Cardiovascular Test

Vascular is from the Latin word vasculum, meaning _______.

The heart that provides the motive force to move blood through the _______ system.

The heart is located in the mediastinal cavity of the _____ between the lungs and beneath the sternum.

In this biological pump, the muscles of the _______ walls provide the motive force,

The ______ of the heart direct the flow of blood.

The ______ vessels of the heart convey blood to and from body tissues.

Most of the great vessels, the pulmonary trunk, the _____, and the superior vena cava, emerge upward from the base of the heart.

The period of contraction is known as _______.

During systole, the heart pumps blood out through the _______.

The period of relaxation is known as ________.

One complete sequence of filling and pumping blood is called a ______ cycle, or heartbeat.

The heart's rhythm of contraction is controlled by the sinoatrial node (SA node), often called the _________.

This node is part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system, which is made up of specialized myocardial cells called ______ cells.

The automatic nature of the heartbeat is referred to as _______.

Automaticity is due to the spontaneous _______ activity of the SA node.

The ________ system initiates and coordinates the muscular activity of the heart.

The blood vessels, or ________ system, of the human body form a closed delivery/pickup system that begins and ends with the heart.

The three types of blood vessels are _______, ________, and _______.

Each blood vessel consists of a layered wall surrounding a central blood-containing space, or _______.

The vessels of the _______ and _______ circuits carry blood to the tissues of the entire body.

In the ________ circuit, blood takes up oxygen in the lungs.

In the _______ circuit, oxygenated blood is distributed to body tissues.

Capillaries make possible the exchange of _______ between blood and interstitial fluid.

________ open and close to regulate the flow of blood through capillary beds

The crucial exchange of substances required for cellular ______ takes place through the capillary endothelium, which allows cells of the various tissues to take up oxygen and nutrients and to expel carbon dioxide and wastes.

Heart ________ generate blood pressure, the fluid pressure that blood exerts against vessel walls.

Normal blood pressure in adults is ____ mm Hg/____ mm Hg (systolic/diastolic), when measured at the brachial artery in the arm, the standard point of reference.

Blood pressure is highest in ______ and lowest in _______.

In the systemic circuit, the _____________ half of the heart pumps __________ blood to all body tissues, and then _________ blood flows back to the heart.

In the pulmonary circuit, the __________ half of the heart pumps __________ blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then _____________ blood flows back to the heart.

In which of the following blood vessels would you expect to find a systolic blood pressure

At the arteriole end of a capillary, O₂ is being delivered to the interstitial fluid/tissue cells, as are essential nutrients like amino acids and glucose. At the venule end of the same capillary, CO₂ is being picked up from the interstitial fluid/tissue cells, as is ammonia. This capillary bed is probably part of the  _______ circuit.

Normal resting blood pressure is 120 mmHg/80mmHg. The higher number is the _______ pressure, the pressure recorded in an artery when the left ventricle contracts. The lower number is the _______ pressure, the pressure recorded in an artery when the left ventricle relaxes.

The left _______ and the left _______ are the two heart chambers that pump oxygenated blood?

An electrocardiogram is a graphic illustration of the __________.

The ______ and the ______ venae cavae bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

The _______ valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

The _______ trunk brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The _______ valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.

The Interatrial ______ separates the right and left atria.

During relaxation of the left _____, blood enters this chamber through the pulmonary _____.

The average cardiac cycle, or heartbeat, lasts ____ seconds.

The _____ is the heart component with the fastest rate of spontaneous depolarization and acts as the heart's pacemaker.

The _ ____ of the ECG represents atrial depolarization, which results in atrial systole.

The chambers of the heart alternately contract and relax in a rhythmic cycle.

• True

• False

All the living cells of the body come in contact with blood vessels and, at capillary interfaces, life-sustaining substances move into and out of these microscopic vessels.

• True

• False

During the period of relaxation (diastole), the heart fills with blood.

• True

• False

The heart will continue to beat, even outside the body, as long as its cells are alive.

• True

• False