest way to move goods in the North by 1850 was by railroad is true.

Explanation

During the 19th century, the railroad system in the North was well-developed and efficient, making it the most affordable and quickest means of transporting goods. Railroads offered a reliable and extensive network that connected various regions, allowing for the easy movement of goods across long distances. This transportation method played a crucial role in the industrialization and economic growth of the North during this period. Therefore, the statement that the cheapest and fastest way to move goods in the North by 1850 was by railroad is true.

5. The North attracted more immigrants than the South because it offered more jobs in mills and factories.

True

False

The North attracted more immigrants than the South because it offered more job opportunities in mills and factories. This is because the North was undergoing rapid industrialization during the 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the establishment of numerous manufacturing industries. These industries required a large workforce, which attracted immigrants seeking employment and better economic opportunities. On the other hand, the South relied heavily on agriculture, particularly plantation farming, which did not provide as many job prospects as the industrial sector in the North.

Explanation

The North attracted more immigrants than the South because it offered more job opportunities in mills and factories. This is because the North was undergoing rapid industrialization during the 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the establishment of numerous manufacturing industries. These industries required a large workforce, which attracted immigrants seeking employment and better economic opportunities. On the other hand, the South relied heavily on agriculture, particularly plantation farming, which did not provide as many job prospects as the industrial sector in the North.

6. Cotton became the South's main crop because of Eli Whitney's cotton gin.

True

False

The statement is true because Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin in the late 18th century revolutionized cotton production in the South. The cotton gin made it much easier and faster to separate the cotton fibers from the seeds, increasing the efficiency of cotton processing. This led to a significant increase in cotton production and made it a profitable crop for Southern farmers. The cotton gin's impact on the cotton industry solidified cotton as the main crop in the South during that time period.

Explanation

The statement is true because Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin in the late 18th century revolutionized cotton production in the South. The cotton gin made it much easier and faster to separate the cotton fibers from the seeds, increasing the efficiency of cotton processing. This led to a significant increase in cotton production and made it a profitable crop for Southern farmers. The cotton gin's impact on the cotton industry solidified cotton as the main crop in the South during that time period.

7. The South's polictical leaders were well-educated lawyers.

True

False

They were wealthy planters. Remember the plantations?

Explanation

They were wealthy planters. Remember the plantations?

8. The wide, fertile, coastal plains of the North were ideal for growing cash crops.

True

False

The South had the cash crops... cotton was lucrative.

Explanation

The South had the cash crops... cotton was lucrative.

9. The Industrial Revolution began with a dramatic shift from wool clothing to cotton clothing.

True

False

Remember that the Industrial Revolution saw in shift in handmade to machine-made goods.

Explanation

Remember that the Industrial Revolution saw in shift in handmade to machine-made goods.

10. Eli Whitney's cotton gin was the invention that brought the Industrial Revolution to northern agriculture?

True

False

It was Cyrus McCormick's reaper. The cotton gin was brought to the South.

Explanation

It was Cyrus McCormick's reaper. The cotton gin was brought to the South.

11. Englishwoman Harriet Martineau Visits a Cotton Mill I visited [in 1834] the corporate factory establishment at Waltham, within a few miles of Boston. The Waltham Mills were at work before those of Lowell were set up. The establishment is for the spinning and weaving of cotton [cloth].... Five hundred persons were employed at the time of my visit. The girls earn two, and sometimes three dollars a week, besides their board. The little children earn one dollar a week. Most of the girls live in the houses porvided by the corporation, which accomodate from six to eight [girls].... The factory people built the church , which stand conspicuous on the green in the midst of the place. The minister's salary (eight hundred dollars last year) is raised by a tax on the pews. The corporation gave them a building for a lyceum, which they have furnished with a good library, and where they have lectures every winter - the best that money can procure. The girls have, in many instances, private libraries of some mreit and value.... The people work about seventy hours per week, on the average. The time of work varies with the length of the days, the wages continuing the same. All look like well-dressed young ladies. The health is good; or rather, (as this is too much to be said about health anywhere in the United States) it is no worse than it is elsewhere. -Harriet Martineau, Society in America (1837)

The author wrote this passage to describe an American Cotton Mill.

The word board in this passage means a long, flat strip of wood.

Information in this passage suggest that most Americans did NOT enjoy very good health in 1834.

"Waltham Mill employed 500 workers" is a fact.

The passage is written by Harriet Martineau to describe an American Cotton Mill, specifically the Waltham Mills near Boston. The author mentions that 500 workers were employed at the mill during her visit. Additionally, the passage suggests that most Americans did not enjoy very good health in 1834. This can be inferred from the author's remark that the health at the mill is "no worse than it is elsewhere" in the United States.

Explanation

The passage is written by Harriet Martineau to describe an American Cotton Mill, specifically the Waltham Mills near Boston. The author mentions that 500 workers were employed at the mill during her visit. Additionally, the passage suggests that most Americans did not enjoy very good health in 1834. This can be inferred from the author's remark that the health at the mill is "no worse than it is elsewhere" in the United States.

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