Quiz: Cardiac Vascular Nursing Exam! Trivia

1. Match the following

Bradycardia

Tachycardia

Arrhythmia

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2. Match the ECG wave with what is represents

T Wave

P Wave

QRS Complex

Repolarization of atria also occurs at the beginning of the QRS complex, but its not actually shown because it is dwarfed by the depolarization of the ventricles.

Explanation

Repolarization of atria also occurs at the beginning of the QRS complex, but its not actually shown because it is dwarfed by the depolarization of the ventricles.

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3. Heart rate decreases as we age

True

False

4. Pulmonary circulation has lower pressure and lower resistance when compared to systemic circulation

True

False

Only needs to pump to lungs

Explanation

Only needs to pump to lungs

5. Action potentials in the heart follow which of the following paths1. AV node ---> SA node ---> Bundle of HIS ----> Purkinje fibers ------------2. Purkinje fibers ---> Bundle of HIS ---> SA node ---> AV node -------------3. SA node --> AV node --> Bundle of HIS ---> Purkinje fibers ---------------4. SA node --> Bundle of HIS --> AV node ---> Purkinje fibers ----------------

1

2

3

4

6. A positive dromotropic effect would

Increase conduction velocity through AV node

Decrease conduction velocity through AV node

Increase heart rate

Decrease heart rate

Dromotropic effects are on conduction velocity, not heart rate.

Explanation

Dromotropic effects are on conduction velocity, not heart rate.

7. The first heart sound (Lub) corresponds to

Opening of the AV valves

Closure of the Semilunar valves

Closure of the AV valves

Opening of the Semilunar valves

No sound is made with the opening of the AV valves, only the closing of them.

Explanation

No sound is made with the opening of the AV valves, only the closing of them.

8. Which of the following would increase stroke volume? (Select 3)

Increased preload

Increased contractility of the heart

Increased afterload

Decreased afterload

Decreased preload

A higher afterload creates more pressure against the contraction of the heart resulting in a decreased stroke volume. Increased preload increases stroke volume because of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart (more muscle is stretched, the greater the force of contraction)

Explanation

A higher afterload creates more pressure against the contraction of the heart resulting in a decreased stroke volume. Increased preload increases stroke volume because of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart (more muscle is stretched, the greater the force of contraction)

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9. During isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation

All valves are closed

All valves are open

AV valves are closed but semilunar are open

AV valves are open but semilunar are closed

Isovolumetric - No change in volume, all valves must be closed.

Explanation

Isovolumetric - No change in volume, all valves must be closed.

10. The SA node's auto rhythmic rate of firing would give us a heart rate of 100 bpm. The reason the average resting heart rate is lower than this (around 72 bpm) is due to

A positive dromotropic effect

A positive chronotropic effect

Increased Parasympathetic input

Increased Sympathetic input

Sympathetic input and Positive chronotropic effect increase heart rate. Positive dromotropic effect increases conduction velocity. Only parasympathetic input would reduce the heart rate.

Explanation

Sympathetic input and Positive chronotropic effect increase heart rate. Positive dromotropic effect increases conduction velocity. Only parasympathetic input would reduce the heart rate.

11. Atrial depolarization begins at the

SA node

AV node

Bundle of HIS

Purkinje Fibers

12. The plateau of a cardiac action potential is due to

Inward flow of calcium

Outward flow of calcium

Inward flow of potassium

Outward flow of potassium

13. A patients end diastolic volume (EDV) is 120 ml and their end systolic volume is 50 ml, what is the patients stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) if they have a heart rate of 65 bpm

SV = 70 ml, CO = 4.55 L/min

SV = 70ml, CO = 45.5 L/min

SV = 60 ml, CO = 6.5 L/min

SV = 50ml, CO = 3.25 L/min

SV = EDV - ESV = 120 - 50 = 70ml.
CO = SV x BPM (in liters) = 0.07 L x 65 BPM = 4.55 L/min........****SV is in ml, CO is in L/min

Explanation

SV = EDV - ESV = 120 - 50 = 70ml.
CO = SV x BPM (in liters) = 0.07 L x 65 BPM = 4.55 L/min........****SV is in ml, CO is in L/min

14. A lower ventricular end diastolic volume will create a greater stroke volume (all other things held constant)

True

False

A higher ventricular end diastolic volume will create a greater stroke volume because of the increased stretching of the heart.

Explanation

A higher ventricular end diastolic volume will create a greater stroke volume because of the increased stretching of the heart.

15. Out of the 6 precordial chest lead positions, only one of them is on the right side of the heart.

True

False

Slide 20

Explanation

Slide 20

16. A cardiac ECG wave segment is the same as an interval

True

False

Specifics are unknown....just know they are not the same thing.

Explanation

Specifics are unknown....just know they are not the same thing.

17. Ventricular depolarization spreads from ________ to _________ and would be located at the _____ segment of an ECG/EKG

Epicardial surface, endocardial surface, QRS complex

Endocardial surface, epicardial surface, QRS complex

Endocardial surface, epicardial surface, PR interval

Epicardial surface, endocardial surface, PR interval

The heart depolarization occurs from inside to out-- from the endocardial surface (inside of the heart), through the wall, then to the epicardial surface (outer surface of the heart). REpolarization occurs in the opposite direction (epicardial --> endocardial)

Explanation

The heart depolarization occurs from inside to out-- from the endocardial surface (inside of the heart), through the wall, then to the epicardial surface (outer surface of the heart). REpolarization occurs in the opposite direction (epicardial --> endocardial)

18. Conduction velocity in the heart

Is fastest in AV node

Is faster in the Bundle of His than in the Purkinje Fibers

Is faster in the AV node than in the Bundle of His

Is faster in the Purkinje fiber system than in the AV node

Conduction velocity slows at the AV node (0.5 m/sec), then speeds up in the Bundle of His (2 m/sec), then speeds up again in the Purkinje fibers to (4 m/sec)

Explanation

Conduction velocity slows at the AV node (0.5 m/sec), then speeds up in the Bundle of His (2 m/sec), then speeds up again in the Purkinje fibers to (4 m/sec)

19. A heart attack would best be detected at the _____ portion on an ECG

QRS complex

PR interval

ST segment

P segment

Elevation of the ST segment is often indicative of heart injury or ischemia (inadequate blood supply to the heart). In a heart attack, the ST segment will lower over time closer to physiological norms.

Explanation

Elevation of the ST segment is often indicative of heart injury or ischemia (inadequate blood supply to the heart). In a heart attack, the ST segment will lower over time closer to physiological norms.

20. A heart murmur heard in systole could be (Select 2)

Aortic Stenosis

Mitral Regurgitation

Mitral Stenosis

Aortic Regurgitation

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21. An increase in NE will result in

Larger ejection fraction

Smaller ejection fraction

Larger EDV (end diastolic volume)

Decreased myocardial contraction

NE is a positive Inotropic factor (and is sympathetic) so it will increase heart contractility, decrease EDV (because of increased heart rate reducing the diastolic filling time), and increase stroke volume.

Explanation

NE is a positive Inotropic factor (and is sympathetic) so it will increase heart contractility, decrease EDV (because of increased heart rate reducing the diastolic filling time), and increase stroke volume.

22. If a doctor places his stethoscope at the level of the 2nd intercostal space (on both the right and left side of the sternum), what sound is he trying to hear most clearly?

Closure of the semilunar valves

Closure of the AV valves

Closure of the bicuspid valve

Opening of the semilunar valves

This location is ideal for hearing the closure of the semilunar valves. The closing of the semilunar valves would also be the second heart sound (dub).

Explanation

This location is ideal for hearing the closure of the semilunar valves. The closing of the semilunar valves would also be the second heart sound (dub).

23. Match the following

Positive Chromotropic Effect

Negative Chromotropic Effect

Positive Dromotropic Effect

Negative Dromotropic Effect

Positive Inotropic Agent

Negative Inotropic Agent

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