Nursing Hardest Questions Trivia Quiz! Practice Test

1. The comment made by a parent of a 1-month-old that would alert the nurse about the presence of a congenital heart defect is:

“He is always hungry.”

“He tires out during feedings"

“He is fussy for several hours every day.”

“He sleeps all the time.”

Fatigue during feeding or activity is common to most infants with congenital cardiac problems.

Explanation

Fatigue during feeding or activity is common to most infants with congenital cardiac problems.

2. When a father asks why his child with tetralogy of Fallot seems to favor a squatting position, the nurse would explain that squatting:

Increases the return of venous blood back to the heart

Decreases arterial blood flow away from the heart.

Is a common resting position when a child is tachycardic

Increases the workload of the heart.

Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart. When a child with tetralogy of Fallot squats, it helps to increase systemic vascular resistance and decrease the right-to-left shunting of blood. This position improves blood flow to the lungs and increases oxygenation. Squatting is a compensatory mechanism that the child instinctively adopts to relieve symptoms such as cyanosis and dyspnea. By increasing venous return, squatting helps to optimize cardiac output and improve overall cardiovascular function.

Explanation

Squatting increases the return of venous blood back to the heart. When a child with tetralogy of Fallot squats, it helps to increase systemic vascular resistance and decrease the right-to-left shunting of blood. This position improves blood flow to the lungs and increases oxygenation. Squatting is a compensatory mechanism that the child instinctively adopts to relieve symptoms such as cyanosis and dyspnea. By increasing venous return, squatting helps to optimize cardiac output and improve overall cardiovascular function.

3. The nurse explained how to position an infant with tetralogy of Fallot if the infant suddenly becomes cyanotic. The nurse can determine the father understood the instructions when he states "If the baby turns blue, I will:

Hold him against my shoulder with his knees bent up toward his chest.”

Lay him down on a firm surface with his head lower than the rest of his body.”

Immediately put the baby upright in an infant seat.”

Put the baby in supine position with his head elevated.”

In the event of a paroxysmal hypercyanotic or “tet” spell, the infant should be placed in a knee-chest position.

Explanation

In the event of a paroxysmal hypercyanotic or “tet” spell, the infant should be placed in a knee-chest position.

4. The assessment that would lead the nurse to suspect that a newborn infant has a ventricular septal defect is:

A loud, harsh murmur with a systolic tremor.

Cyanosis when crying.

Blood pressure higher in the arms than in the legs.

A machinery-like murmur

A loud, harsh murmur with a systolic tremor is indicative of a ventricular septal defect in a newborn infant. This type of murmur is caused by blood flowing through the abnormal opening between the ventricles, resulting in turbulent blood flow and vibrations that can be felt as a tremor. This assessment finding suggests that there is a hole in the wall separating the ventricles, allowing blood to mix between the two chambers.

Explanation

A loud, harsh murmur with a systolic tremor is indicative of a ventricular septal defect in a newborn infant. This type of murmur is caused by blood flowing through the abnormal opening between the ventricles, resulting in turbulent blood flow and vibrations that can be felt as a tremor. This assessment finding suggests that there is a hole in the wall separating the ventricles, allowing blood to mix between the two chambers.

5. A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever. The nurse knows that the areas of the heart affected by carditis are the:

Coronary arteries

Heart muscle and the mitral valve.

Aortic and pulmonic valves.

Contractility of the ventricles

Carditis refers to inflammation of the heart muscle and can also affect the valves. Rheumatic fever, which is caused by an untreated streptococcal infection, can lead to carditis. The inflammation can damage the heart muscle and the mitral valve, resulting in symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart murmurs. The other options, such as coronary arteries, aortic and pulmonic valves, and contractility of the ventricles, are not directly related to carditis.

Explanation

Carditis refers to inflammation of the heart muscle and can also affect the valves. Rheumatic fever, which is caused by an untreated streptococcal infection, can lead to carditis. The inflammation can damage the heart muscle and the mitral valve, resulting in symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart murmurs. The other options, such as coronary arteries, aortic and pulmonic valves, and contractility of the ventricles, are not directly related to carditis.

6. The nurse explains that a ventricular septal defect will allow:

Blood to shunt left to right, causing increased pulmonary flow and no cyanosis

Blood to shunt right to left, causing decreased pulmonary flow and cyanosis

No shunting because of high pressure in the left ventricle.

Increased pressure in the left atrium, impeding circulation of oxygenated blood inthe circulating volume

A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This defect allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, causing a left-to-right shunt. As a result, oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart mixes with deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart, increasing the pulmonary flow. However, since the blood is still oxygenated, there is no cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen).

Explanation

A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the wall (septum) between the two lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart. This defect allows blood to flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, causing a left-to-right shunt. As a result, oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart mixes with deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart, increasing the pulmonary flow. However, since the blood is still oxygenated, there is no cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen).

7. Which observation indicates that an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is carefully following the prescribed medical regimen?

The child takes antibiotics daily

The child exhibits normal weight for age

The child has an elevated RBC

The child’s pulse rate is less than 50 beats/min

The observation that the child exhibits normal weight for age indicates that the infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is carefully following the prescribed medical regimen. This is because CHF can cause fluid retention and weight gain, so if the child's weight is within the normal range for their age, it suggests that the prescribed treatment, which likely includes diuretics to reduce fluid retention, is effective in managing the condition.

Explanation

The observation that the child exhibits normal weight for age indicates that the infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) is carefully following the prescribed medical regimen. This is because CHF can cause fluid retention and weight gain, so if the child's weight is within the normal range for their age, it suggests that the prescribed treatment, which likely includes diuretics to reduce fluid retention, is effective in managing the condition.

8. The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. The child's parent asks the nurse, "How does Kawasaki disease affect my child's heart and blood vessels?" The nurse's response is based on the understanding that:

Inflammation weakens blood vessels, leading to aneurysm

Increased lipid levels lead to the development of atherosclerosis

Untreated disease causes mitral valve stenosis.

Altered blood flow increases cardiac workload with resulting heart failure.

Inflammation of vessels weakens the walls of the vessels and often results in aneurysm.

Explanation

Inflammation of vessels weakens the walls of the vessels and often results in aneurysm.

9. When the child with rheumatic fever begins involuntary, purposeless movements of her limbs, the nurse recognizes that this is an indication of:

Secure activity

Hypoxia

Sydenham's chorea

Decreasing level of consciousness

As the effects of rheumatic fever affect the central nervous system, the child may develop
Sydenham’s chorea manifested by involuntary, purposeless movements of the limbs.

Explanation

As the effects of rheumatic fever affect the central nervous system, the child may develop
Sydenham’s chorea manifested by involuntary, purposeless movements of the limbs.

10. The finding the nurse would expect when measuring blood pressure on all four extremities of a child with coarctation of the aorta is blood pressure that is:

Higher on the right side.

Higher on the left side.

Lower in the arms than in the legs

Lower in the legs than in the arms

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is narrowed. This narrowing restricts blood flow to the lower part of the body. When measuring blood pressure on all four extremities, the nurse would expect to find lower blood pressure in the legs compared to the arms. This is because the narrowed aorta creates resistance to blood flow, resulting in decreased pressure in the lower extremities.

Explanation

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect where the aorta is narrowed. This narrowing restricts blood flow to the lower part of the body. When measuring blood pressure on all four extremities, the nurse would expect to find lower blood pressure in the legs compared to the arms. This is because the narrowed aorta creates resistance to blood flow, resulting in decreased pressure in the lower extremities.

11. The parent of a 1-year-old child with tetralogy of Fallot asks the nurse, "Why do my child's fingertips look like that?" The nurse bases a response on the understanding that clubbing occurs as a result of:

Untreated congestive heart failure.

A left-to-right shunting of blood.

Decreased cardiac output.

Chronic hypoxia.

Clubbing of the fingers develops in response to chronic hypoxia.

Explanation

Clubbing of the fingers develops in response to chronic hypoxia.

12. An appropriate nursing action related to the administration of digoxin (Lanoxin) to an infant would be

Counting the apical rate for 30 seconds before administering the medication

Withholding a dose if the apical heart rate is less than 100 beats/min

Repeating a dose if the child vomits within 30 minutes of the previous dose.

Checking respiratory rate and blood pressure before each dose

If the apical heart rate of an infant is less than 100 beats/min, it may indicate that the infant is experiencing bradycardia, which is a potential side effect of digoxin. In this situation, withholding a dose of digoxin is an appropriate nursing action to prevent further complications. Digoxin is a medication that is used to treat certain heart conditions, but it can also cause adverse effects such as bradycardia. Monitoring the heart rate before administering the medication helps ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

Explanation

If the apical heart rate of an infant is less than 100 beats/min, it may indicate that the infant is experiencing bradycardia, which is a potential side effect of digoxin. In this situation, withholding a dose of digoxin is an appropriate nursing action to prevent further complications. Digoxin is a medication that is used to treat certain heart conditions, but it can also cause adverse effects such as bradycardia. Monitoring the heart rate before administering the medication helps ensure the safety and effectiveness of the treatment.

13. A child has an elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer. Which combination of symptoms, in conjunction with this finding, would confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?

Subcutaneous nodules and fever

Painful, tender joints and carditis

Erythema marginatum and arthralgia

Chorea and elevated sedimentation rate

The presence of two major Jones’ criteria would indicate a high probability of rheumatic
fever.

Explanation

The presence of two major Jones’ criteria would indicate a high probability of rheumatic
fever.

14. What assessment(s) in a child with tetralogy of Fallot would indicate the child is experiencing a paroxysmal hypercyanotic episode? Select all that apply.

Spontaneous cyanosis

Dyspnea

Weakness

Dry cough

Syncope

Indicators of a paroxysmal hypercyanotic episode or a “tet” episode are spontaneous
cyanosis, dyspnea, weakness, and syncope.

Explanation

Indicators of a paroxysmal hypercyanotic episode or a “tet” episode are spontaneous
cyanosis, dyspnea, weakness, and syncope.

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15. The nurse clarifies to the parents of a 4-year-old child recovering from rheumatic fever that the child will need to receive monthly injections of penicillin G for a minimum of _____ year(s).

1

2

5

10

Children who recover from rheumatic fever should have a chemoprophylaxis protocol of
penicillin G injections (about 200,000 units per dose) for a minimum of 5 years or up to the
age of 18 to prevent further bouts of rheumatic fever.

Explanation

Children who recover from rheumatic fever should have a chemoprophylaxis protocol of
penicillin G injections (about 200,000 units per dose) for a minimum of 5 years or up to the
age of 18 to prevent further bouts of rheumatic fever.

16. The nurse is caring for a child receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) for the diagnosis of heart failure. Which manifestation does the nurse recognize as a cardinal sin of digoxin toxicity?

Respiratory distress

Extreme bradycardia

Constipation

Headache

Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure. It works by increasing the force of the heart's contractions, which helps to improve the heart's ability to pump blood. However, one of the potential side effects of digoxin is toxicity, which can occur if the medication builds up in the body to unsafe levels. Extreme bradycardia, or an abnormally slow heart rate, is a cardinal sign of digoxin toxicity. This is because digoxin affects the electrical conduction system of the heart, slowing down the heart rate. Other manifestations of digoxin toxicity may include nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and confusion.

Explanation

Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure. It works by increasing the force of the heart's contractions, which helps to improve the heart's ability to pump blood. However, one of the potential side effects of digoxin is toxicity, which can occur if the medication builds up in the body to unsafe levels. Extreme bradycardia, or an abnormally slow heart rate, is a cardinal sign of digoxin toxicity. This is because digoxin affects the electrical conduction system of the heart, slowing down the heart rate. Other manifestations of digoxin toxicity may include nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and confusion.

17. An infant is experiencing dyspnea related to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The nurse understands dyspnea occurs because blood is:

Circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion

Shunted past the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary hypoxia.

Shunted past cardiac arteries, causing myocardial hypoxia

Circulated through the ductus from the pulmonary artery to the aorta, bypassing theleft side of the heart.

In a normal heart, the ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth, allowing blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation. However, in the case of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the ductus remains open, causing blood to circulate back through the lungs again. This leads to an increased volume of blood in the pulmonary circulation, causing congestion and resulting in dyspnea (difficulty breathing). Therefore, the correct answer is that dyspnea occurs because blood is circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion.

Explanation

In a normal heart, the ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth, allowing blood to flow from the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation. However, in the case of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the ductus remains open, causing blood to circulate back through the lungs again. This leads to an increased volume of blood in the pulmonary circulation, causing congestion and resulting in dyspnea (difficulty breathing). Therefore, the correct answer is that dyspnea occurs because blood is circulated through the lungs again, causing pulmonary circulatory congestion.

18. The nurse is aware that the characteristics of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are that they:

Have high amounts of triglycerides.

Have only small amounts of protein.

Have little cholesterol.

Aid in steroid production.

HDLs have low amounts of triglycerides, large amounts of proteins, low amount of cholesterol,
and are excreted via the liver. They have no role in the production of steroids.

Explanation

HDLs have low amounts of triglycerides, large amounts of proteins, low amount of cholesterol,
and are excreted via the liver. They have no role in the production of steroids.

19. Which disorder causes deoxygenated blood to enter the systemic arterial circulation?

Patent ductus arteriosus

Tetralogy of Fallot

Coarctation of the aorta

Atrial stenosis

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that consists of four abnormalities, including a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. One of the main characteristics of this disorder is the presence of a ventricular septal defect, which allows deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to mix with oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, resulting in deoxygenated blood entering the systemic arterial circulation. This leads to the characteristic cyanosis seen in individuals with Tetralogy of Fallot.

Explanation

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that consists of four abnormalities, including a ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. One of the main characteristics of this disorder is the presence of a ventricular septal defect, which allows deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to mix with oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, resulting in deoxygenated blood entering the systemic arterial circulation. This leads to the characteristic cyanosis seen in individuals with Tetralogy of Fallot.

20. What are the priority nursing actions when administering Diuril (chlorothiazide) to a child diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Intake and output and periods of rest

Measure pulse for 1 minute and review ECG

Monitor serum electrolytes and daily weight

Hold dose if patient vomits and until doctors write order to repeat dose

When administering Diuril to a child diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF), it is important for the nurse to monitor serum electrolytes and daily weight. Diuril is a diuretic medication that helps to remove excess fluid from the body, which is crucial in managing CHF. Monitoring serum electrolytes helps to ensure that the medication is not causing any imbalances in the child's electrolyte levels. Daily weight monitoring is important to assess for any fluid retention or weight gain, which may indicate worsening CHF. Intake and output and periods of rest are important considerations, but they are not the priority nursing actions in this situation. Measuring pulse and reviewing ECG are important assessments, but they are not specific to administering Diuril. Holding the dose if the patient vomits and waiting for a doctor's order to repeat the dose is not necessary unless there are specific contraindications or concerns.

Explanation

When administering Diuril to a child diagnosed with congestive heart failure (CHF), it is important for the nurse to monitor serum electrolytes and daily weight. Diuril is a diuretic medication that helps to remove excess fluid from the body, which is crucial in managing CHF. Monitoring serum electrolytes helps to ensure that the medication is not causing any imbalances in the child's electrolyte levels. Daily weight monitoring is important to assess for any fluid retention or weight gain, which may indicate worsening CHF. Intake and output and periods of rest are important considerations, but they are not the priority nursing actions in this situation. Measuring pulse and reviewing ECG are important assessments, but they are not specific to administering Diuril. Holding the dose if the patient vomits and waiting for a doctor's order to repeat the dose is not necessary unless there are specific contraindications or concerns.

21. An infant with congestive heart failure is receiving digoxin (Lanoxin). The nurse recognizes a sign of digoxin toxicity, which is:

Restlessness

Decreased respiratory rate

Increased urinary output

Vomiting

Symptoms of digoxin toxicity include: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, irregularity in pulse rate
and rhythm, and a sudden change in pulse.

Explanation

Symptoms of digoxin toxicity include: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, irregularity in pulse rate
and rhythm, and a sudden change in pulse.

22. The school nurse recommends a heart healthy diet that limits fats to no more than ____% of the total dietary intake.

10

15

20

30

The correct answer is 30%. A heart healthy diet should limit the intake of fats to no more than 30% of the total dietary intake. This is because high fat intake can lead to an increased risk of heart disease and other health problems. By limiting fats to 30% or less, individuals can maintain a healthier heart and overall well-being.

Explanation

The correct answer is 30%. A heart healthy diet should limit the intake of fats to no more than 30% of the total dietary intake. This is because high fat intake can lead to an increased risk of heart disease and other health problems. By limiting fats to 30% or less, individuals can maintain a healthier heart and overall well-being.

23. How would the nurse caring for an infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) modify feeding techniques to adapt for the child's weakness and fatigue? Select all that apply.

Feeding more frequently with smaller feedings

Using a soft nipple with enlarged holes

Holding and cuddling the child during feeding

Substituting glucose water for formula

Offering high-caloric formula

Infants with CHF fatigue easily. Feeding can be given more frequently in smaller amounts
through a soft large-holed nipple. Formulas with a denser caloric content can be offered. The
child may be encouraged to nurse if he or she is held.

Explanation

Infants with CHF fatigue easily. Feeding can be given more frequently in smaller amounts
through a soft large-holed nipple. Formulas with a denser caloric content can be offered. The
child may be encouraged to nurse if he or she is held.

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24. Which diagnostic test is a standardized test for rheumatic fever?

Sedimentation rate

WBC count

Antistreptolysin O titer

Rubella titer

An elevated antistreptolysin O titer (ASO) is a standardized diagnostic test for
rheumatic fever

Explanation

An elevated antistreptolysin O titer (ASO) is a standardized diagnostic test for
rheumatic fever

25. The nurse explains that which congenital cardiac defect(s) cause(s) increased pulmonary blood flow? Select all that apply.

Atrial septal defects (ASDs)

Tetralogy of Fallot

Dextroposition of aorta

Patent ductus arteriosus

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

The congenital heart defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow are ASDs, VSDs,
and patent ductus arteriosus.

Explanation

The congenital heart defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow are ASDs, VSDs,
and patent ductus arteriosus.

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26. The nurse is aware that the infant born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome must acquire his or her oxygenated blood through:

The patent ductus arteriosus.

A ventricular septal defect.

The closure of the foramen ovale.

An atrial septal defect.

The correct answer is an atrial septal defect. In infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the left side of the heart is underdeveloped, making it unable to pump oxygenated blood effectively. In order to compensate for this, the infant relies on an atrial septal defect, which is an abnormal opening between the atria of the heart. This allows oxygenated blood from the right atrium to mix with deoxygenated blood in the left atrium, providing the body with some oxygenated blood. The other options mentioned, such as the patent ductus arteriosus or ventricular septal defect, do not play a role in the circulation of oxygenated blood in this condition.

Explanation

The correct answer is an atrial septal defect. In infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the left side of the heart is underdeveloped, making it unable to pump oxygenated blood effectively. In order to compensate for this, the infant relies on an atrial septal defect, which is an abnormal opening between the atria of the heart. This allows oxygenated blood from the right atrium to mix with deoxygenated blood in the left atrium, providing the body with some oxygenated blood. The other options mentioned, such as the patent ductus arteriosus or ventricular septal defect, do not play a role in the circulation of oxygenated blood in this condition.

27. Which signs indicate congenital cardiac problems?

Greater than normal weight gain

Clubbing of fingers

Bradycardia

Tachypnea

Pulsations in neck veins

Dyspnea

Congenital cardiac problems can cause various signs and symptoms. Clubbing of fingers is one such sign, where the fingers appear rounded and the nails become curved. Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, can also be an indication of congenital cardiac problems. Pulsations in neck veins can occur when there is increased pressure in the heart, which can be a result of congenital cardiac issues. Dyspnea, or difficulty in breathing, can also be a symptom of congenital cardiac problems.

Explanation

Congenital cardiac problems can cause various signs and symptoms. Clubbing of fingers is one such sign, where the fingers appear rounded and the nails become curved. Tachypnea, or rapid breathing, can also be an indication of congenital cardiac problems. Pulsations in neck veins can occur when there is increased pressure in the heart, which can be a result of congenital cardiac issues. Dyspnea, or difficulty in breathing, can also be a symptom of congenital cardiac problems.

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28. Which defects are associated with tetralogy of Fallot?

Atrial septal defect

Ventricular septal defect

Dextroposition of the arts

Pulmonary artery stenosis

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Patent ductus arteriosus

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that consists of four specific abnormalities: ventricular septal defect (VSD), dextroposition of the aorta, pulmonary artery stenosis, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. These defects result in a combination of cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) and decreased oxygen levels in the blood. The VSD allows blood to flow between the left and right ventricles, causing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Dextroposition of the aorta refers to the aorta being shifted to the right, rather than located over the left ventricle. Pulmonary artery stenosis refers to a narrowing of the pulmonary artery, which restricts blood flow to the lungs. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is an enlargement of the right ventricle due to increased workload.

Explanation

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that consists of four specific abnormalities: ventricular septal defect (VSD), dextroposition of the aorta, pulmonary artery stenosis, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. These defects result in a combination of cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin) and decreased oxygen levels in the blood. The VSD allows blood to flow between the left and right ventricles, causing mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Dextroposition of the aorta refers to the aorta being shifted to the right, rather than located over the left ventricle. Pulmonary artery stenosis refers to a narrowing of the pulmonary artery, which restricts blood flow to the lungs. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is an enlargement of the right ventricle due to increased workload.

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29. Which symptoms are indicative of rheumatic fever (RF)?

Abdominal pain

Migratory polyartgritis

Peeling skin

Chorea

Vomiting

The symptoms of abdominal pain, migratory polyarthritis, and chorea are indicative of rheumatic fever (RF). Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after an infection with streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat. Abdominal pain may occur due to inflammation of the abdominal organs, migratory polyarthritis refers to the joint pain that moves from one joint to another, and chorea is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary jerky movements. These symptoms, along with a history of recent streptococcal infection, help in diagnosing rheumatic fever.

Explanation

The symptoms of abdominal pain, migratory polyarthritis, and chorea are indicative of rheumatic fever (RF). Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after an infection with streptococcus bacteria, such as strep throat. Abdominal pain may occur due to inflammation of the abdominal organs, migratory polyarthritis refers to the joint pain that moves from one joint to another, and chorea is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary jerky movements. These symptoms, along with a history of recent streptococcal infection, help in diagnosing rheumatic fever.

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30. The nurse uses a diagram to illustrate what four structural heart anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot? Select the four that apply.

Hypertrophied right ventricle

Patent ductus arteriosus

Ventral septal defect

Narrowing of pulmonary artery

Dextroposition of aorta

The four anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot are hypertrophied right ventricle, patent
ductus arteriosus, stenosis of pulmonary artery, and dextroposition of the aorta.

Explanation

The four anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot are hypertrophied right ventricle, patent
ductus arteriosus, stenosis of pulmonary artery, and dextroposition of the aorta.

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