Chapter 19: Civil Rights Movement

The statement suggests that the recent decisions made by the supreme court regarding the rights of homosexuals have been divided and inconsistent. This implies that there have been differing opinions and judgments on this matter, indicating a lack of uniformity in the court's rulings. Therefore, the answer "True" is appropriate as it aligns with the information provided.

De jure segregation refers to segregation that is enforced and maintained by law. This means that it is a legally mandated form of segregation, where specific laws and policies are put in place to separate individuals based on their race or other characteristics. This is in contrast to de facto segregation, which refers to segregation that occurs without explicit legal requirements but is still prevalent in society. Therefore, the statement that de jure segregation refers to segregation maintained by law is correct.

In Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court did indeed overturn the separate-but-equal doctrine. This landmark case, decided in 1954, declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. The Court ruled that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal, violating the rights of African American students. This decision marked a significant turning point in the civil rights movement and set the stage for further desegregation efforts in the United States.

Martin Luther King Jr. is associated primarily with the principle of nonviolence in achieving civil rights gains. He was a prominent leader of the American Civil Rights Movement and advocated for peaceful protests and demonstrations to bring about social change. King's philosophy of nonviolent resistance was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and played a crucial role in the success of the civil rights movement, particularly in the fight against racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. His leadership and commitment to nonviolence made him a symbol of hope and a key figure in the advancement of civil rights.

The correct answer is "fourteenth." The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, aimed to guarantee equal rights for blacks and protect their civil rights. It granted citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves, and prohibited states from denying any person within their jurisdiction equal protection under the law. This amendment was a significant step towards ensuring equal rights and equal treatment for African Americans in the United States.

Plessy v. Ferguson was a landmark Supreme Court case in 1896 that established the "separate but equal" doctrine. The court ruled that segregated public facilities, such as schools and transportation, did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment as long as they were equal in quality. This decision effectively legalized racial segregation and discrimination for several decades until it was overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.

The correct answer is de jure v. de facto. This refers to two different types of segregation. De jure segregation is segregation that is enforced by law or official action, while de facto segregation is segregation that occurs naturally or as a result of social and economic factors. In this context, the answer indicates that the segregation resulting from official action is different from the segregation resulting from existing residential patterns.

Plessy v. Ferguson is the correct answer because it was the Supreme Court decision that upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal." In this case, the Court ruled that racial segregation was constitutional as long as the separate facilities were equal in quality. This decision had a significant impact on racial segregation in the United States, as it allowed for the establishment of Jim Crow laws and the continued discrimination against African Americans for several decades.

The correct answer is that the Supreme Court ruled that racially separate schools were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional. This ruling in the Brown v. Board of Education case was significant because it declared that segregation in schools based on race was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision marked a major turning point in the civil rights movement and paved the way for desegregation efforts in schools across the United States.

The argument used by many critics of abortion to support their position is that the fetus is entitled to equal protection of the laws. This means that they believe the fetus should have the same legal rights and protections as any other person. They argue that since the fetus is a living being, it should be afforded the same rights to life and protection that are granted to individuals outside of the womb. This argument is often used to assert that abortion is a violation of the fetus's rights and should therefore be prohibited.

When a law classifies people based on their race or ethnicity, it must be subjected to strict scrutiny. This means that the law will be closely examined and analyzed to determine if it is constitutional. Strict scrutiny is a legal standard used by courts to assess the constitutionality of laws that potentially infringe on fundamental rights or discriminate against certain groups. It requires the government to show a compelling state interest and that the law is narrowly tailored to achieve that interest. Therefore, strict scrutiny is the appropriate standard to apply in cases where race or ethnicity is a factor in the law.

The assassination of President Kennedy helped break the deadlock in the civil rights movement during the early 1960s because it led to a surge of public support for civil rights legislation. President Kennedy had been a strong advocate for civil rights, and his death created a sense of urgency among lawmakers to pass meaningful legislation in his memory. This resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which were major victories for the civil rights movement and helped to address racial inequality in the United States.

not-available-via-ai

not-available-via-ai

The Hyde Amendment is the correct answer because it is a federal law that restricts the use of federal funds to pay for abortions, except in cases of rape, incest, or if the life of the mother is at risk. It was first enacted in 1976 and has been renewed annually since then. The intent of the Hyde Amendment is to prevent taxpayer dollars from being used to fund abortions, reflecting a pro-life stance on the issue.

Before the landmark Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade in 1973, the decision regarding a woman's right to abortion was left up to individual states. This means that each state had the authority to regulate or prohibit abortion as they saw fit. It was only after the Roe v. Wade decision that the Court recognized a constitutional right to abortion, based on the right to privacy protected by the 14th Amendment. Therefore, the correct statement is that until 1973, the decision about abortion was made by the states.

The correct answer is "to be subjected to especially close scrutiny." This means that any law that classifies people based on their race or ethnicity will face careful examination and evaluation by the courts. The Supreme Court has determined that such laws should be closely scrutinized to ensure that they do not violate constitutional rights or principles of equality.