A Unique Quiz On : Heart

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  • 1/48 Questions

    This layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump.

    • Epicardium
    • Myocardium
    • Pericardium
    • Endocardium
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About This Quiz

Welcome to a unique quiz about the most important organ in your body and ours – the heart! Often talked about as the instrument of love within each of us, the heart is actually what controls the flow of blood from one location to the next in your body. What do you know about it?

A Unique Quiz On : Heart - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    This sling-like structure supports the heart

    • Pericardium

    • Chordae tendinae

    • Myocardium

    • Endocardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Pericardium
    Explanation
    The pericardium is a sling-like structure that surrounds and supports the heart. It is a double-layered sac made up of a tough outer layer called the fibrous pericardium and a delicate inner layer called the serous pericardium. The pericardium helps to protect the heart from external trauma and infection, and it also anchors the heart in place within the chest cavity. Additionally, it contains a small amount of fluid that lubricates the heart's movements, reducing friction as it beats.

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  • 3. 

    This is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium.

    • Right atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • Left atrium

    • Left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Left ventricle
    Explanation
    The left ventricle is the correct answer because it is the hardest working cardiac chamber. It pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, which requires more forceful contractions and a thicker myocardium. The left ventricle has a thicker myocardium compared to the other chambers to accommodate this increased workload.

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  • 4. 

    The right ventricle pumps to the

    • Right atrium

    • Left veins

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary artery
    Explanation
    The right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where oxygen is added and carbon dioxide is removed. From the lungs, oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. The left atrium then pumps the blood to the left ventricle, which in turn pumps it out to the rest of the body through the aorta.

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  • 5. 

    Vessel(s) that carry(ies) blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium

    • Aorta

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Pulmonary veins

    • Vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary veins
    Explanation
    The pulmonary veins are the vessels that carry blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium. After the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it is collected by the pulmonary veins and transported back to the heart. From the left atrium, the blood is then pumped into the left ventricle and subsequently to the rest of the body. The pulmonary veins play a crucial role in returning oxygenated blood to the heart and facilitating the circulation of oxygen throughout the body.

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  • 6. 

    The aorta receives blood from the

    • Right ventricle

    • Pulmonary veins

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Left ventricle
    Explanation
    The aorta receives blood from the left ventricle. The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. Once the blood is pumped out of the left ventricle, it enters the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood is distributed to all the organs and tissues, providing them with the necessary oxygen and nutrients for proper functioning.

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  • 7. 

    Blood flows from the right atrium through this atriovascular valve to the right ventricle

    • Bicuspid

    • Mitral

    • Pulmonic

    • Tricuspid

    Correct Answer
    A. Tricuspid
    Explanation
    The correct answer is tricuspid because the tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. It allows blood to flow from the atrium into the ventricle while preventing backflow. The bicuspid (also known as mitral) valve is found on the left side of the heart, not the right. The pulmonic valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, while the tricuspid valve is between the atrium and ventricle.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following structures "sees" unoxygenated blood?

    • Aorta

    • Left ventricle

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Pulmonary veins

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary artery
    Explanation
    The pulmonary artery is the structure that "sees" unoxygenated blood. It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, while the left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the aorta. Therefore, the correct answer is the pulmonary artery.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following "sees" oxygenated blood?

    • Vena cava

    • Pulmonary veins

    • Right atrium

    • Pukmonic valve

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary veins
    Explanation
    The pulmonary veins "see" oxygenated blood. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it is returned to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins. From there, it is pumped out to the rest of the body to supply oxygen to the tissues and organs.

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  • 10. 

    Chordae tendineae are not associated with this valve

    • Aortic

    • Mitral

    • Tricuspid

    • Bicuspid

    Correct Answer
    A. Aortic
    Explanation
    Chordae tendineae are fibrous cords that attach to the valves of the heart, specifically the mitral and tricuspid valves. They help to anchor the valves and prevent them from prolapsing or leaking. The aortic valve, on the other hand, does not have chordae tendineae associated with it. Instead, it has three semilunar cusps that open and close to regulate blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. Therefore, the correct answer is aortic.

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  • 11. 

    With which of the following is "lubb-dupp" associated?

    • Myocardial contraction

    • Ventricle depolarization

    • Closing of heart valves

    • Diffusion of O2 from the lungs to the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Closing of heart valves
    Explanation
    The term "lubb-dupp" is a representation of the sound that is heard during the cardiac cycle. The first sound, "lubb," is associated with the closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves, specifically the mitral and tricuspid valves. This sound occurs when the ventricles contract and the pressure inside the ventricles increases, causing the AV valves to close. The second sound, "dupp," is associated with the closing of the semilunar valves, specifically the aortic and pulmonary valves. This sound occurs when the ventricles relax and the pressure inside the ventricles decreases, causing the semilunar valves to close. Therefore, the correct answer is "closing of heart valves."

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

    • Coronary arteries

    • Pulmonary arteries

    • Pulmonary veins

    • Cardiac veins

    Correct Answer
    A. Coronary arteries
    Explanation
    The coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. These arteries branch off from the aorta and wrap around the heart, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscle tissue. Without the coronary arteries, the heart would not receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients to function properly, leading to heart muscle damage or even a heart attack.

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  • 13. 

    Where does the cardiac action potential (cardiac impulse) normally originate?

    • AV node

    • Purkinje fibers

    • Ectopic focus

    • SA node

    Correct Answer
    A. SA node
    Explanation
    The SA node, or sinoatrial node, is the natural pacemaker of the heart and is responsible for initiating the cardiac action potential. It is located in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava. The SA node generates electrical impulses that spread throughout the atria, causing them to contract and pump blood into the ventricles. From the SA node, the electrical signal travels to the AV node, then to the bundle of His, and finally to the Purkinje fibers, which distribute the impulse to the ventricles, resulting in their contraction.

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  • 14. 

    The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the

    • Right atrium

    • Right ventricle

    • Left atrium

    • Left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Right atrium
    Explanation
    The pacemaker of the heart, known as the sinoatrial (SA) node, is responsible for initiating the electrical signals that regulate the heart's rhythm. It is located in the upper wall of the right atrium. From the SA node, the electrical signals spread throughout the atria and then to the ventricles, causing them to contract and pump blood. Therefore, the correct answer is right atrium.

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  • 15. 

    Referring to the ECG, the P wave represents

    • Atrial contraction

    • Ventricular relaxation

    • Atrial depolarization

    • Atrial repolarization

    Correct Answer
    A. Atrial depolarization
    Explanation
    The correct answer is atrial depolarization. In an electrocardiogram (ECG), the P wave represents the depolarization of the atria, which is the electrical stimulation that causes the atria to contract. This wave indicates the initiation of the cardiac cycle and is followed by the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization. Therefore, the P wave specifically represents the electrical activity in the atria, not the ventricles.

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  • 16. 

    Referring the the ECG, the QRS complex represents

    • Ventricular contraction

    • Ventricular repolarization

    • Ventricular relaxation

    • Ventricular depolarization

    Correct Answer
    A. Ventricular depolarization
    Explanation
    The correct answer is ventricular depolarization. The QRS complex on an ECG represents the electrical activity that occurs during the depolarization of the ventricles. This depolarization leads to the contraction of the ventricles, which is responsible for pumping blood out of the heart and into the rest of the body. Therefore, the QRS complex is a crucial component in assessing the electrical and mechanical function of the heart.

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  • 17. 

    This structure connects the cusps of the AV valves to the ventricles

    • Purkinje fibers

    • AV node

    • Bundle of His

    • Chordae tendinae

    Correct Answer
    A. Chordae tendinae
    Explanation
    The correct answer is chordae tendinae. Chordae tendinae are fibrous cords that connect the cusps of the atrioventricular (AV) valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) to the papillary muscles in the ventricles. These tendons help to anchor the AV valves and prevent them from prolapsing into the atria when the ventricles contract. They play a crucial role in maintaining proper valve function and preventing backflow of blood between the chambers of the heart.

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  • 18. 

    These conducting fibers rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles

    • Bundle of His

    • Purkinje fibers

    • SA node

    • AV node

    Correct Answer
    A. Purkinje fibers
    Explanation
    The Purkinje fibers are specialized conducting fibers located in the ventricles of the heart. They are responsible for rapidly spreading the electrical signal generated by the SA node throughout the ventricles, ensuring coordinated and efficient contractions. These fibers have a unique ability to transmit electrical impulses quickly, allowing for the synchronized contraction of the ventricles and efficient pumping of blood.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is least related to the mitral valve?

    • Left heart

    • Biscupid

    • Semilunar

    • Chordae tendineae

    Correct Answer
    A. Semilunar
    Explanation
    Semilunar valves are located in the arteries leaving the heart, while the mitral valve is found in the left side of the heart between the left atrium and left ventricle. The mitral valve is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during ventricular contraction. On the other hand, semilunar valves, such as the aortic and pulmonary valves, are responsible for preventing the backflow of blood from the arteries back into the ventricles. Therefore, semilunar valves are least related to the mitral valve among the given options.

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  • 20. 

    All of the following are electrical terms except

    • Sarcomere

    • Depolarization

    • Action potential

    • Repolarization

    Correct Answer
    A. Sarcomere
    Explanation
    The term "sarcomere" is not an electrical term. It refers to the basic structural unit of a muscle fiber. On the other hand, "depolarization," "action potential," and "repolarization" are all electrical terms that describe different phases of the electrical activity in cells, particularly in nerve cells and muscle cells.

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  • 21. 

    Which of the following must precede ventricular contraction?

    • Ventricular relaxation

    • "lubb-dupp"

    • Ventricular depolarization

    • Closing of the AV valves

    Correct Answer
    A. Ventricular depolarization
    Explanation
    Ventricular depolarization must precede ventricular contraction because it is the electrical activation of the ventricles, which triggers the contraction of the ventricular muscle fibers. This depolarization is responsible for the initiation of the cardiac action potential, leading to the contraction of the ventricles and the subsequent pumping of blood out of the heart. Therefore, without ventricular depolarization, there would be no signal for the ventricles to contract and no blood would be pumped out of the heart.

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  • 22. 

    Complete the sequence: blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery to the

    • Pulmonary veins

    • Coronary arteries

    • Pulmonary capillaries

    • Vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Pulmonary capillaries
    Explanation
    The sequence provided represents the flow of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. After flowing from the right atrium to the right ventricle, the blood is then pumped into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs. In the lungs, the blood is oxygenated and carbon dioxide is removed through the process of respiration. This exchange of gases occurs in the pulmonary capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels surrounding the alveoli in the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is pulmonary capillaries.

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  • 23. 

    What event causes the pulmonic valve to open?

    • The P wave

    • An increase in the pressure within the right ventricle

    • "lubb-dupp"

    • Contraction of the chordae tendieae

    Correct Answer
    A. An increase in the pressure within the right ventricle
    Explanation
    The pulmonic valve is responsible for regulating blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. When there is an increase in pressure within the right ventricle, it causes the pulmonic valve to open. This allows the blood to be pumped out of the right ventricle and into the pulmonary artery, which then carries the blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Therefore, an increase in pressure within the right ventricle is the event that causes the pulmonic valve to open.

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  • 24. 

    Which layer of the heart has actin, myosin, and intercalated discs?

    • Myocardium

    • Endocardium

    • Epicardium

    • Pericardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Myocardium
    Explanation
    The correct answer is myocardium. The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart that is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle. It contains specialized cardiac muscle cells that contain actin and myosin, which are proteins involved in muscle contraction. Intercalated discs are also found in the myocardium, which allow for communication and coordination between the cardiac muscle cells. The endocardium is the innermost layer of the heart, the epicardium is the outermost layer, and the pericardium is the protective sac that surrounds the heart.

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  • 25. 

    The pericardium is part of the

    • Myocardium

    • Diaphragm

    • Epicardium

    • Endocardium

    Correct Answer
    A. Epicardium
    Explanation
    The pericardium is a protective sac that surrounds the heart. It is composed of two layers: the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium. The serous pericardium is further divided into two layers, the parietal layer and the visceral layer, also known as the epicardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart and is responsible for protecting the heart and providing a smooth surface for the heart to beat against. Therefore, the correct answer is epicardium.

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  • 26. 

    The mitral and the bicuspid valves

    • Are semilunar valves

    • Are both located o the right side of the heart

    • "see" only unoxygenated blood

    • Are the same valves

    Correct Answer
    A. Are the same valves
  • 27. 

    The pulmonic and aortic valves

    • Are atrioventricular valves

    • "see" only oxygenated blood

    • Are attached to the ventricular walls by chordae tendinae

    • Are semilunar valves

    Correct Answer
    A. Are semilunar valves
    Explanation
    The given answer states that the pulmonic and aortic valves are semilunar valves. Semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and the major arteries leaving the heart. They consist of three cusps or leaflets that open and close to regulate blood flow. These valves prevent the backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles. Therefore, the explanation suggests that the pulmonic and aortic valves are semilunar valves, which is the correct answer.

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  • 28. 

    Complete the sequence: blood flows from the pulmonary capillaries to the pulmonary veins to the left atrium to the left ventricle to the

    • Vena cava

    • Pulmonary artery

    • Aorta

    • Circle of Willis

    Correct Answer
    A. Aorta
    Explanation
    The correct answer is aorta. This is because the sequence provided is describing the flow of blood through the circulatory system, specifically the pathway of oxygenated blood. After flowing from the left ventricle, the blood enters the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood is distributed to the rest of the body, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and organs. Therefore, the aorta is the next logical step in the sequence.

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  • 29. 

    The atrioventricular node (AV node)

    • Is the pacemaker of the heart

    • Is located in the upper part of the right atrium

    • Has a rate that is normally faster than the SA node

    • Delays the electrical signal coming from the atria into the ventricles

    Correct Answer
    A. Delays the electrical signal coming from the atria into the ventricles
    Explanation
    The AV node is responsible for delaying the electrical signal coming from the atria into the ventricles. This delay allows the atria to fully contract and empty their blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract. This ensures efficient blood flow and prevents the ventricles from contracting prematurely. The AV node acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the timing of the electrical signals and coordinating the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

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  • 30. 

    The purpose of this structure is to momentarily delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles

    • SA node

    • Purkinje fibers

    • Bundle of His

    • AV node

    Correct Answer
    A. AV node
    Explanation
    The AV node is responsible for momentarily delaying the spread of the electrical signal from the atrium to the ventricles. This delay allows the atria to contract and empty their blood into the ventricles before the ventricles contract. This delay is important for efficient pumping of blood and ensures that the atria and ventricles are working in a coordinated manner. The AV node acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the timing of the electrical signal and ensuring proper heart function.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following is an electrical event?

    • "lubb-dupp"

    • Actin and myosin interaction

    • Murmur

    • Depolarization

    Correct Answer
    A. Depolarization
    Explanation
    Depolarization is an electrical event that occurs in the cells of the heart and nerves. It refers to the change in electrical charge across the cell membrane, leading to the generation of an action potential. This electrical event is crucial for the transmission of signals and coordination of various physiological processes in the body. "lubb-dupp" refers to the sounds produced by the closing of the heart valves and is not directly related to an electrical event. Actin and myosin interaction is a mechanical event involved in muscle contraction. A murmur is an abnormal sound heard during the heartbeat and is not an electrical event.

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  • 32. 

    Which of the following is a result of ventricular contraction?

    • The AV valves open

    • The semilunar valves close

    • Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta

    • Blood flows back into the atria

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta
    Explanation
    During ventricular contraction, also known as systole, the heart muscles contract, causing the pressure inside the ventricles to increase. This increased pressure forces the AV valves to close, preventing the backflow of blood into the atria. At the same time, the increased pressure also opens the semilunar valves, allowing blood to be pumped out of the ventricles and into the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Therefore, the correct answer is "Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta."

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  • 33. 

    Under what condition is blood most likely to flow "backward" (e.g., from the left ventricle back into the left atrium)?

    • Pulmonary artery hypertension

    • Left ventricular hypertrophy

    • An insufficient mitral valve

    • Pulmonary edema

    Correct Answer
    A. An insufficient mitral valve
    Explanation
    When the mitral valve is insufficient, it means that it is not able to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the left ventricle back into the left atrium. This can occur due to various reasons such as damage to the valve, infection, or congenital defects. When the mitral valve is insufficient, it leads to a condition known as mitral regurgitation, where blood leaks back into the left atrium instead of flowing forward into the aorta. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in the lungs.

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  • 34. 

    What are ventricles "doing" during atrial contraction?

    • Pumping blood into great vessels

    • Closing their AV valves

    • Relaxing

    • Opening their semilunar valves

    Correct Answer
    A. Relaxing
    Explanation
    During atrial contraction, the ventricles are relaxing. This is because the atria contract to push blood into the ventricles, and during this time, the ventricles are in a relaxed state, allowing them to receive the blood from the atria. Once the ventricles are filled with blood, they will contract to pump the blood into the great vessels, but during atrial contraction, their main function is to relax and receive the blood.

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  • 35. 

    The Purkinje Fibers

    • Open valves

    • Pull on cusps of the valves

    • Conduct electrical signals throughout the ventricles

    • Close valves

    Correct Answer
    A. Conduct electrical signals throughout the ventricles
    Explanation
    The Purkinje fibers are specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical signals throughout the ventricles of the heart. These fibers play a crucial role in coordinating the contraction of the ventricles, ensuring that blood is efficiently pumped out of the heart. They do not open or close valves, but rather help in the synchronization of the heart's electrical activity, allowing for proper pumping and circulation of blood.

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  • 36. 

    Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?

    • Right ventricle

    • Left atrium

    • Left ventricle

    • Right atrium

    Correct Answer
    A. Right atrium
    Explanation
    The right atrium is the correct answer because it is the first cavity to receive unoxygenated blood from the vena cava. The vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. The blood enters the right atrium and then flows into the right ventricle, where it is pumped to the lungs to receive oxygen.

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  • 37. 

    What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts?

    • Mitral valve

    • Pulmonic valve

    • Semilunar valve

    • Tricuspid valve

    Correct Answer
    A. Tricuspid valve
    Explanation
    The tricuspid valve is the correct answer because it is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart. It prevents the backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts by closing its three leaflets. This ensures that blood flows in one direction, from the right atrium to the right ventricle, and then to the pulmonary artery.

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  • 38. 

    What is the case of the heart sounds "lubb-dupp"?

    • Closing of the heart valves

    • Flow of blood through the coronary arteries

    • The electrical signal as it moves through the AV node

    • The firing of the autotomic nerves to the SA node

    Correct Answer
    A. Closing of the heart valves
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "closing of the heart valves". The heart sounds "lubb-dupp" are produced by the closing of the heart valves. The first sound "lubb" is caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole. The second sound "dupp" is caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of ventricular systole. These sounds can be heard with a stethoscope and are important indicators of the normal functioning of the heart.

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  • 39. 

    Which of the following is not true of the heart?

    • The heart is located within the medistinum

    • The apex is located left of the sternal midline at the level of the fifth intercostal space.

    • The base of the heart is located at the level of the second rib

    • The pericardium is composed of actin and myosin

    Correct Answer
    A. The pericardium is composed of actin and myosin
  • 40. 

    Which of the following is least descriptive of the myocardium?

    • Cardiac muscle, composed of actin and myosin arranged in sarcomeres

    • Thicker in the ventricles than the atria

    • Thicker in the left ventricle than the right ventricle

    • Thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle
    Explanation
    The myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart that contracts to pump blood. It is composed of cardiac muscle, which is made up of actin and myosin arranged in sarcomeres. This description accurately reflects the composition of the myocardium. The other options discuss the thickness of the myocardium in different chambers of the heart. The correct answer states that the myocardium is thicker in the left atrium than the right ventricle, which is not accurate. The myocardium is actually thicker in the ventricles than the atria, and specifically thicker in the left ventricle compared to the right ventricle.

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  • 41. 

    Which of the following is a function of a valve?

    • Regulates the direction of the flow of blood through the heart

    • Regulates the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin

    • Regulates heart rate

    • Directs the movement of the cardiac impulse

    Correct Answer
    A. Regulates the direction of the flow of blood through the heart
    Explanation
    A valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow of a fluid, in this case, blood, through a specific pathway. It opens and closes to allow or prevent the flow of blood in a particular direction. By regulating the direction of blood flow through the heart, the valve ensures that blood moves efficiently and effectively throughout the cardiovascular system, preventing backflow and maintaining proper circulation.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the following is true of the structures of the electrical conduction system?

    • The AV valve is the pacemaker

    • In normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node

    • The His-Purkinje system spreads the electrical system from the right atrium to the left atrium

    • The purpose of the AV node is to increase the speed at which the cardiac impulse moves from the atria to the ventricles

    Correct Answer
    A. In normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node
    Explanation
    In normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node. The SA node, also known as the sinoatrial node, is a cluster of cells located in the right atrium of the heart. It is often referred to as the natural pacemaker of the heart because it initiates the electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm. These impulses then travel through the atria, causing them to contract and pump blood into the ventricles. From there, the electrical signal is conducted to the AV node, which acts as a gatekeeper, controlling the timing of the impulses as they pass from the atria to the ventricles. Therefore, the statement that in normal sinus rhythm, the electrical signal arises within the SA node is correct.

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  • 43. 

    Which of the following is least true of the aortic valve?

    • It is also called the left semilunar valve

    • It "sees" oxygenated blood

    • Blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery

    • An incompetent aortic valve allows blood to leak from the aorta back into the left ventricle

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood flows from the ventricle through this valve into the pulmonary artery
    Explanation
    The aortic valve does not allow blood to flow into the pulmonary artery. Instead, it allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta, which is the main artery of the body.

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  • 44. 

    An accumulation of excess fluid in the pericardial space

    • Causes external compression of the heart

    • Depresses the SA node, thereby eliminating pacemaker activity

    • Causes valvular stenosis

    • Causes a left-to-right shunt

    Correct Answer
    A. Causes external compression of the heart
    Explanation
    Excess fluid in the pericardial space can lead to external compression of the heart. This compression can impede the normal functioning of the heart by restricting its ability to expand and contract properly. This can result in decreased cardiac output and potentially lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and decreased exercise tolerance. Therefore, the presence of excess fluid in the pericardial space causing external compression of the heart is a plausible explanation for the given answer.

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  • 45. 

    A hole in the interventricular septum causes

    • A right-to-left shunt

    • Extreme cyanosis

    • Blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle

    • Blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the pulmonary artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Blood to shunt from the left ventricle to the right ventricle
    Explanation
    A hole in the interventricular septum allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle. This results in a right-to-left shunt, where oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart mixes with deoxygenated blood from the right side. As a result, the mixed blood is pumped out to the body, leading to extreme cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) due to inadequate oxygenation.

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  • 46. 

    Which group is incorrect?

    • Semilunar valves: pulmoni, aortic

    • Atrioventricular valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral

    • Structures that carry oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta

    • Structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins

    Correct Answer
    A. Structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins
  • 47. 

    Which group is incorrect?

    • Semilunar valves: pulmoni, aortic

    • Structures that carry oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta

    • Layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

    • Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm

    Correct Answer
    A. Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm
    Explanation
    The group "abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, normal sinus rhythm" is incorrect because tachycardia and bradycardia are abnormal heart rates, while normal sinus rhythm represents a normal heart rate.

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  • 48. 

    Which group is incorrect?

    • Atrioventricular valves: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral

    • Layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

    • Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia

    • Parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata

    Correct Answer
    A. Parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata
    Explanation
    The group that is incorrect is "parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata." This is because the medulla oblongata is not a part of the conduction system of the heart. The medulla oblongata is a part of the brainstem that controls various involuntary functions, including the regulation of heart rate, but it is not directly involved in the conduction of electrical impulses within the heart.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): May 20, 2024 +

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  • Current Version
  • May 20, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Jun 01, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Nenegto04

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