Trivia Quiz: Certified Federal Contract Manager! Certification Exam

1. The least preferred method of submitting ideas/concepts to the Government is:

In response to Broad Agency Announcements

Through participation in Small Business Innovation Research Programs

In response to Program Research and Development Announcements

Unsolicited proposals

Unsolicited proposals are the least preferred method of submitting ideas/concepts to the Government. This is because they are not in response to any specific announcement or program, and therefore may not align with the government's current priorities or needs. In contrast, responding to Broad Agency Announcements, participating in Small Business Innovation Research Programs, and responding to Program Research and Development Announcements indicate a more targeted and focused approach, which is preferred by the Government.

Explanation

Unsolicited proposals are the least preferred method of submitting ideas/concepts to the Government. This is because they are not in response to any specific announcement or program, and therefore may not align with the government's current priorities or needs. In contrast, responding to Broad Agency Announcements, participating in Small Business Innovation Research Programs, and responding to Program Research and Development Announcements indicate a more targeted and focused approach, which is preferred by the Government.

2. Acquisition planning should begin:

When a purchase request is received

When a Statement of Work is received

As soon as the agency need is identified

Within 30 days of receipt of the purchase request

The correct answer is "As soon as the agency need is identified." Acquisition planning should begin as soon as the agency need is identified because this allows for sufficient time to develop a comprehensive plan for acquiring the necessary goods or services. By starting the planning process early, the agency can gather all the necessary information, assess potential risks, and develop a strategy to meet the identified need in the most efficient and effective manner. Waiting until a purchase request or Statement of Work is received may result in delays and a rushed planning process, which can lead to poor decision-making and potential problems during the acquisition process.

Explanation

The correct answer is "As soon as the agency need is identified." Acquisition planning should begin as soon as the agency need is identified because this allows for sufficient time to develop a comprehensive plan for acquiring the necessary goods or services. By starting the planning process early, the agency can gather all the necessary information, assess potential risks, and develop a strategy to meet the identified need in the most efficient and effective manner. Waiting until a purchase request or Statement of Work is received may result in delays and a rushed planning process, which can lead to poor decision-making and potential problems during the acquisition process.

3. Communication with an offeror for the sole purpose of eliminating minor irregularities, informalities, or apparent clerical mistakes in the proposal is called:

Verification

Clarification

Discussion

Remuneration

Clarification is the correct answer because it refers to the communication with an offeror for the purpose of resolving minor irregularities, informalities, or clerical mistakes in a proposal. This process allows the offeror to clarify any uncertainties or provide additional information, without altering the substance of their proposal. It is important to note that clarification does not involve negotiations or changes to the proposal's terms or conditions.

Explanation

Clarification is the correct answer because it refers to the communication with an offeror for the purpose of resolving minor irregularities, informalities, or clerical mistakes in a proposal. This process allows the offeror to clarify any uncertainties or provide additional information, without altering the substance of their proposal. It is important to note that clarification does not involve negotiations or changes to the proposal's terms or conditions.

4. Consolidating two or more requirements for supplies or services,previously provided or performed under separate smaller contracts, into a solicitation for a single contract is defined as:

Combining

Consolidating

Bundling

Mixing

Bundling is the process of combining two or more requirements for supplies or services that were previously provided or performed under separate smaller contracts into a single solicitation for a contract. This allows for a more efficient procurement process by consolidating the requirements and potentially achieving cost savings or other benefits.

Explanation

Bundling is the process of combining two or more requirements for supplies or services that were previously provided or performed under separate smaller contracts into a single solicitation for a contract. This allows for a more efficient procurement process by consolidating the requirements and potentially achieving cost savings or other benefits.

5. A form of written approval signed by an authorized official that is required by statute or regulation as a prerequisite to taking certain contract actions is defined as a:

Ratification

Determination and Findings

Contracting Officer's Final Decision

Waiver

A Determination and Findings is a form of written approval signed by an authorized official that is required by statute or regulation as a prerequisite to taking certain contract actions. It is a formal document that outlines the reasoning and justification behind a specific decision or action taken by a contracting officer. This document helps ensure transparency and accountability in the contract process by providing a clear record of the decision-making process.

Explanation

A Determination and Findings is a form of written approval signed by an authorized official that is required by statute or regulation as a prerequisite to taking certain contract actions. It is a formal document that outlines the reasoning and justification behind a specific decision or action taken by a contracting officer. This document helps ensure transparency and accountability in the contract process by providing a clear record of the decision-making process.

6. It is advantageous to establish Blanket Purchase Agreements with firms who:

Have past performance records that show them to be unreliable

Bid only on purchases over the simplified acquisition threshold

Have provided few purchases at or below the simplified acquisition threshold

Offer quality supplies or services at consistently lower prices than their competitors

Establishing Blanket Purchase Agreements (BPAs) with firms that offer quality supplies or services at consistently lower prices than their competitors is advantageous because it allows the purchasing organization to secure these supplies or services at a lower cost. This can lead to cost savings and potentially increase the organization's overall profitability. By having a BPA with such firms, the organization can also ensure a reliable and consistent supply of quality goods or services, which is crucial for smooth operations.

Explanation

Establishing Blanket Purchase Agreements (BPAs) with firms that offer quality supplies or services at consistently lower prices than their competitors is advantageous because it allows the purchasing organization to secure these supplies or services at a lower cost. This can lead to cost savings and potentially increase the organization's overall profitability. By having a BPA with such firms, the organization can also ensure a reliable and consistent supply of quality goods or services, which is crucial for smooth operations.

7. The Federal Supply program provides Federal agencies with a simplified process for obtaining commonly used commercial supplies and services at prices associated with volume buying. It is directed and managed by the:

Commerce Department

Executive Department

General Services Administration

Defense Logistics Agency

The General Services Administration (GSA) is responsible for directing and managing the Federal Supply program. This program aims to provide Federal agencies with an easy and streamlined process to acquire commonly used commercial supplies and services at prices that are associated with volume buying. The GSA ensures that the program operates efficiently and effectively, allowing Federal agencies to obtain the necessary resources they need at competitive prices.

Explanation

The General Services Administration (GSA) is responsible for directing and managing the Federal Supply program. This program aims to provide Federal agencies with an easy and streamlined process to acquire commonly used commercial supplies and services at prices that are associated with volume buying. The GSA ensures that the program operates efficiently and effectively, allowing Federal agencies to obtain the necessary resources they need at competitive prices.

8. What is acceptable evidence to establish the time of receipt at the government installation?

A US Post Office proof of mailing receipt

Other documentary evidence maintained by the contractor

Oral testimony or statements by the bidder's personnel

Time/date stamp of that installation on the bid wrapper

The time/date stamp of the government installation on the bid wrapper is the most acceptable evidence to establish the time of receipt. This is because the stamp provides a clear and official record of when the bid was received by the government installation. It is a reliable and objective piece of evidence that can be easily verified. The US Post Office proof of mailing receipt, other documentary evidence maintained by the contractor, and oral testimony or statements by the bidder's personnel may not be as reliable or objective as the time/date stamp on the bid wrapper.

Explanation

The time/date stamp of the government installation on the bid wrapper is the most acceptable evidence to establish the time of receipt. This is because the stamp provides a clear and official record of when the bid was received by the government installation. It is a reliable and objective piece of evidence that can be easily verified. The US Post Office proof of mailing receipt, other documentary evidence maintained by the contractor, and oral testimony or statements by the bidder's personnel may not be as reliable or objective as the time/date stamp on the bid wrapper.

9. A contract with a corporation shall be signed:

By the Chief Financial officer

By the head of the contracts department

In the corporate name, followed by the word "by" and the signature and title of the person authorized to sign

By the Chief Executive Officer

The correct answer is "In the corporate name, followed by the word 'by' and the signature and title of the person authorized to sign." This is because when signing a contract with a corporation, it is important to clearly indicate that the signature is being made on behalf of the corporation. This is done by signing in the corporate name, followed by the word "by" and the signature and title of the person who is authorized to sign on behalf of the corporation. This ensures that the contract is legally binding and that the person signing has the authority to do so.

Explanation

The correct answer is "In the corporate name, followed by the word 'by' and the signature and title of the person authorized to sign." This is because when signing a contract with a corporation, it is important to clearly indicate that the signature is being made on behalf of the corporation. This is done by signing in the corporate name, followed by the word "by" and the signature and title of the person who is authorized to sign on behalf of the corporation. This ensures that the contract is legally binding and that the person signing has the authority to do so.

10. The Contracting Officer may exercise options only after determining that:

Funds are available

The requirements covered by the option fulfills an existing Government need

Market prices for supplies or services are likely to change substantially

Both a & b

The correct answer is "Both a & b." The Contracting Officer may exercise options only after determining that funds are available and the requirements covered by the option fulfill an existing Government need. This means that the officer must ensure that there is enough funding to support the option and that the option aligns with the government's needs. Both conditions must be met for the options to be exercised.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Both a & b." The Contracting Officer may exercise options only after determining that funds are available and the requirements covered by the option fulfill an existing Government need. This means that the officer must ensure that there is enough funding to support the option and that the option aligns with the government's needs. Both conditions must be met for the options to be exercised.

11. Contractor's arrangements to pay contingent fees for soliciting Government contracts have long been considered contrary to public policy because

They discourage competition

Such arrangements may lead to attempted or actual exercise of improper influence

They result in excessive overhead costs

Accountability of costs idifficult to track

Contractor's arrangements to pay contingent fees for soliciting Government contracts have long been considered contrary to public policy because they may lead to attempted or actual exercise of improper influence. This means that when contractors offer to pay fees in order to secure contracts, it creates a situation where there is a potential for corruption or unethical behavior. This undermines the principles of fair competition and transparency in the government contract process.

Explanation

Contractor's arrangements to pay contingent fees for soliciting Government contracts have long been considered contrary to public policy because they may lead to attempted or actual exercise of improper influence. This means that when contractors offer to pay fees in order to secure contracts, it creates a situation where there is a potential for corruption or unethical behavior. This undermines the principles of fair competition and transparency in the government contract process.

12. Which statement concerning Requests for Information (RFis) is true?

Responses to RFis are not offers and may not be accepted by the Government to form a binding contract

Responses to RFis may be accepted by the Government to form a binding contract

RFis are used when the Government desires market information and intends to award a contract immediately

Use of RFis is limited to purchases not exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold

Responses to RFis are not offers and may not be accepted by the Government to form a binding contract. This means that when a government agency sends out a Request for Information (RFI), the responses they receive are not considered as formal offers. Instead, they are used to gather information and feedback from potential vendors or contractors. The government agency is not obligated to accept any of the responses or enter into a binding contract based on the information provided in the RFIs.

Explanation

Responses to RFis are not offers and may not be accepted by the Government to form a binding contract. This means that when a government agency sends out a Request for Information (RFI), the responses they receive are not considered as formal offers. Instead, they are used to gather information and feedback from potential vendors or contractors. The government agency is not obligated to accept any of the responses or enter into a binding contract based on the information provided in the RFIs.

13. Which of the following is true concerning Blanket Purchase Agreements (BPAs)?

A purchase requisition is required to establish one

Use of a BPA exempts an agency from the responsibility for keeping obligations and expenditures within available funds

They may be established with more than one supplier

They may be established even if there•is an existing requirements contract for the same supply or service

Blanket Purchase Agreements (BPAs) can be established with more than one supplier. This means that a single BPA can be set up to procure goods or services from multiple suppliers. This allows the agency to have flexibility in selecting suppliers and ensures that they have access to a variety of options. By establishing BPAs with multiple suppliers, the agency can also potentially negotiate better prices and terms, as they have the ability to compare and choose the most advantageous offers. Therefore, the statement "They may be established with more than one supplier" is true concerning BPAs.

Explanation

Blanket Purchase Agreements (BPAs) can be established with more than one supplier. This means that a single BPA can be set up to procure goods or services from multiple suppliers. This allows the agency to have flexibility in selecting suppliers and ensures that they have access to a variety of options. By establishing BPAs with multiple suppliers, the agency can also potentially negotiate better prices and terms, as they have the ability to compare and choose the most advantageous offers. Therefore, the statement "They may be established with more than one supplier" is true concerning BPAs.

14. If market research indicates that neither commercial items nor nondevelopmental items are available to satisfy agency needs, agencies:

May set-aside the procurement

Are authorized to pursue the acquisition as a restricted procurement

Shall solicit and award any resultant c(mtract using FAR Part 12 policies and procedures

If market research indicates that neither commercial items nor nondevelopmental items are available to satisfy agency needs, agencies must reevaluate the need and determine whether it can be restated to permit commercial or nondevelopmental items to satisfy them. This means that the agency should reassess their requirements and see if there is any possibility to modify or redefine them in a way that would allow the use of commercial or nondevelopmental items. This is the appropriate course of action when no suitable options are available in the market.

Explanation

If market research indicates that neither commercial items nor nondevelopmental items are available to satisfy agency needs, agencies must reevaluate the need and determine whether it can be restated to permit commercial or nondevelopmental items to satisfy them. This means that the agency should reassess their requirements and see if there is any possibility to modify or redefine them in a way that would allow the use of commercial or nondevelopmental items. This is the appropriate course of action when no suitable options are available in the market.

15. Which statement about proposal revisions is true?

Final proposal revisions may be oral

The contracting officer may request or allow proposal revisions to clarify and document understandings reached during negotiations

Cut off dates for submission of final proposal revisions are negotiated with each offeror

The correct answer is that the contracting officer may request or allow proposal revisions to clarify and document understandings reached during negotiations. This means that even if a proposal has been eliminated or removed from the competitive range, the contracting officer still has the authority to consider revisions to the proposal. Additionally, final proposal revisions may not be oral, and the cut-off dates for submission of final proposal revisions are negotiated with each offeror.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the contracting officer may request or allow proposal revisions to clarify and document understandings reached during negotiations. This means that even if a proposal has been eliminated or removed from the competitive range, the contracting officer still has the authority to consider revisions to the proposal. Additionally, final proposal revisions may not be oral, and the cut-off dates for submission of final proposal revisions are negotiated with each offeror.

16. FAR Part 23 prescribes acquisition policies and procedures supporting the Govemmenfs program for

Ensuring a smoke-free workplace

Protecting and improving the quality of work and home life

Recycling commercial newspapers

Energy conservation, identification of hazardous materials, use of recovered materials

The correct answer is "Energy conservation, identification of hazardous materials, use of recovered materials." This is because FAR Part 23 is a regulation that governs the acquisition process for the federal government. It focuses on policies and procedures related to energy conservation, identifying hazardous materials, and promoting the use of recovered materials. These measures are important for promoting sustainability, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring the safety of government operations.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Energy conservation, identification of hazardous materials, use of recovered materials." This is because FAR Part 23 is a regulation that governs the acquisition process for the federal government. It focuses on policies and procedures related to energy conservation, identifying hazardous materials, and promoting the use of recovered materials. These measures are important for promoting sustainability, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring the safety of government operations.

17. The responsibility for selecting the appropriate type of contract for an R & D requirement belongs to

Program manager

Contracting officer

Acquisition manager

R&D Chief

The responsibility for selecting the appropriate type of contract for an R&D requirement belongs to the contracting officer. The contracting officer is responsible for managing the contract and ensuring that it meets the needs of the organization. They have the expertise and knowledge to assess the requirements of the R&D project and determine the most suitable type of contract to be used. This decision is crucial as it affects the terms, conditions, and pricing of the contract, and ultimately impacts the success of the R&D effort. The program manager, acquisition manager, and R&D chief may provide input and guidance, but the final decision lies with the contracting officer.

Explanation

The responsibility for selecting the appropriate type of contract for an R&D requirement belongs to the contracting officer. The contracting officer is responsible for managing the contract and ensuring that it meets the needs of the organization. They have the expertise and knowledge to assess the requirements of the R&D project and determine the most suitable type of contract to be used. This decision is crucial as it affects the terms, conditions, and pricing of the contract, and ultimately impacts the success of the R&D effort. The program manager, acquisition manager, and R&D chief may provide input and guidance, but the final decision lies with the contracting officer.

18. According to the FAR:

An unauthorized commitment may be ratified as long as funds are available

The contracting officer is the ratification approval authority for actions up to $2,500

Agencies should take positive action to preclude the need for ratification actions

Proper delegation of micro-purchase authority eradicates any need for ratification procedures

The correct answer is "Agencies should take positive action to preclude the need for ratification actions." This means that agencies should actively work to prevent unauthorized commitments from occurring in the first place, so that there is no need for ratification. By establishing proper procedures and controls, agencies can minimize the risk of unauthorized commitments and the subsequent need for ratification.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Agencies should take positive action to preclude the need for ratification actions." This means that agencies should actively work to prevent unauthorized commitments from occurring in the first place, so that there is no need for ratification. By establishing proper procedures and controls, agencies can minimize the risk of unauthorized commitments and the subsequent need for ratification.

19. Which part of the uniform contract format is removed from the model contract prior to award:

Part II - Contract Clauses

Part IV- Representations and Instructions

Part I- Schedule

Part Ill- Attachments

Part IV- Representations and Instructions is removed from the model contract prior to award. This part typically includes instructions to offerors, representations and certifications, and other related information. It is removed because these instructions and representations are no longer relevant once the contract has been awarded. The awarded contract will only include the necessary contract clauses, schedule, and attachments.

Explanation

Part IV- Representations and Instructions is removed from the model contract prior to award. This part typically includes instructions to offerors, representations and certifications, and other related information. It is removed because these instructions and representations are no longer relevant once the contract has been awarded. The awarded contract will only include the necessary contract clauses, schedule, and attachments.

20. If defective pricing is discovered after award:

The Government has no recourse

The contractor determines the amount of increase and bills the Government

The Government is entitled to a price adjustment if the amount is significant

A 15% penalty applies to any overpayment attributable to the contractor's error

If defective pricing is discovered after award, the government is entitled to a price adjustment if the amount is significant. This means that if the pricing error is found to be significant, the government can request a change in the price of the contract to reflect the correct amount. This allows the government to ensure that they are not overpaying for the goods or services provided by the contractor.

Explanation

If defective pricing is discovered after award, the government is entitled to a price adjustment if the amount is significant. This means that if the pricing error is found to be significant, the government can request a change in the price of the contract to reflect the correct amount. This allows the government to ensure that they are not overpaying for the goods or services provided by the contractor.

21. Which of the following is a true'contract type allowed by the FAR?

A cost-plus-allowable-fee contract

A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract

A cost-plus-a-percentage-of-cost contract

A cost-plus-firm-fee contract

A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract is a true contract type allowed by the FAR. In this type of contract, the contractor is reimbursed for allowable costs incurred during the performance of the contract, and also receives a fixed fee that is negotiated and agreed upon before the work begins. The fixed fee provides an incentive for the contractor to control costs and complete the work efficiently. This type of contract is commonly used when the scope of work is well-defined and the costs can be estimated with reasonable certainty.

Explanation

A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract is a true contract type allowed by the FAR. In this type of contract, the contractor is reimbursed for allowable costs incurred during the performance of the contract, and also receives a fixed fee that is negotiated and agreed upon before the work begins. The fixed fee provides an incentive for the contractor to control costs and complete the work efficiently. This type of contract is commonly used when the scope of work is well-defined and the costs can be estimated with reasonable certainty.

22. When is an indefinite-delivery contract appropriate?

When it is not possible to estimate accurately the extent or duration of the work

When the specifications/work statement is clearly defined

When uncertainties involved in contractor performance do not penni!costs to be estimated

When the exact times and/or quantities of future deliveries are not known at time of award

An indefinite-delivery contract is appropriate when the exact times and/or quantities of future deliveries are not known at the time of award. This type of contract allows for flexibility in ordering goods or services as needed, without specifying specific quantities or delivery dates upfront. It is useful when there is uncertainty or variability in the demand or requirements, and it allows the buyer to request deliveries on an as-needed basis. This type of contract provides the buyer with more flexibility and reduces the need for accurate estimation of quantities and delivery schedules.

Explanation

An indefinite-delivery contract is appropriate when the exact times and/or quantities of future deliveries are not known at the time of award. This type of contract allows for flexibility in ordering goods or services as needed, without specifying specific quantities or delivery dates upfront. It is useful when there is uncertainty or variability in the demand or requirements, and it allows the buyer to request deliveries on an as-needed basis. This type of contract provides the buyer with more flexibility and reduces the need for accurate estimation of quantities and delivery schedules.

23. Unpriced purchase orders may be used to acquire:

Repairs to equipment requiring disassembly to determine the nature and extent of repairs

Commercial or nondevelopmental items

Urgently needed supplies available through multiple sources

Routine items for stock

Unpriced purchase orders may be used to acquire repairs to equipment requiring disassembly to determine the nature and extent of repairs because in such cases, the exact cost of repairs cannot be determined upfront. Disassembling the equipment is necessary to assess the extent of damage and determine the necessary repairs, which in turn will determine the final cost. Therefore, an unpriced purchase order allows for the flexibility to adjust the cost based on the findings during the disassembly process.

Explanation

Unpriced purchase orders may be used to acquire repairs to equipment requiring disassembly to determine the nature and extent of repairs because in such cases, the exact cost of repairs cannot be determined upfront. Disassembling the equipment is necessary to assess the extent of damage and determine the necessary repairs, which in turn will determine the final cost. Therefore, an unpriced purchase order allows for the flexibility to adjust the cost based on the findings during the disassembly process.

24. Which of the following about micro-purchases is true?

They may not be awarded without soliciting competitive quotations

Only a contracting officer may award them

The Government-wide commercial purchase card is the preferred means to purchase and . 1 pay for them

The requirements in FAR Part 8 do not apply to them

The correct answer is stating that the Government-wide commercial purchase card is the preferred means to purchase and pay for micro-purchases. This means that using the purchase card is the preferred method for acquiring and paying for goods or services that fall within the micro-purchase threshold.

Explanation

The correct answer is stating that the Government-wide commercial purchase card is the preferred means to purchase and pay for micro-purchases. This means that using the purchase card is the preferred method for acquiring and paying for goods or services that fall within the micro-purchase threshold.

25. Which of the following concerning electronic bids is true?

Contracting officers may not authorize use of electronic commerce for submission of bids

Contracting officers have the authority to allow the use of electronic commerce for bid submissions. However, they are required to specify the electronic commerce method(s) that bidders are allowed to use. This ensures that there is clarity and consistency in the bidding process.

Explanation

Contracting officers have the authority to allow the use of electronic commerce for bid submissions. However, they are required to specify the electronic commerce method(s) that bidders are allowed to use. This ensures that there is clarity and consistency in the bidding process.

26. The Freedom of Information Act provides that infonnation is to be made available to the public

By publication in the Washington Post

Within 72 hours of the initial request

Seven years after the contract is closed

Upon request, providing a copy of a reasonably described record

The correct answer is "Upon request, providing a copy of a reasonably described record." This answer accurately reflects the principle of the Freedom of Information Act, which states that information should be made available to the public upon request. It emphasizes the importance of providing a copy of a record that is reasonably described, ensuring that the information being requested is clear and specific. This answer aligns with the intent of the Act to promote transparency and accessibility of information to the public.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Upon request, providing a copy of a reasonably described record." This answer accurately reflects the principle of the Freedom of Information Act, which states that information should be made available to the public upon request. It emphasizes the importance of providing a copy of a record that is reasonably described, ensuring that the information being requested is clear and specific. This answer aligns with the intent of the Act to promote transparency and accessibility of information to the public.

27. Agencies are required to use the results of market research to determine:

If detailed government specifications exist

A fair and reasonable price

The government's requirements

The extent to which commercial items or nondevelopmentalitems could satisfy the need

Agencies are required to use the results of market research to determine the extent to which commercial items or nondevelopmental items could satisfy the need. This means that they need to assess whether there are existing products or solutions in the market that can meet the government's requirements. By conducting market research, agencies can evaluate the availability and suitability of commercial or nondevelopmental items, which can potentially save time and resources compared to developing new items from scratch.

Explanation

Agencies are required to use the results of market research to determine the extent to which commercial items or nondevelopmental items could satisfy the need. This means that they need to assess whether there are existing products or solutions in the market that can meet the government's requirements. By conducting market research, agencies can evaluate the availability and suitability of commercial or nondevelopmental items, which can potentially save time and resources compared to developing new items from scratch.

28. The Contracting Officer may use competitive proposals in lieu of sealed bids if:

Time permits the solicitation, submission, and evaluation of sealed bids

Award will be made on the basis of price and other price related factors

It is necessary to conduct discussions

The resulting contract will be with a small business

The correct answer is "It is necessary to conduct discussions." This means that if there is a need for the contracting officer to have discussions with potential contractors in order to clarify or negotiate certain terms or requirements of the contract, competitive proposals may be used instead of sealed bids. This allows for more flexibility and the opportunity to have a dialogue with the contractors before making a final decision.

Explanation

The correct answer is "It is necessary to conduct discussions." This means that if there is a need for the contracting officer to have discussions with potential contractors in order to clarify or negotiate certain terms or requirements of the contract, competitive proposals may be used instead of sealed bids. This allows for more flexibility and the opportunity to have a dialogue with the contractors before making a final decision.

29. The process of examining and evaluating a proposed price without evaluating its separate cost elements and proposed profit is called:

Technical analysis

Price analysis

Field pricing support analysis

Informal analysis

Price analysis is the process of examining and evaluating a proposed price without evaluating its separate cost elements and proposed profit. This means that in price analysis, the focus is solely on the price itself, without considering the underlying costs or profit margins. Price analysis is commonly used in procurement and contracting to assess the reasonableness and competitiveness of proposed prices. It helps in determining whether the price offered is fair and reasonable based on market conditions, historical data, and other relevant factors.

Explanation

Price analysis is the process of examining and evaluating a proposed price without evaluating its separate cost elements and proposed profit. This means that in price analysis, the focus is solely on the price itself, without considering the underlying costs or profit margins. Price analysis is commonly used in procurement and contracting to assess the reasonableness and competitiveness of proposed prices. It helps in determining whether the price offered is fair and reasonable based on market conditions, historical data, and other relevant factors.

30. Contracts to acquire information technology systems in successive, interoperable increments are known as:

Multi-year

Successive

Modular

Alpha

Contracts to acquire information technology systems in successive, interoperable increments are known as modular contracts. This means that the acquisition process is divided into multiple stages or modules, with each module being completed and implemented before moving on to the next. This approach allows for flexibility and adaptability, as changes can be made to each module based on the evolving needs and requirements of the organization. By using modular contracts, organizations can gradually build and integrate different components of the IT system, ensuring interoperability and minimizing risks associated with large-scale system implementations.

Explanation

Contracts to acquire information technology systems in successive, interoperable increments are known as modular contracts. This means that the acquisition process is divided into multiple stages or modules, with each module being completed and implemented before moving on to the next. This approach allows for flexibility and adaptability, as changes can be made to each module based on the evolving needs and requirements of the organization. By using modular contracts, organizations can gradually build and integrate different components of the IT system, ensuring interoperability and minimizing risks associated with large-scale system implementations.

31. When acquiring commercialitems, the contracting officer

Is not required to establish price reasonableness

Can accept the commercial standard for price reasonableness

Must establish price reasonableness in accordance with 13.106-3, 14.408-2, or Subpart15.4, as applicable

Must establish price reasonableness in accordance with commercialpractices

When acquiring commercial items, the contracting officer must establish price reasonableness in accordance with 13.106-3, 14.408-2, or Subpart 15.4, as applicable. This means that the contracting officer cannot simply accept the commercial standard for price reasonableness, but rather must follow the specific guidelines and regulations outlined in the mentioned sections. Establishing price reasonableness is an important step in ensuring that the government is paying a fair and reasonable price for the commercial items being acquired.

Explanation

When acquiring commercial items, the contracting officer must establish price reasonableness in accordance with 13.106-3, 14.408-2, or Subpart 15.4, as applicable. This means that the contracting officer cannot simply accept the commercial standard for price reasonableness, but rather must follow the specific guidelines and regulations outlined in the mentioned sections. Establishing price reasonableness is an important step in ensuring that the government is paying a fair and reasonable price for the commercial items being acquired.

32. Which of the following is true about quotations?

A quotation is not an offer

Solicitation of oralquotations under the Simplified Acquisition Threshold is discouraged

Restriction of solicitation to suppliers of well-known and widely distributed makes or brands is preferred

Standing price quotations may not be used

A quotation is not an offer because it is a statement of price or terms that is provided in response to a request for quotation. It is not a binding agreement or commitment to sell a product or service. An offer, on the other hand, is a specific proposal that creates a legal obligation and can be accepted by the other party. Therefore, a quotation is merely a price estimate or proposal that can be accepted or rejected by the buyer.

Explanation

A quotation is not an offer because it is a statement of price or terms that is provided in response to a request for quotation. It is not a binding agreement or commitment to sell a product or service. An offer, on the other hand, is a specific proposal that creates a legal obligation and can be accepted by the other party. Therefore, a quotation is merely a price estimate or proposal that can be accepted or rejected by the buyer.

33. A pre-bid conference is never to be used for:

Answering industry's questions

Amending an ambiguous IFB

Explaining requirements

Conducting market research

A pre-bid conference is a meeting held before the submission of bids to provide potential bidders with information about the project or procurement. It is meant to clarify any questions or concerns raised by the industry and explain the requirements of the bid. However, it is not intended to amend an ambiguous Invitation for Bids (IFB). The IFB should be clear and unambiguous before the pre-bid conference takes place. If there are any ambiguities in the IFB, they should be addressed and clarified before the conference, rather than attempting to amend it during the conference.

Explanation

A pre-bid conference is a meeting held before the submission of bids to provide potential bidders with information about the project or procurement. It is meant to clarify any questions or concerns raised by the industry and explain the requirements of the bid. However, it is not intended to amend an ambiguous Invitation for Bids (IFB). The IFB should be clear and unambiguous before the pre-bid conference takes place. If there are any ambiguities in the IFB, they should be addressed and clarified before the conference, rather than attempting to amend it during the conference.

34. Public Law 100-679 (41 U.S.C.422) requires

Contractors and certain subcontractors to follow whatever cost accounting standards and practices that they mutually agree to

That only contractors disclose in writing and follow consistently their cost accounting practices

That contractors and subcontracts may disclose verbally to the contracting officer their costaccounting practices during the solicitation phase

The correct answer is that Public Law 100-679 (41 U.S.C.422) requires certain contractors and subcontractors to comply with Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) and to disclose in writing and follow consistently their cost accounting practices. This means that these contractors and subcontractors are legally obligated to adhere to the CAS and must document and maintain consistent cost accounting practices.

Explanation

The correct answer is that Public Law 100-679 (41 U.S.C.422) requires certain contractors and subcontractors to comply with Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) and to disclose in writing and follow consistently their cost accounting practices. This means that these contractors and subcontractors are legally obligated to adhere to the CAS and must document and maintain consistent cost accounting practices.

35. A cash fund of a fixed amount established by an advance of funds, without charge to an appropriation, from an agency finance or disbursing officer to a duly appointed cashier for disbursement as needed from time to time in making payment in cash for relatively small purchases is a/an:

Non-appropriated fund

General fund

Lmprest fund

Administrative Commitment Document

An imprest fund is a cash fund that is established by an advance of funds, without charge to an appropriation, from an agency finance or disbursing officer to a duly appointed cashier. This fund is used for making cash payments for relatively small purchases as and when needed. It helps to ensure that there is always a fixed amount of cash available for immediate disbursement, thus facilitating efficient and convenient payment for small expenses.

Explanation

An imprest fund is a cash fund that is established by an advance of funds, without charge to an appropriation, from an agency finance or disbursing officer to a duly appointed cashier. This fund is used for making cash payments for relatively small purchases as and when needed. It helps to ensure that there is always a fixed amount of cash available for immediate disbursement, thus facilitating efficient and convenient payment for small expenses.

36. If other than full and open competition is anticipated, the acquisition plan must be coordinated with the cognizant

Competition Advocate

Head of the Contracting Activity

Small Business Office

Contract administrator

The correct answer is Competition Advocate. The Competition Advocate is responsible for ensuring that full and open competition is achieved to the maximum extent possible in government acquisitions. If other than full and open competition is anticipated, the acquisition plan must be coordinated with the Competition Advocate to ensure that the appropriate justifications and approvals are in place. This helps to promote fairness and transparency in the acquisition process.

Explanation

The correct answer is Competition Advocate. The Competition Advocate is responsible for ensuring that full and open competition is achieved to the maximum extent possible in government acquisitions. If other than full and open competition is anticipated, the acquisition plan must be coordinated with the Competition Advocate to ensure that the appropriate justifications and approvals are in place. This helps to promote fairness and transparency in the acquisition process.

37. In the event that the Federal Prison Industries (FPI) and nonprofit agencies participating in the Javits-Wagner-O'Day (JWOD) Pr()gram produce identical supplies, the ordering offices shall purchase supplies from the following sources based on priority. Identify the source which has first priority:

JWOD participating nonprofit agencies

FederalPrison Industries, Inc.

Commercial sources

Federal Supply Schedule

Federal Prison Industries, Inc. has first priority because it is listed before the other sources in the order of priority.

Explanation

Federal Prison Industries, Inc. has first priority because it is listed before the other sources in the order of priority.

38. Which of these is NOT a normal function of a contract administration office?

Review the contractor's compensation structure and insurance plans

Conduct post-award orientation conferences

Assist the contractor in management of its subcontractors

Determine the contractor's compliance with Cost Accounting Standards

The contract administration office is responsible for overseeing and ensuring the proper execution of contracts. This includes reviewing the contractor's compensation structure and insurance plans to ensure compliance, conducting post-award orientation conferences to provide guidance and clarification on contract requirements, and determining the contractor's compliance with Cost Accounting Standards. However, assisting the contractor in the management of its subcontractors is not a normal function of a contract administration office. This task would typically fall under the contractor's own responsibilities.

Explanation

The contract administration office is responsible for overseeing and ensuring the proper execution of contracts. This includes reviewing the contractor's compensation structure and insurance plans to ensure compliance, conducting post-award orientation conferences to provide guidance and clarification on contract requirements, and determining the contractor's compliance with Cost Accounting Standards. However, assisting the contractor in the management of its subcontractors is not a normal function of a contract administration office. This task would typically fall under the contractor's own responsibilities.

39. A person holding itself out to the general public to provide transportation for compensation is a

Contract carrier

Universal carrier

Common carrier

Commercial carrier

A person holding itself out to the general public to provide transportation for compensation is a common carrier. A common carrier is a business or individual that offers transportation services to the public for a fee. They are obligated to serve all customers without discrimination and are subject to regulations and legal responsibilities to ensure the safety and well-being of their passengers or cargo. Unlike other types of carriers, such as contract carriers or commercial carriers, common carriers provide services to the general public rather than specific individuals or organizations.

Explanation

A person holding itself out to the general public to provide transportation for compensation is a common carrier. A common carrier is a business or individual that offers transportation services to the public for a fee. They are obligated to serve all customers without discrimination and are subject to regulations and legal responsibilities to ensure the safety and well-being of their passengers or cargo. Unlike other types of carriers, such as contract carriers or commercial carriers, common carriers provide services to the general public rather than specific individuals or organizations.

40. Class D & Fs:

Apply to one and only one contracting action

Shall be for an indefinite period

Must be signed by the requesting official

This statement is the correct answer because it accurately describes the purpose of Class D & Fs. These documents provide the authority for contracting actions that involve the same or related supplies or services, or other contracting actions that require essentially identical justification. By signing these documents, the requesting official grants the necessary authority for these specific contracting actions. Additionally, Class D & Fs are for an indefinite period, meaning they do not have a set expiration date and can be used as long as the justification remains valid.

Explanation

This statement is the correct answer because it accurately describes the purpose of Class D & Fs. These documents provide the authority for contracting actions that involve the same or related supplies or services, or other contracting actions that require essentially identical justification. By signing these documents, the requesting official grants the necessary authority for these specific contracting actions. Additionally, Class D & Fs are for an indefinite period, meaning they do not have a set expiration date and can be used as long as the justification remains valid.

41. Which is not a reason to reject a bid?

The bid does not conform to the delivery schedule

The price is unreasonable

The schedule contains an apparent clerical mistake

The bid states a price as being subject to "price in effect at time of delivery"

A bid may be rejected if it does not conform to the delivery schedule, if the price is unreasonable, or if the bid states a price as being subject to "price in effect at time of delivery". However, the presence of an apparent clerical mistake in the schedule would not be a reason to reject a bid.

Explanation

A bid may be rejected if it does not conform to the delivery schedule, if the price is unreasonable, or if the bid states a price as being subject to "price in effect at time of delivery". However, the presence of an apparent clerical mistake in the schedule would not be a reason to reject a bid.

42. If a contractor has an approved purchasing system,

Consent is required for subcontracts identified in the subcontracts clause of the contract

Purchases below the Simplified Acquisition Threshold must be reviewed by the contracting officer

Only items on the government Qualified Products list may be used

F.O.B.origin may not be used

The correct answer states that consent is required for subcontracts identified in the subcontracts clause of the contract. This means that if a contractor wants to subcontract a portion of the work to another party, they must obtain consent from the contracting officer as specified in the subcontracts clause of the contract. This ensures that the contracting officer has oversight and control over the subcontracting process to ensure that it aligns with the terms and conditions of the contract.

Explanation

The correct answer states that consent is required for subcontracts identified in the subcontracts clause of the contract. This means that if a contractor wants to subcontract a portion of the work to another party, they must obtain consent from the contracting officer as specified in the subcontracts clause of the contract. This ensures that the contracting officer has oversight and control over the subcontracting process to ensure that it aligns with the terms and conditions of the contract.

43. A latent defect is a defect which

Exists at the time of acceptance

Cannot be discovered by a reasonable inspection

Botha&b

Is discovered by the contractor's quality inspector

A latent defect is a defect that exists at the time of acceptance and cannot be discovered by a reasonable inspection. This means that even if a thorough inspection is conducted by the contractor's quality inspector, the defect will still remain hidden and will only be discovered later on. Therefore, the correct answer is both a and b, as the defect exists at the time of acceptance and cannot be discovered by inspection.

Explanation

A latent defect is a defect that exists at the time of acceptance and cannot be discovered by a reasonable inspection. This means that even if a thorough inspection is conducted by the contractor's quality inspector, the defect will still remain hidden and will only be discovered later on. Therefore, the correct answer is both a and b, as the defect exists at the time of acceptance and cannot be discovered by inspection.

44. Government Property means

Government-furnisned property

Contractor-acquired property

Surplus property

Both a & b

Government property refers to assets that are either provided by the government or acquired by the contractor in the context of a contractual agreement. "Government-furnished property" refers to assets that are supplied by the government to the contractor for use during the project. "Contractor-acquired property" refers to assets that are obtained by the contractor for use in the project, but are ultimately owned by the government. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both a & b" as government property can include both government-furnished property and contractor-acquired property.

Explanation

Government property refers to assets that are either provided by the government or acquired by the contractor in the context of a contractual agreement. "Government-furnished property" refers to assets that are supplied by the government to the contractor for use during the project. "Contractor-acquired property" refers to assets that are obtained by the contractor for use in the project, but are ultimately owned by the government. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both a & b" as government property can include both government-furnished property and contractor-acquired property.

45. The Government shall not use warranties in Cost Reimbursement Contracts

This statement is true

Except for warranties in the clauses at 52.246-3, Inspection of Supplies

Except for warranties in the clause at 52.246-8, Inspection of Research and Development

B and c above

The given statement is true, except for warranties in the clauses at 52.246-3, Inspection of Supplies, and 52.246-8, Inspection of Research and Development. This means that the government is generally prohibited from using warranties in cost reimbursement contracts, but there are exceptions for warranties related to the inspection of supplies and research and development.

Explanation

The given statement is true, except for warranties in the clauses at 52.246-3, Inspection of Supplies, and 52.246-8, Inspection of Research and Development. This means that the government is generally prohibited from using warranties in cost reimbursement contracts, but there are exceptions for warranties related to the inspection of supplies and research and development.

46. A certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data:

Is required upon exercise of an option at the price established at contract award, regardless of dollar value

Is no longer required

The certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data does not imply that the contractor's judgment on the estimate of future costs or projections is accurate. It is simply a document that provides information about the current costs or pricing data and does not make any claims about the accuracy of future cost estimates or projections.

Explanation

The certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data does not imply that the contractor's judgment on the estimate of future costs or projections is accurate. It is simply a document that provides information about the current costs or pricing data and does not make any claims about the accuracy of future cost estimates or projections.

47. The methodologies contracting officers shall use in acquiring construction contracts and architect-engineer services, respectively are:

Negotiation and sealed bids

Sealed bids and negotiation

Negotiation and negotiation

Sealed bids and barter

The correct answer is sealed bids and negotiation. This means that when acquiring construction contracts, contracting officers should use sealed bids, where contractors submit their bids in sealed envelopes and the contract is awarded to the lowest bidder. For architect-engineer services, negotiation should be used, which involves discussions and negotiations with potential contractors to determine the best terms and conditions for the contract. This combination of sealed bids and negotiation allows for a competitive bidding process while also allowing flexibility in negotiating contracts for specialized services.

Explanation

The correct answer is sealed bids and negotiation. This means that when acquiring construction contracts, contracting officers should use sealed bids, where contractors submit their bids in sealed envelopes and the contract is awarded to the lowest bidder. For architect-engineer services, negotiation should be used, which involves discussions and negotiations with potential contractors to determine the best terms and conditions for the contract. This combination of sealed bids and negotiation allows for a competitive bidding process while also allowing flexibility in negotiating contracts for specialized services.

48. When fast payment procedures are utilized, who is responsible for collecting debts resulting from failure of contractors to properly replace, repair, or correct supplies lost, damaged, or not conforming to purchase requirements?+

Program Manager

Contracting Officer

Head of the Contracting Authority

Accounting and Finance Officer

The contracting officer is responsible for collecting debts resulting from the failure of contractors to properly replace, repair, or correct supplies that are lost, damaged, or do not conform to purchase requirements. This role is specifically assigned to the contracting officer as part of their responsibilities in managing contracts and ensuring that contractors fulfill their obligations. The program manager, head of the contracting authority, and accounting and finance officer may have other roles and responsibilities related to the overall management of contracts and finances, but the specific responsibility for collecting debts in this situation lies with the contracting officer.

Explanation

The contracting officer is responsible for collecting debts resulting from the failure of contractors to properly replace, repair, or correct supplies that are lost, damaged, or do not conform to purchase requirements. This role is specifically assigned to the contracting officer as part of their responsibilities in managing contracts and ensuring that contractors fulfill their obligations. The program manager, head of the contracting authority, and accounting and finance officer may have other roles and responsibilities related to the overall management of contracts and finances, but the specific responsibility for collecting debts in this situation lies with the contracting officer.

49. For manufactured end products, the test to determine the country of origin under the Buy American Act is

A two-part test to define a domestic end product

A two-part test to detennine both a foreign and domestic end product

The correct answer is a two-part test to define a domestic end product that is manufactured in the US and the domestic cost of the components exceeds 50%. This means that in order for a product to be considered domestic under the Buy American Act, it must be manufactured in the US and the majority of the components used in its production must also be domestically sourced, with the domestic cost of these components exceeding 50%. This test ensures that the product is truly made in America and supports domestic manufacturing.

Explanation

The correct answer is a two-part test to define a domestic end product that is manufactured in the US and the domestic cost of the components exceeds 50%. This means that in order for a product to be considered domestic under the Buy American Act, it must be manufactured in the US and the majority of the components used in its production must also be domestically sourced, with the domestic cost of these components exceeding 50%. This test ensures that the product is truly made in America and supports domestic manufacturing.

50. A proposal may be withdrawn

By written notice at any time before award

Orally before award if it is an oral proposal in response to oral solicitations

At any time

Both a & b

A proposal may be withdrawn by written notice at any time before award, or orally before award if it is an oral proposal in response to oral solicitations. This means that a proposal can be withdrawn either by providing a written notice or by verbally communicating the withdrawal before the award is given. Both options, a written notice and an oral withdrawal, are available for the proposer to retract their proposal.

Explanation

A proposal may be withdrawn by written notice at any time before award, or orally before award if it is an oral proposal in response to oral solicitations. This means that a proposal can be withdrawn either by providing a written notice or by verbally communicating the withdrawal before the award is given. Both options, a written notice and an oral withdrawal, are available for the proposer to retract their proposal.

51. Authority for entering into or modifying contracts in order to facilitate the national defense under extraordinary emergency conditions is granted by

Public Law 85-804

The Head of the Contracting Activity

The Secretary of Defense

A level above the contracting officer

Public Law 85-804 grants the authority for entering into or modifying contracts in order to facilitate the national defense under extraordinary emergency conditions. This law provides the necessary legal framework and powers to enable the government to respond effectively and efficiently during times of crisis. It empowers the relevant authorities to take necessary actions to ensure the national defense is adequately supported, including entering into contracts or modifying existing ones. Therefore, Public Law 85-804 is the correct answer in this context.

Explanation

Public Law 85-804 grants the authority for entering into or modifying contracts in order to facilitate the national defense under extraordinary emergency conditions. This law provides the necessary legal framework and powers to enable the government to respond effectively and efficiently during times of crisis. It empowers the relevant authorities to take necessary actions to ensure the national defense is adequately supported, including entering into contracts or modifying existing ones. Therefore, Public Law 85-804 is the correct answer in this context.

52. Which of the following is the name of GSA's electronic system which allows ordering activities to post requirements, obtain quotes, and issue orders electronically:

GSA Advantage!

GSA Stock

E-Buy

Customer Supply Center

e-Buy is the correct answer because it is GSA's electronic system that enables ordering activities to post requirements, obtain quotes, and issue orders electronically. This system streamlines the procurement process by providing a platform for buyers to connect with vendors and facilitate the purchase of goods and services. With e-Buy, ordering activities can easily access a wide range of products and services offered by GSA's contracted vendors, ensuring efficiency and transparency in the procurement process.

Explanation

e-Buy is the correct answer because it is GSA's electronic system that enables ordering activities to post requirements, obtain quotes, and issue orders electronically. This system streamlines the procurement process by providing a platform for buyers to connect with vendors and facilitate the purchase of goods and services. With e-Buy, ordering activities can easily access a wide range of products and services offered by GSA's contracted vendors, ensuring efficiency and transparency in the procurement process.

53. Perfonnance and payment bonds are required or may be required for:

Construction contracts exceeding $2000

Construction contracts exceeding $100,000

Services and supply contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold whennecessary to protect the Govemment's.interest

Both b &c

Performance and payment bonds may be required for construction contracts exceeding $100,000 and for services and supply contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold when necessary to protect the Government's interest. This means that if a construction contract exceeds $100,000 or a services and supply contract exceeds the simplified acquisition threshold, which is determined by the government, performance and payment bonds may be required to ensure that the contractor fulfills their obligations and that the government is protected financially. Therefore, the correct answer is that both option b (construction contracts exceeding $100,000) and option c (services and supply contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold when necessary to protect the Government's interest) require performance and payment bonds.

Explanation

Performance and payment bonds may be required for construction contracts exceeding $100,000 and for services and supply contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold when necessary to protect the Government's interest. This means that if a construction contract exceeds $100,000 or a services and supply contract exceeds the simplified acquisition threshold, which is determined by the government, performance and payment bonds may be required to ensure that the contractor fulfills their obligations and that the government is protected financially. Therefore, the correct answer is that both option b (construction contracts exceeding $100,000) and option c (services and supply contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold when necessary to protect the Government's interest) require performance and payment bonds.

54. The first step of two-step bidding involves:

Price analysis only

Technical analysis only

Price and technical analysis

Historical analysis

The first step of two-step bidding involves technical analysis only. This means that before submitting a bid, the bidder evaluates the technical aspects of the project or product being bid on. This analysis includes assessing the feasibility, requirements, and specifications of the project, as well as any potential risks or challenges. By conducting a thorough technical analysis, the bidder can determine if they have the capabilities and resources to successfully complete the project, which helps in making an informed decision about whether or not to proceed with the bidding process.

Explanation

The first step of two-step bidding involves technical analysis only. This means that before submitting a bid, the bidder evaluates the technical aspects of the project or product being bid on. This analysis includes assessing the feasibility, requirements, and specifications of the project, as well as any potential risks or challenges. By conducting a thorough technical analysis, the bidder can determine if they have the capabilities and resources to successfully complete the project, which helps in making an informed decision about whether or not to proceed with the bidding process.

55. The point when agency needs are established and includes all activities directly related to the process of fulfilling agency needs by contract is defined as

Contracting

Requirements definition

Acquisition

Procurement

Acquisition refers to the point when agency needs are established and includes all activities directly related to the process of fulfilling agency needs by contract. It involves identifying the requirements, determining the best approach to meet those requirements, and obtaining the necessary goods or services through a contractual agreement. This process may include activities such as market research, soliciting proposals, evaluating offers, and negotiating contracts. Therefore, acquisition is the correct answer in this context.

Explanation

Acquisition refers to the point when agency needs are established and includes all activities directly related to the process of fulfilling agency needs by contract. It involves identifying the requirements, determining the best approach to meet those requirements, and obtaining the necessary goods or services through a contractual agreement. This process may include activities such as market research, soliciting proposals, evaluating offers, and negotiating contracts. Therefore, acquisition is the correct answer in this context.

56. The Federal Supply Schedule program provides Federal agencies:

Sources for meeting repetitive requirements on a scheduled basis

A simplified process for obtaining commercial supplies and services at prices associated with volume buying

A mandatory source for frequently used supplies and services at prices associated withvolume buying

A simplified process for obtaining complex services that the requiring agency does not have the expertise to buy

The Federal Supply Schedule program offers a simplified process for Federal agencies to acquire commercial supplies and services. This process allows them to obtain these items at prices that are typically associated with volume buying. This means that agencies can benefit from lower prices due to the large quantities being purchased through the program.

Explanation

The Federal Supply Schedule program offers a simplified process for Federal agencies to acquire commercial supplies and services. This process allows them to obtain these items at prices that are typically associated with volume buying. This means that agencies can benefit from lower prices due to the large quantities being purchased through the program.

57. Preaward debriefings shall NOT disclose:

The number of offerors

. A synopsis of the agency's evaluation of the offeror's proposal

A summary of the rationale for eliminating the offeror from the competition

Responses to relevant questions about source selection procedures

Preaward debriefings shall not disclose the number of offerors. This information is considered confidential and should not be shared with the offerors or any other parties involved in the competition. Disclosing the number of offerors could potentially compromise the integrity of the procurement process and give an unfair advantage to certain offerors. Therefore, it is important to keep this information confidential during preaward debriefings.

Explanation

Preaward debriefings shall not disclose the number of offerors. This information is considered confidential and should not be shared with the offerors or any other parties involved in the competition. Disclosing the number of offerors could potentially compromise the integrity of the procurement process and give an unfair advantage to certain offerors. Therefore, it is important to keep this information confidential during preaward debriefings.

58. This Act provides that contracts in excess of $2,000 to which the U.S. is a party for construction, alteration, or repair of public buildings within the U.S. shall contain a clause that no laborer shall receive less than the prevailing wage rates as determined by the Secretary of labor.

Davis-Bacon Act

Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act

Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act

Minimum Wage Act

The Davis-Bacon Act is the correct answer because it specifically addresses contracts for construction, alteration, or repair of public buildings within the U.S. and mandates that laborers receive prevailing wage rates as determined by the Secretary of Labor. The other options, such as the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act, and Minimum Wage Act, do not specifically pertain to the same requirements for laborers in construction contracts.

Explanation

The Davis-Bacon Act is the correct answer because it specifically addresses contracts for construction, alteration, or repair of public buildings within the U.S. and mandates that laborers receive prevailing wage rates as determined by the Secretary of Labor. The other options, such as the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act, and Minimum Wage Act, do not specifically pertain to the same requirements for laborers in construction contracts.

59. Which of the following statements concerning customary progress payments is true?

Customary progress payment rate is 90% (95% for small business concerns)

An unusual progress payment is defined as any rate that is 10% above or below the customary progress payment rate

The correct answer states that the customary progress payment rate is 80% (85% for small business concerns), but a higher rate can be authorized for undefinitized contractual actions (UCAs). This means that in general, the customary rate for progress payments is 80% (85% for small business concerns). However, in certain cases where there are undefinitized contractual actions, a higher rate can be authorized. This suggests that there may be flexibility in the progress payment rate depending on the specific circumstances of the contract.

Explanation

The correct answer states that the customary progress payment rate is 80% (85% for small business concerns), but a higher rate can be authorized for undefinitized contractual actions (UCAs). This means that in general, the customary rate for progress payments is 80% (85% for small business concerns). However, in certain cases where there are undefinitized contractual actions, a higher rate can be authorized. This suggests that there may be flexibility in the progress payment rate depending on the specific circumstances of the contract.

60. Lmprest funds may be used for transactions up to:

$25,000

$10,000

$1,000

.$500

The correct answer is $500. This means that the lmprest funds can be used for transactions up to a maximum of $500.

Explanation

The correct answer is $500. This means that the lmprest funds can be used for transactions up to a maximum of $500.

61. The Government can minimize the opportunity for buying-in by using any of the following techniques:

Simplified acquisition procedures

Priced options, amortization of nonrecurring costs, and simplified acquisition procedures

Simplified acquisition procedures, costs, and multiyear oontracting

Multiyear contracting, priced options, and amortization of nonrecurring costs

The government can minimize the opportunity for buying-in by using multiyear contracting, priced options, and amortization of nonrecurring costs. Multiyear contracting allows for longer-term contracts, reducing the need for frequent re-bidding and decreasing the opportunity for buying-in. Priced options provide flexibility in pricing and can discourage potential buyers from attempting to manipulate the procurement process. Amortization of nonrecurring costs spreads out the costs over a longer period, making it less attractive for potential buyers to engage in buying-in activities. These techniques together help minimize the possibility of buying-in and ensure a fair and transparent procurement process.

Explanation

The government can minimize the opportunity for buying-in by using multiyear contracting, priced options, and amortization of nonrecurring costs. Multiyear contracting allows for longer-term contracts, reducing the need for frequent re-bidding and decreasing the opportunity for buying-in. Priced options provide flexibility in pricing and can discourage potential buyers from attempting to manipulate the procurement process. Amortization of nonrecurring costs spreads out the costs over a longer period, making it less attractive for potential buyers to engage in buying-in activities. These techniques together help minimize the possibility of buying-in and ensure a fair and transparent procurement process.

62. "Effective Date" means the following:

The date specified by the offeror in its proposal

For a supplemental agreement, it is the date set by the contracting officer

For a solicitation amendment, change order, or administrative change,it is the issue date

The term "Effective Date" refers to the date on which a solicitation amendment, change order, or administrative change becomes effective. In other words, it is the date on which the amendment, order, or change is officially implemented and takes effect.

Explanation

The term "Effective Date" refers to the date on which a solicitation amendment, change order, or administrative change becomes effective. In other words, it is the date on which the amendment, order, or change is officially implemented and takes effect.

63. Cost Accounting Standards

Apply to all acquisitions for commercialitems

Apply only to commercialacquisitions from large business

Never apply to commercial acquisitions

Set of 19 standards and rules promulgated by the United States Government

The correct answer is "set of 19 standards and rules promulgated by the United States Government." Cost Accounting Standards refer to a specific set of regulations and guidelines established by the U.S. government. These standards are applicable to all types of acquisitions, including commercial items. They ensure consistency and accuracy in cost accounting practices, particularly for government contracts and procurement processes.

Explanation

The correct answer is "set of 19 standards and rules promulgated by the United States Government." Cost Accounting Standards refer to a specific set of regulations and guidelines established by the U.S. government. These standards are applicable to all types of acquisitions, including commercial items. They ensure consistency and accuracy in cost accounting practices, particularly for government contracts and procurement processes.

64. Which of the following are included in the definition of "contracts"?

Awards and notices of awards and grants

Letter contracts and cooperative agreements

Letter contracts and job orders issued under Basic Ordering Agreements

Blanket Purchase Agreements and lmprest Funds

The definition of "contracts" includes letter contracts and job orders issued under Basic Ordering Agreements. This means that these types of agreements are considered to be contracts according to the definition.

Explanation

The definition of "contracts" includes letter contracts and job orders issued under Basic Ordering Agreements. This means that these types of agreements are considered to be contracts according to the definition.

65. Which of the following is true concerning the use of simplified acquisition procedures?

Purchases above the micro-purchase !evel are generally set-aside for small business

They can be used in the acquisition of commercialitems without any limits

They cannot be employed when the Government-wide commercial purchase card is used

There is no requirement for competition

The correct answer is that purchases above the micro-purchase level are generally set-aside for small business. This means that when the government is making purchases above a certain dollar amount, they will typically prioritize small businesses for those contracts. This is done to promote competition and provide opportunities for small businesses to participate in government procurement.

Explanation

The correct answer is that purchases above the micro-purchase level are generally set-aside for small business. This means that when the government is making purchases above a certain dollar amount, they will typically prioritize small businesses for those contracts. This is done to promote competition and provide opportunities for small businesses to participate in government procurement.

66. Normally, testing and approval is appropriate in contracts for:

Research and Development

Products requiring qualifications before award

Products normally sold in commercial market

Products requiring an approved first article to serve as a manufacturing standard

Testing and approval is appropriate in contracts for products requiring an approved first article to serve as a manufacturing standard. This means that before the production of the product can begin, a sample or prototype known as the "first article" must be reviewed and approved by the buyer or the contracting party. This ensures that the product meets the required specifications and serves as a benchmark for future production. By testing and approving the first article, the contracting parties can establish a standard for quality and performance that subsequent products must meet.

Explanation

Testing and approval is appropriate in contracts for products requiring an approved first article to serve as a manufacturing standard. This means that before the production of the product can begin, a sample or prototype known as the "first article" must be reviewed and approved by the buyer or the contracting party. This ensures that the product meets the required specifications and serves as a benchmark for future production. By testing and approving the first article, the contracting parties can establish a standard for quality and performance that subsequent products must meet.

67. FAR 13.302-4 "Termination or cancellation of purchase orders." If the contractor accepts the cancellation and does not claim that costs were incurred as a result of beginning performance under the purchase order, then

No further action is required

The purchase order shall be considered canceled

The contracting officer shall process the termination action

Both a&b

If the contractor accepts the cancellation and does not claim that costs were incurred as a result of beginning performance under the purchase order, then both options a and b apply. This means that no further action is required and the purchase order shall be considered canceled.

Explanation

If the contractor accepts the cancellation and does not claim that costs were incurred as a result of beginning performance under the purchase order, then both options a and b apply. This means that no further action is required and the purchase order shall be considered canceled.

68. The Contractor is required to submit cost and pricing data for subcontracts that

Are awarded to first time subcontractors.

The contracting officer considers it necessary to adequately price the prime contract

Both a & c

The correct answer is "Both a & c". This means that the contractor is required to submit cost and pricing data for subcontracts that meet both conditions: they are either valued at more than $10,000,000 or valued at more than both the pertinent cost or pricing threshold and more than 10% of the prime contractor's price, and they are awarded to first-time subcontractors. Additionally, the contracting officer considers it necessary to adequately price the prime contract.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Both a & c". This means that the contractor is required to submit cost and pricing data for subcontracts that meet both conditions: they are either valued at more than $10,000,000 or valued at more than both the pertinent cost or pricing threshold and more than 10% of the prime contractor's price, and they are awarded to first-time subcontractors. Additionally, the contracting officer considers it necessary to adequately price the prime contract.

69. To the maximum extent practicable, acquisition officials should state all the following requirements with respect to an acquisition of supplies or services, with the exception of:

Functions to be performed '

Performance required

Essential physical characteristics

Preference for commercial or nondevelopmental items

Acquisition officials should state all the requirements related to an acquisition of supplies or services, such as the functions to be performed, performance required, and essential physical characteristics. However, they do not need to state a preference for commercial or nondevelopmental items. This means that the preference for commercial or nondevelopmental items is not a requirement that needs to be explicitly stated.

Explanation

Acquisition officials should state all the requirements related to an acquisition of supplies or services, such as the functions to be performed, performance required, and essential physical characteristics. However, they do not need to state a preference for commercial or nondevelopmental items. This means that the preference for commercial or nondevelopmental items is not a requirement that needs to be explicitly stated.

70. A protest based upon improprieties in a solicitation must be filed before bid opening or the closing date for receipt of proposals. In all other cases, protests must be filed

Within 5 days after a debriefing date to the other offerors

Within 15 days before the acceptance of offers

The correct answer is within ten (10) calendar days of the time the protester knew or should have known of the basis of the protest, whichever is earlier. This means that a protest must be filed within ten days of the time the protester becomes aware of the grounds for the protest. If the protester should have known earlier, the ten-day period still applies. This ensures that protests are filed in a timely manner and allows for a fair and efficient resolution of any issues with the solicitation.

Explanation

The correct answer is within ten (10) calendar days of the time the protester knew or should have known of the basis of the protest, whichever is earlier. This means that a protest must be filed within ten days of the time the protester becomes aware of the grounds for the protest. If the protester should have known earlier, the ten-day period still applies. This ensures that protests are filed in a timely manner and allows for a fair and efficient resolution of any issues with the solicitation.

71. In making an award that requires a subcontracting plan, the CO must:

Assure that a subcontract plan has been requested

In undefinitized instruments, require a draft plan within 90 days after award or before definitization, whichever occurs first

Ensure that an acceptable plan is made a material part of the contract

Delay the award if the SBA representative does not complete their review within 90 days

The CO must ensure that an acceptable subcontracting plan is made a material part of the contract. This means that the plan must be included in the contract and be enforceable by both parties. It is important for the CO to verify that the subcontracting plan meets the requirements and objectives set forth by the government. This ensures that the prime contractor will fulfill their obligations to subcontract a certain percentage of the work to small businesses or disadvantaged groups, as outlined in the plan.

Explanation

The CO must ensure that an acceptable subcontracting plan is made a material part of the contract. This means that the plan must be included in the contract and be enforceable by both parties. It is important for the CO to verify that the subcontracting plan meets the requirements and objectives set forth by the government. This ensures that the prime contractor will fulfill their obligations to subcontract a certain percentage of the work to small businesses or disadvantaged groups, as outlined in the plan.

72. A protest concerning small business representation:

Will not be considered for the instant award

May be considered timely whether filed before or after award if filed by an interested party

Is timely if filed by the next lowest bidder after award

May be considered timely if made orally if it is confirmed in writing within a 5-day period

This answer suggests that a protest concerning small business representation may be considered timely if it is initially made orally, but it must be confirmed in writing within a 5-day period. This means that the protest can be submitted verbally, but it must be followed up with a written confirmation within the specified time frame to be considered.

Explanation

This answer suggests that a protest concerning small business representation may be considered timely if it is initially made orally, but it must be confirmed in writing within a 5-day period. This means that the protest can be submitted verbally, but it must be followed up with a written confirmation within the specified time frame to be considered.

73. Does a $75,000 claim resulting from a reduction of $350,000 and an increase of $275,000 require certification

No, because the claimed amount is less than $100,000

Yes, because the aggregate value of the claim exceeds $100,000

No, because the claimed amount is less than $500,000

Yes, because the aggregate value of the claim exceeds $500,000

The correct answer is "Yes, because the aggregate value of the claim exceeds $100,000." This is because the reduction of $350,000 and the increase of $275,000 result in a total claim amount of $75,000, which is less than $100,000. Therefore, certification is required as the claimed amount does not exceed the threshold.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Yes, because the aggregate value of the claim exceeds $100,000." This is because the reduction of $350,000 and the increase of $275,000 result in a total claim amount of $75,000, which is less than $100,000. Therefore, certification is required as the claimed amount does not exceed the threshold.

74. Acceptable methods for disseminating information on proposed contract actions include:

Assisting local trade association in disseminating information to their members, announcements in magazines at no cost, phone calls

This answer is correct because it includes all of the acceptable methods for disseminating information on proposed contract actions. These methods include assisting local trade associations in disseminating information to their members, making announcements in magazines at no cost, and publishing a synopsis in the Government-wide point of entry. These methods ensure that the information reaches a wide audience and is accessible to potential contractors.

Explanation

This answer is correct because it includes all of the acceptable methods for disseminating information on proposed contract actions. These methods include assisting local trade associations in disseminating information to their members, making announcements in magazines at no cost, and publishing a synopsis in the Government-wide point of entry. These methods ensure that the information reaches a wide audience and is accessible to potential contractors.

75. Who can authorize continued performance in the face of a protest after award?

The Chief of the Contracting Office

The Contracting Officer, provided his findings are documented in the file

The Head of the Contracting Activity

The commanding officer

The Head of the Contracting Activity can authorize continued performance in the face of a protest after award. This individual has the authority to make decisions regarding contract management and can override a protest if they determine it is necessary to continue with the performance of the contract.

Explanation

The Head of the Contracting Activity can authorize continued performance in the face of a protest after award. This individual has the authority to make decisions regarding contract management and can override a protest if they determine it is necessary to continue with the performance of the contract.

76. FAR Part 6, Competition Requirements, applies to which of the following:

A $1M contract for construction

A contract awarded using the simplified acquisition procedures of Part 13

A $1M task order placed against a task order contract entered into pursuant to Subpart16.5

FAR Part 6, Competition Requirements, applies to a $1M contract for construction. This means that when awarding a $1M construction contract, the government must follow the competition requirements outlined in FAR Part 6. These requirements ensure that the contract is awarded in a fair and competitive manner, promoting transparency and preventing favoritism or unfair practices.

Explanation

FAR Part 6, Competition Requirements, applies to a $1M contract for construction. This means that when awarding a $1M construction contract, the government must follow the competition requirements outlined in FAR Part 6. These requirements ensure that the contract is awarded in a fair and competitive manner, promoting transparency and preventing favoritism or unfair practices.

77. FAR Part 25 consists of policies and procedures for the acquisition of foreign supplies and services which are covered by:

The Law of the Sea

The Buy American Act

The Foreign Acquisition Act

The Buy American Act,Trade Agreements and various other foreign agreements

The correct answer is The Buy American Act, Trade Agreements and various other foreign agreements. This is because FAR Part 25 covers policies and procedures for the acquisition of foreign supplies and services, and the Buy American Act requires that the government give preference to domestic products in its procurement. Additionally, trade agreements and foreign agreements may also impact the acquisition of foreign supplies and services.

Explanation

The correct answer is The Buy American Act, Trade Agreements and various other foreign agreements. This is because FAR Part 25 covers policies and procedures for the acquisition of foreign supplies and services, and the Buy American Act requires that the government give preference to domestic products in its procurement. Additionally, trade agreements and foreign agreements may also impact the acquisition of foreign supplies and services.

78. Exchanges of information among all interested parties are encouraged:

From the earliest identification of a requirement through receipt of proposals

From release of the RFP through receipt of proposals

From release of the synopsis through receipt of proposals

Throughout the acquisition process

Exchanges of information among all interested parties are encouraged from the earliest identification of a requirement through receipt of proposals. This means that from the very beginning of the process, when the requirement is identified, until the point when proposals are received, there should be open communication and information sharing between all parties involved. This ensures that all relevant information is shared and allows for a collaborative and transparent acquisition process.

Explanation

Exchanges of information among all interested parties are encouraged from the earliest identification of a requirement through receipt of proposals. This means that from the very beginning of the process, when the requirement is identified, until the point when proposals are received, there should be open communication and information sharing between all parties involved. This ensures that all relevant information is shared and allows for a collaborative and transparent acquisition process.

79. A system whereby the CO receives authorization from a fiscal and accounting officer to obligate funds on purchase documents against a specified lump sum of funds reserved for the purpose for a specified time rather than obtaining individual obligation authority on each purchase document is:

A blanket purchase agreement

Long lead funding

Bulk funding

Charge account

Bulk funding is a system in which the Contracting Officer (CO) receives authorization from a fiscal and accounting officer to obligate funds on purchase documents against a specified lump sum of funds reserved for a specified time. This means that instead of obtaining individual obligation authority on each purchase document, the CO can use the reserved funds for multiple purchases. This allows for more efficient and streamlined procurement processes.

Explanation

Bulk funding is a system in which the Contracting Officer (CO) receives authorization from a fiscal and accounting officer to obligate funds on purchase documents against a specified lump sum of funds reserved for a specified time. This means that instead of obtaining individual obligation authority on each purchase document, the CO can use the reserved funds for multiple purchases. This allows for more efficient and streamlined procurement processes.

80. The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act:

Addresses use of high technology ball bearings

Applies to construction contracts over $2,500

Requires that all manufacturing be accomplished outside the U.S.

Applies to applicable contracts exceeding $10,000

The correct answer is "Applies to applicable contracts exceeding $10,000." The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act is a federal law that sets minimum wage and working conditions for employees working on government contracts. It applies to contracts that exceed $10,000 and covers various industries, not just high technology ball bearings or construction contracts. There is no requirement that all manufacturing be accomplished outside the U.S.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Applies to applicable contracts exceeding $10,000." The Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act is a federal law that sets minimum wage and working conditions for employees working on government contracts. It applies to contracts that exceed $10,000 and covers various industries, not just high technology ball bearings or construction contracts. There is no requirement that all manufacturing be accomplished outside the U.S.

81. The Contracting officers shall consider all protests and seek legal advice

Only if protests are received after award and filed directly with the agency

Only if the protest is received prior to award and filed directly with the GeneralAccountability Office (GAO)

Whether protests are submitted before or after award

Whether protests are submitted before or after award and whether filed directly with theGeneral Accountability Office (GAO) or the agency

The correct answer is whether protests are submitted before or after award and whether filed directly with the General Accountability Office (GAO) or the agency. This answer encompasses all possible scenarios in which protests can be received and filed, both before and after award, and with either the GAO or the agency. It indicates that the contracting officers will consider all protests and seek legal advice regardless of when and where the protests are submitted.

Explanation

The correct answer is whether protests are submitted before or after award and whether filed directly with the General Accountability Office (GAO) or the agency. This answer encompasses all possible scenarios in which protests can be received and filed, both before and after award, and with either the GAO or the agency. It indicates that the contracting officers will consider all protests and seek legal advice regardless of when and where the protests are submitted.

82. A qualification requirement is a Government requirement for

Testing or other quality assurance demonstration that must be completed before award

Testing that must be completed before the first item is delivered under the contract

Testing or other quality assurance demonstration that is always at the contractor's expense

Approving a contractor's quality system

The correct answer is "Testing or other quality assurance demonstration that must be completed before award". This means that before a contract is awarded to a contractor, they must complete testing or provide evidence of quality assurance to demonstrate their capabilities and ensure that they meet the necessary requirements. This requirement is important to ensure that the contractor is capable of delivering the desired quality and meeting the standards set by the government.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Testing or other quality assurance demonstration that must be completed before award". This means that before a contract is awarded to a contractor, they must complete testing or provide evidence of quality assurance to demonstrate their capabilities and ensure that they meet the necessary requirements. This requirement is important to ensure that the contractor is capable of delivering the desired quality and meeting the standards set by the government.

83. Contract delivery or performance may be expressed by:

The means determined by the requiring activity

Specific number of days from the date of the contract

Specific time for delivery after receipt by the buyer of each order under the contract

Any means the contractor specified in its bid or proposal

Contract delivery or performance may be expressed by a specific number of days from the date of the contract. This means that the contract will specify a certain number of days within which the delivery or performance of the contract must be completed. This provides a clear and objective timeline for both parties involved in the contract. It allows for proper planning and ensures that the delivery or performance is completed within a reasonable timeframe.

Explanation

Contract delivery or performance may be expressed by a specific number of days from the date of the contract. This means that the contract will specify a certain number of days within which the delivery or performance of the contract must be completed. This provides a clear and objective timeline for both parties involved in the contract. It allows for proper planning and ensures that the delivery or performance is completed within a reasonable timeframe.

84. The CO shall set aside a portion of an acquisition, except for construction, for exclusive small business participation when:

A set-aside is not appropriate

The requirement is not severable into two or more economic production runs or reasonable lots

The acquisition is subject to simplified acquisition procedures

The requirement is severable into two or more economic production runs

The correct answer is that the requirement is severable into two or more economic production runs. This means that the acquisition can be divided into separate parts or phases that can be produced or completed independently. By doing so, it allows for small businesses to participate in each production run, increasing their opportunities for involvement in the acquisition.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the requirement is severable into two or more economic production runs. This means that the acquisition can be divided into separate parts or phases that can be produced or completed independently. By doing so, it allows for small businesses to participate in each production run, increasing their opportunities for involvement in the acquisition.

85. A contract auditor is responsible for

Auditing the policies and procedures between the various agencies

Auditing a specific agencies procedures and reporting any discrepancies to the requesting activity

Submitting info and advice to the requesting activity on contractors accounting records,financial and cost control system

Auditing whatever the Government requests

The correct answer is "Submitting info and advice to the requesting activity on contractors accounting records, financial and cost control system." This answer aligns with the role of a contract auditor in providing information and guidance to the requesting activity regarding the accounting records, financial management, and cost control system of contractors. The other options, such as auditing policies and procedures between agencies or auditing whatever the government requests, do not specifically address the responsibility of a contract auditor in providing information and advice on contractors' financial and accounting matters.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Submitting info and advice to the requesting activity on contractors accounting records, financial and cost control system." This answer aligns with the role of a contract auditor in providing information and guidance to the requesting activity regarding the accounting records, financial management, and cost control system of contractors. The other options, such as auditing policies and procedures between agencies or auditing whatever the government requests, do not specifically address the responsibility of a contract auditor in providing information and advice on contractors' financial and accounting matters.

86. Options for increased quantities of supplies/services may NOT be expressed in terms of:

Percentage of specific line items

Increase in specific line items

Additional numbered line items

A range of quantities for various line items

The options provided in the question are all possible ways to express increased quantities of supplies/services, except for a range of quantities for various line items. This means that you cannot express a range of quantities for different specific line items.

Explanation

The options provided in the question are all possible ways to express increased quantities of supplies/services, except for a range of quantities for various line items. This means that you cannot express a range of quantities for different specific line items.

87. Which of the following concerning descriptive literature is true?

Contracting officers haye complete discretion in requiring descriptive literature

The contracting officer may waive the requirement for descriptive literature

Descriptive literature is the same as a bid sample

Unsolicited descriptive literature shall always be disregarded

The correct answer is that the contracting officer may waive the requirement for descriptive literature. This means that the contracting officer has the authority to decide whether or not to require descriptive literature from potential contractors. They have the discretion to waive this requirement if they deem it unnecessary or if the circumstances of the procurement do not warrant it. This gives the contracting officer flexibility in the procurement process.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the contracting officer may waive the requirement for descriptive literature. This means that the contracting officer has the authority to decide whether or not to require descriptive literature from potential contractors. They have the discretion to waive this requirement if they deem it unnecessary or if the circumstances of the procurement do not warrant it. This gives the contracting officer flexibility in the procurement process.

88. A contract should not normally be terminated for convenience but should be permitted to run to completion when the price of the undelivered balance of the contract is less than:

$25,000

$1,000

$5,000

$10,000

When the price of the undelivered balance of the contract is less than $5,000, it is not advisable to terminate the contract for convenience. This suggests that terminating the contract in such a scenario would not be cost-effective or beneficial. It is more reasonable to allow the contract to run its course and be completed.

Explanation

When the price of the undelivered balance of the contract is less than $5,000, it is not advisable to terminate the contract for convenience. This suggests that terminating the contract in such a scenario would not be cost-effective or beneficial. It is more reasonable to allow the contract to run its course and be completed.

89. Contracting activities shall employ simplified acquisition procedures to the maximum extent practicable for acquisitions of commercial items not exceeding:

$1,000,000

$650,000

$5,500,000

$3,500,000

Contracting activities shall employ simplified acquisition procedures to the maximum extent practicable for acquisitions of commercial items not exceeding $5,500,000. This means that for acquisitions of commercial items below this threshold, simplified acquisition procedures should be used whenever possible. Simplified acquisition procedures are less complex and time-consuming than other acquisition methods, making them more efficient for smaller purchases. By utilizing these procedures, contracting activities can streamline the acquisition process and save time and resources.

Explanation

Contracting activities shall employ simplified acquisition procedures to the maximum extent practicable for acquisitions of commercial items not exceeding $5,500,000. This means that for acquisitions of commercial items below this threshold, simplified acquisition procedures should be used whenever possible. Simplified acquisition procedures are less complex and time-consuming than other acquisition methods, making them more efficient for smaller purchases. By utilizing these procedures, contracting activities can streamline the acquisition process and save time and resources.

90. A contract entered into between the General Services Administration and a utility supplier to cover utility service need of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of the supplier is what kind of contract?

Franchise

Utility

Area-wide

Informal

A contract that covers the utility service needs of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of a utility supplier is known as an area-wide contract. This type of contract is specifically designed to provide utility services to a wide area or region, ensuring that all Federal agencies within the specified territory are covered.

Explanation

A contract that covers the utility service needs of Federal agencies within the franchise territory of a utility supplier is known as an area-wide contract. This type of contract is specifically designed to provide utility services to a wide area or region, ensuring that all Federal agencies within the specified territory are covered.

91. All of the following are true concerning Project Wage Determinations EXCEPT:

They are issued at the specific request of a contracting agency

They are effective for 90 calendar days from the date of determination

They are used only when no general wage determination applies

They apply only to the contracts for which they were issued

The correct answer is "They are effective for 90 calendar days from the date of determination." This statement is false because project wage determinations are actually effective for the duration of the contract for which they were issued, not just for 90 calendar days.

Explanation

The correct answer is "They are effective for 90 calendar days from the date of determination." This statement is false because project wage determinations are actually effective for the duration of the contract for which they were issued, not just for 90 calendar days.

92. Supplemental agreements are used to:

Issue change orders

Issue termination notices

Definitized letter contracts

Make administrative changes

Supplemental agreements are used to definitize letter contracts. A letter contract is a preliminary agreement that authorizes the contractor to begin work before a formal contract is negotiated and finalized. A definitized letter contract is the process of converting the letter contract into a formal, binding agreement. This is done by negotiating and agreeing upon all the terms and conditions, including the scope of work, price, and delivery schedule. Therefore, the use of supplemental agreements is necessary to finalize and formalize the terms of a letter contract, making it a definitized letter contract.

Explanation

Supplemental agreements are used to definitize letter contracts. A letter contract is a preliminary agreement that authorizes the contractor to begin work before a formal contract is negotiated and finalized. A definitized letter contract is the process of converting the letter contract into a formal, binding agreement. This is done by negotiating and agreeing upon all the terms and conditions, including the scope of work, price, and delivery schedule. Therefore, the use of supplemental agreements is necessary to finalize and formalize the terms of a letter contract, making it a definitized letter contract.

93. The contracting officer's certification can serve as approval of the justification for other than full and open competition for a proposed contract NOT exceeding

$25,000

$550,000

1,500,000

$5,500,000

The contracting officer's certification can serve as approval of the justification for other than full and open competition for a proposed contract NOT exceeding $550,000. This means that if the proposed contract is below $550,000, the contracting officer's certification can be used as approval for not conducting a full and open competition. However, if the proposed contract exceeds $550,000, a different approval process or justification would be required.

Explanation

The contracting officer's certification can serve as approval of the justification for other than full and open competition for a proposed contract NOT exceeding $550,000. This means that if the proposed contract is below $550,000, the contracting officer's certification can be used as approval for not conducting a full and open competition. However, if the proposed contract exceeds $550,000, a different approval process or justification would be required.

94. Which of the following is an example of a contract under which contractors could be authorized to use Government supply sources?

Government firm-fixed price contract

Contract under the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act

A negotiated contract with a contractor that has no other Government cost-reimbursement type contracts

Time and materials contracts for repair of commercial equipment

The Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act is a federal law that promotes employment opportunities for people who are blind or have other significant disabilities. Under this act, contracts can be awarded to qualified nonprofit agencies that employ individuals with disabilities to provide products and services to the government. Therefore, a contract under the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act would authorize contractors to use government supply sources.

Explanation

The Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act is a federal law that promotes employment opportunities for people who are blind or have other significant disabilities. Under this act, contracts can be awarded to qualified nonprofit agencies that employ individuals with disabilities to provide products and services to the government. Therefore, a contract under the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act would authorize contractors to use government supply sources.

95. The acquisition strategy tailored to a particular major system acquisition shall be developed by the

Contracting officer

Program manager

Head of a Contracting Activity

Acquisition manager

The program manager is responsible for developing the acquisition strategy tailored to a particular major system acquisition. This is because the program manager has the knowledge and expertise in understanding the specific requirements and objectives of the acquisition. They are also responsible for overseeing the entire acquisition process and ensuring that it aligns with the program's goals and objectives. The program manager works closely with the contracting officer and other stakeholders to develop a comprehensive acquisition strategy that meets the needs of the program.

Explanation

The program manager is responsible for developing the acquisition strategy tailored to a particular major system acquisition. This is because the program manager has the knowledge and expertise in understanding the specific requirements and objectives of the acquisition. They are also responsible for overseeing the entire acquisition process and ensuring that it aligns with the program's goals and objectives. The program manager works closely with the contracting officer and other stakeholders to develop a comprehensive acquisition strategy that meets the needs of the program.

96. Which of the following is a Commercialitem?

A commercialitem which has been minimally modified to meet Government requirements

An item that evolved from an item which has not been sold to the general public

An item that has been offered, to the general public

A nondevelopmental item used exclusively for governmental purposes

A commercial item refers to a product or service that is available in the marketplace and is sold to the general public. In this case, the correct answer is "A commercial item which has been minimally modified to meet Government requirements." This means that the item is originally a commercial product but has undergone minimal modifications to meet the specific needs or requirements of the government.

Explanation

A commercial item refers to a product or service that is available in the marketplace and is sold to the general public. In this case, the correct answer is "A commercial item which has been minimally modified to meet Government requirements." This means that the item is originally a commercial product but has undergone minimal modifications to meet the specific needs or requirements of the government.

97. Which of the following is NOT true with regard to production surveillance?

. In conducting production surveillam;e, the CAO personnel are prohibited from using contractor production control or data management systems

The purpose of production surveillance is to determine contractor progress and to identifyany factors that may delay performance

Surveillance should be tailored to the risk involved

The correct answer is that CAO personnel are prohibited from using contractor production control or data management systems. This means that during production surveillance, CAO personnel are not allowed to access or use the systems that the contractor uses to control and manage their production. This is likely to ensure independence and prevent any potential conflicts of interest or bias in the surveillance process.

Explanation

The correct answer is that CAO personnel are prohibited from using contractor production control or data management systems. This means that during production surveillance, CAO personnel are not allowed to access or use the systems that the contractor uses to control and manage their production. This is likely to ensure independence and prevent any potential conflicts of interest or bias in the surveillance process.

98. There are two value engineering approaches, the:

Contractor approach and the Government program

Government approach and the contractor program

Incentive approach and the mandatory program

Mandatory approach and the incentive program

The correct answer is the incentive approach and the mandatory program. This means that there are two approaches to value engineering: one that involves providing incentives for implementing value engineering, and another that makes it mandatory to follow a value engineering program.

Explanation

The correct answer is the incentive approach and the mandatory program. This means that there are two approaches to value engineering: one that involves providing incentives for implementing value engineering, and another that makes it mandatory to follow a value engineering program.

99. What is the dollar threshold for public announcement of contract awards?

$500,000

$3,500,000

$5,000,000

$10,000,000

The dollar threshold for public announcement of contract awards is $3,500,000. This means that any contract awarded for an amount equal to or greater than $3,500,000 must be publicly announced. Contracts below this threshold may not require public announcement.

Explanation

The dollar threshold for public announcement of contract awards is $3,500,000. This means that any contract awarded for an amount equal to or greater than $3,500,000 must be publicly announced. Contracts below this threshold may not require public announcement.

100. Which of the following contract types may be used with Sealed Bidding procedures?

Cost-Plus-Fixed Fee

Firm-Fixed-Price and sometimes fixed-price with economic price adjustment.

Any within the family of Fixed-Price contract types

Firm-Fixed-Price only

Sealed Bidding procedures typically involve a competitive bidding process where the contract is awarded to the bidder with the lowest price. In this type of procedure, the contract type that is commonly used is Firm-Fixed-Price, where the price is predetermined and does not change. However, in some cases, a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment may also be used. This type of contract allows for adjustments to the price based on specified economic factors, such as inflation or changes in labor costs. Therefore, the correct answer is Firm-Fixed-Price and sometimes fixed-price with economic price adjustment.

Explanation

Sealed Bidding procedures typically involve a competitive bidding process where the contract is awarded to the bidder with the lowest price. In this type of procedure, the contract type that is commonly used is Firm-Fixed-Price, where the price is predetermined and does not change. However, in some cases, a fixed-price contract with economic price adjustment may also be used. This type of contract allows for adjustments to the price based on specified economic factors, such as inflation or changes in labor costs. Therefore, the correct answer is Firm-Fixed-Price and sometimes fixed-price with economic price adjustment.

101. The head of the agency may waive the applicability of CAS for a particular contract or subcontract when one of the conditions exists:

The contract or subcontract is less than $7.5 million, primarily engaged in the sale of commercial items

The correct answer is that the contract or subcontract is less than $15M, primarily engaged in the sale of commercial items and has no contracts/subcontracts subject to CAS. This means that if a contract or subcontract meets these criteria, the head of the agency has the authority to waive the applicability of CAS.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the contract or subcontract is less than $15M, primarily engaged in the sale of commercial items and has no contracts/subcontracts subject to CAS. This means that if a contract or subcontract meets these criteria, the head of the agency has the authority to waive the applicability of CAS.

102. Generally, purchases and leases made by the Federal Government are

Subject to state and local taxation

Immune from state and local taxation

Eligible for state and local tax rebates

Subject to taxation only in states with Value Added Tax

The correct answer is "subject to taxation only in states with Value Added Tax". This means that purchases and leases made by the Federal Government are only taxed in states that have a Value Added Tax (VAT) system. In other states that do not have a VAT, these purchases and leases are not subject to any state or local taxation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "subject to taxation only in states with Value Added Tax". This means that purchases and leases made by the Federal Government are only taxed in states that have a Value Added Tax (VAT) system. In other states that do not have a VAT, these purchases and leases are not subject to any state or local taxation.

103. Performance-based payments shall be used only:

When the contracting officer and the offeror are able to agree on the performance-based payment terrns

When the contract is a fixed-price type Contract

When the contract does not provide for other methods of contract financing

When all of the above conditions are metwhen all of the above conditions are met

Performance-based payments can only be used when all of the mentioned conditions are met. This means that the contracting officer and the offeror must agree on the terms of the performance-based payment. Additionally, the contract must be a fixed-price type contract and should not provide for any other methods of contract financing. Therefore, when all of these conditions are met, performance-based payments can be utilized.

Explanation

Performance-based payments can only be used when all of the mentioned conditions are met. This means that the contracting officer and the offeror must agree on the terms of the performance-based payment. Additionally, the contract must be a fixed-price type contract and should not provide for any other methods of contract financing. Therefore, when all of these conditions are met, performance-based payments can be utilized.

104. Cost Accounting Standards Board rules and regulations apply to

Negotiated contracts and subcontracts

Sealed bid contracts

Contracts with small business concerns

Bridge contracts

Cost Accounting Standards Board rules and regulations apply to sealed bid contracts. Sealed bid contracts are a type of procurement method in which the buyer requests bids from potential suppliers and selects the supplier with the lowest bid. These contracts are typically used for straightforward purchases of goods or services, and the price is the primary consideration in the selection process. The Cost Accounting Standards Board rules and regulations ensure that the costs incurred by the supplier in fulfilling the contract are reasonable and allocated correctly. This helps to promote fairness and transparency in the procurement process and prevents any potential for cost mischarging or overcharging.

Explanation

Cost Accounting Standards Board rules and regulations apply to sealed bid contracts. Sealed bid contracts are a type of procurement method in which the buyer requests bids from potential suppliers and selects the supplier with the lowest bid. These contracts are typically used for straightforward purchases of goods or services, and the price is the primary consideration in the selection process. The Cost Accounting Standards Board rules and regulations ensure that the costs incurred by the supplier in fulfilling the contract are reasonable and allocated correctly. This helps to promote fairness and transparency in the procurement process and prevents any potential for cost mischarging or overcharging.

105. When a requirement in this Part 36 is inconsistent with a requirement in another part of this regulation,

This Part 36 shall take precedence

Other parts of the regulation will take precedence over this Part 36

This Part 36 shall take precedence if the acquisition of construction or architect-engineeringservices is involved

When there is an inconsistency between a requirement in Part 36 and a requirement in another part of the regulation, the other parts of the regulation will have priority over Part 36. However, if the acquisition of construction or architect-engineering services is involved, Part 36 will take precedence.

Explanation

When there is an inconsistency between a requirement in Part 36 and a requirement in another part of the regulation, the other parts of the regulation will have priority over Part 36. However, if the acquisition of construction or architect-engineering services is involved, Part 36 will take precedence.

106. The Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act requires:

The correct answer states that it is unlawful to induce any person employed in the construction or repair of public buildings or public works, financed in whole or in part by the U.S., to give up any part of the compensation to which that person is entitled under a contract of employment. This means that it is illegal to pressure or force employees to sacrifice any portion of their rightful compensation as stated in their employment contract. This provision ensures that workers are protected and receive the full compensation they are entitled to for their work on government-funded projects.

Explanation

The correct answer states that it is unlawful to induce any person employed in the construction or repair of public buildings or public works, financed in whole or in part by the U.S., to give up any part of the compensation to which that person is entitled under a contract of employment. This means that it is illegal to pressure or force employees to sacrifice any portion of their rightful compensation as stated in their employment contract. This provision ensures that workers are protected and receive the full compensation they are entitled to for their work on government-funded projects.

107. Protests may be filed with:

Either the Agency or the General Accountability Office

Either the contracting officer or the United States Court of Federal Claims

Small Claims Court for awards under the Simplified Acquisition Threshold

The correct answer is either the contracting officer or the United States Court of Federal Claims. This means that if someone wants to file a protest, they can do so either with the contracting officer or with the United States Court of Federal Claims. They have the option to choose between these two entities to file their protest.

Explanation

The correct answer is either the contracting officer or the United States Court of Federal Claims. This means that if someone wants to file a protest, they can do so either with the contracting officer or with the United States Court of Federal Claims. They have the option to choose between these two entities to file their protest.

108. Unless otherwise provided in section 12.207(b), agencies shall use which of the following contract type(s) for the acquisition of commercialitems:

Any type of contract

Fixed-price contract with prospective price redetermination

Firm-fixed-price or fixed-price with economic price adjustment contracts

Cost plus incentive fee contracts only

The correct answer is "Cost plus incentive fee contracts only" because the question asks for the contract type(s) that agencies shall use for the acquisition of commercial items. The other options mentioned, such as any type of contract, fixed-price contract with prospective price redetermination, and firm-fixed-price or fixed-price with economic price adjustment contracts, are not specifically mentioned as the required contract types for commercial items. Therefore, the correct answer is cost plus incentive fee contracts only.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Cost plus incentive fee contracts only" because the question asks for the contract type(s) that agencies shall use for the acquisition of commercial items. The other options mentioned, such as any type of contract, fixed-price contract with prospective price redetermination, and firm-fixed-price or fixed-price with economic price adjustment contracts, are not specifically mentioned as the required contract types for commercial items. Therefore, the correct answer is cost plus incentive fee contracts only.