Ch. 31 Fundamentals Of Nursing

1.

Airborne precautions applied to illnesses that may transfer the pathogen in droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns. Examples of these illnesses are:

A.

Measels (rubeola), varicella, and Tb
B.

Diptheria, mycoplasma pneumonia, pertusis, mumps, scarlet fever
C.

C. difficile, escherichia coli 0157:H7, Hep A, VRE

Correct Answer
A. Measels (rubeola), varicella, and Tb

Explanation
Airborne precautions are necessary for illnesses that can spread through small droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air for long periods of time. Measles (rubeola), varicella (chickenpox), and tuberculosis (TB) are all examples of diseases that can be transmitted through airborne droplets. These droplets, which are smaller than 5 microns, can be inhaled by others and lead to infection. Therefore, it is important to take airborne precautions, such as wearing a mask, when dealing with individuals infected with these diseases to prevent their spread.

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2.

A person is most infectious during this stage, which can last several hours to days

A.

Convalescent period
B.

Incubation stage
C.

Prodromal stage
D.

Full stage of recovery

Correct Answer
C. Prodromal stage

Explanation
A) this is the last stage of infection when recovery from the infection occurs
B) this is the first stage of infection. interval between the invasion of the body by the pathogen and the appearance of symptoms or infectino
C) incorrect
D) This is not one of the stages, full stage of illness is however, which is the presence of specific signs and symptoms

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3.

A fly, or any other crawling or flying organism, could be an example of:

A.

Direct transmission
B.

Vehicle-borne transmission
C.

Vector-borne transmission
D.

Airborne transmission

Correct Answer
C. Vector-borne transmission

Explanation
A) direct transmission involves touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse
B) this is any substance, not animal or insect, that acts to transport pathogens
C) correct
D) this is transmitted via droplet nuclei

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4.

The transfer of a pathogen via blood is known as:

A.

Direct transmission
B.

Vehicle-borne transmission
C.

Vector-borne transmission
D.

Airborne transmission

Correct Answer
B. Vehicle-borne transmission

Explanation
A) this only includes direct transfer of pathogens via touching, biting, kissing, or sexual intercourse

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5.

This is an infection that is acquired from within the person

A.

Exogenous infection
B.

Endogenous infection
C.

Iatrogenic infection
D.

Nosocomial infection

Correct Answer
B. Endogenous infection

Explanation
The term "endogenous infection" refers to an infection that originates from within the person's own body. It occurs when the body's normal flora or microorganisms that are normally present in certain areas of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract or respiratory system, cause an infection due to a weakened immune system or disruption of the body's natural defense mechanisms. This can happen, for example, when a person undergoes surgery and bacteria from their own body enter the bloodstream, causing an infection. Therefore, the given correct answer, "endogenous infection," accurately describes an infection that is acquired from within the person.

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6.

How often should linens be changed to insure good hygiene.

A.

Every day
B.

Every two days
C.

Every three days
D.

Every 12 hours

Correct Answer
B. Every two days

Explanation
Linens should be changed every two days to ensure good hygiene. This frequency allows for regular cleaning and removal of any dirt, bacteria, or allergens that may accumulate on the linens. Changing linens every two days also helps to prevent the buildup of body oils, sweat, and dead skin cells, which can contribute to unpleasant odors and potential health issues. Regular changing of linens promotes a clean and healthy sleeping environment.

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7.

Which of the following are purposes of bathing?

A.

Acts as a skin conditioner
B.

Creates a nurse-patient bond
C.

Stimulates the rate and depth of respirations
D.

Serves as a musculoskeletal exercise
E.

Regulates heart rate

Correct Answer(s)
A. Acts as a skin conditioner
B. Creates a nurse-patient bond
C. Stimulates the rate and depth of respirations
D. Serves as a musculoskeletal exercise

Explanation
Bathing serves multiple purposes, including acting as a skin conditioner. When bathing, water and soap help to remove dirt, sweat, and dead skin cells, leaving the skin clean and refreshed. Additionally, bathing creates a nurse-patient bond as it involves physical contact and personal care, which can help build trust and rapport between the nurse and patient. Bathing also stimulates the rate and depth of respirations, as the warm water and steam can help open up the airways and promote deeper breathing. Lastly, bathing serves as a musculoskeletal exercise as it requires movement and coordination, helping to maintain muscle strength and flexibility.

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8.

Which areas are included in a partial bath?

A.

Face and axillae
B.

Feet and chest
C.

Back and hands
D.

Legs and arms
E.

Perineal area

Correct Answer(s)
A. Face and axillae
C. Back and hands
E. Perineal area

Explanation
A partial bath includes washing specific areas of the body rather than the entire body. In this case, the correct answer includes the face and axillae (armpits), back and hands, and the perineal area. These are areas that may require more frequent cleaning or attention due to sweat, dirt, or other factors. The feet and chest, as well as the legs and arms, are not included in a partial bath.

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