Cardiopulmonary Quiz 1 Practice

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  • 1/39 Questions

    The best term to describe when the length of muscle fibers remain constant (velocity of shortening is 0)

    • Eccentric Contraction
    • Isometric Contraction
    • Isotonic Contraction
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Cardiopulmonary Quiz 1 Practice - Quiz
About This Quiz

Cardiac and pulmonary diseases are conditions that affect the lungs and heart. Over the week we have been able to cover some aspects of the cardiovascular system and the cardiopulmonary quiz one is designed to keep your mind fresh on what we learnt. Give it a shot and good luck!

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  • 2. 

    True or False. Boyles Law P1V1 = P2V2 is applicable in the lungs only so far as it transitionally acts as a closed container

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Boyle's Law states that the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at a constant temperature. In the context of the lungs, when we inhale, the volume of the lungs increases, causing a decrease in pressure, which allows air to flow into the lungs. Similarly, when we exhale, the volume of the lungs decreases, causing an increase in pressure, which forces air out of the lungs. Therefore, Boyle's Law is applicable in the lungs as they act as a closed container during the process of breathing.

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  • 3. 

    Flow is calculated by

    • Pressure divided by resistance

    • Resistance divided by pressure

    Correct Answer
    A. Pressure divided by resistance
    Explanation
    P=QR Pressure=Flow*Resistance

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  • 4. 

    Which one of the following DOES NOT influence the strength of muscle contraction

    • Frequency of Stimulation

    • Thickness of each muscle Fiber

    • The initial length of the muscle fiber

    • All of the above influence the strength of muscle contraction

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above influence the strength of muscle contraction
    Explanation
    All of the factors mentioned in the options (frequency of stimulation, thickness of each muscle fiber, and the initial length of the muscle fiber) influence the strength of muscle contraction. The frequency of stimulation determines the rate at which muscle fibers contract, and a higher frequency leads to stronger contractions. The thickness of each muscle fiber affects the number of myofibrils present, which in turn affects the force generated during contraction. The initial length of the muscle fiber also plays a role as it affects the overlap of actin and myosin filaments, which impacts the force generated. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the strength of muscle contraction.

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  • 5. 

    This type of muscle is nonstriated and innervated by the autonomic nervouse sytem

    • Skeletal Muscle

    • Cardiac Muscle

    • Smooth Muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Smooth Muscle
    Explanation
    Smooth muscle is the correct answer because it is the only type of muscle that is nonstriated and innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Skeletal muscle is striated and is innervated by the somatic nervous system, while cardiac muscle is striated and is innervated by both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of organs, blood vessels, and other structures, and its contraction is involuntary and controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

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  • 6. 

    True or False. As the radius goes down resistance also goes down

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    As the radius goes down resistance goes up

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  • 7. 

    What might you see as a result of high blood pressure in a patient with conjestive heart failure

    • The veins will be difficult to see

    • The patient will wheeze a lot

    • The jugular veins are engorged within the neck

    Correct Answer
    A. The jugular veins are engorged within the neck
    Explanation
    High blood pressure in a patient with congestive heart failure can lead to increased pressure in the veins. This can cause the jugular veins in the neck to become engorged or swollen. This can be observed visually as the veins in the neck may appear more prominent or bulging. This is due to the impaired ability of the heart to pump blood effectively, leading to increased pressure in the veins and fluid accumulation in the body.

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  • 8. 

    As the chest wall expands what happens to volume and pressure

    • Volume and pressure both decrease

    • Volume and pressure both increase

    • Volume increases and pressure decreases

    Correct Answer
    A. Volume increases and pressure decreases
    Explanation
    When the chest wall expands, it creates more space in the chest cavity, allowing the lungs to expand. As the lungs expand, the volume of the chest cavity increases. This increase in volume leads to a decrease in pressure within the chest cavity. Therefore, as the chest wall expands, volume increases and pressure decreases.

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  • 9. 

    True or False.  Conduits for air, lymph, and blood all primarily have unidirectional flow except for air which is bidirectional

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The statement is true because conduits for air, lymph, and blood primarily have unidirectional flow, except for air which is bidirectional. This means that air, lymph, and blood flow in one direction through their respective conduits, ensuring efficient transportation and distribution throughout the body. However, air flow is bidirectional as it can be inhaled and exhaled through the same pathway, allowing for the exchange of gases in the respiratory system.

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  • 10. 

    The term that best describes when a muscle is stimulated with a single electrical shock a quick contraction followed by immediate relaxation

    • Summation

    • Twitch

    • Incomplete Tetanus

    • Complete Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Twitch
    Explanation
    A twitch is the correct term to describe when a muscle is stimulated with a single electrical shock, resulting in a quick contraction followed by immediate relaxation. This term is used to describe the brief and isolated response of a muscle to a single stimulus. It is different from summation, which refers to the increased force of contraction when multiple stimuli are applied rapidly, and from incomplete and complete tetanus, which involve sustained contractions of varying degrees.

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  • 11. 

    The best term to describe a smooth sustained contraction with no visible relaxation between twitches

    • Summation

    • Twitch

    • Incomplete Tetanus

    • Complete Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Complete Tetanus
    Explanation
    Complete tetanus is the best term to describe a smooth sustained contraction with no visible relaxation between twitches. In complete tetanus, the muscle fibers are stimulated at a high frequency, causing them to contract and remain contracted without any periods of relaxation. This results in a continuous and sustained contraction of the muscle, with no visible twitches or breaks in the contraction.

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  • 12. 

    This muscle is striated and innervated by the somatic nervous system

    • Skeletal Muscle

    • Cardiac Muscle

    • Smooth Muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Skeletal Muscle
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle is the correct answer because it is the only muscle type that is both striated and innervated by the somatic nervous system. Striated muscles have a striped appearance due to the arrangement of contractile proteins, and skeletal muscles fall under this category. Additionally, the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, which includes the contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles. Cardiac muscle, found in the heart, is also striated but is innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle, found in the walls of organs, is not striated and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

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  • 13. 

    This type of muscle is striated and innervated by the autonomic nervous sytem

    • Skeletal Muscle

    • Cardiac Muscle

    • Smooth Muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Cardiac Muscle
    Explanation
    Cardiac muscle is the correct answer because it is striated, meaning it has a striped appearance, and it is innervated by the autonomic nervous system. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control, cardiac muscle is involuntary and is responsible for the contraction of the heart. Smooth muscle, on the other hand, is also involuntary but is not striated and is found in organs such as the intestines and blood vessels.

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  • 14. 

    Acetylcholine is excitatory in which type of muscle

    • Skeletal Muscle

    • Cardiac Muscle

    • Smooth Muscle

    Correct Answer
    A. Skeletal Muscle
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle is innervated by the somatic nervous system in which acetylcholine is excitatory.

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  • 15. 

    The best term to describe when the force of contraction remains constant throughout the shortening proces

    • Eccentric Contraction

    • Isometric Contraction

    • Isotonic Contraction

    Correct Answer
    A. Isotonic Contraction
    Explanation
    Isotonic contraction is the correct term to describe when the force of contraction remains constant throughout the shortening process. In isotonic contraction, the muscle shortens while maintaining a constant tension or force. This type of contraction is commonly seen in activities such as lifting weights or performing bicep curls, where the muscle shortens as it contracts against a constant load.

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  • 16. 

    What neurotransmitter(s) is responsible for regulating smooth muscle?

    • Acetylcholine

    • Norepinephrine

    • Both Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine
    Explanation
    The answer is both because smooth muscle is innervated by the autonomic nervous system which uses Norepinephrine in excitatory actions and Acetylcholine in inhibitory actions

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  • 17. 

    For resisters in parralel, is the total resistance across the total path less than or greater than  through any single path?

    • Less than

    • Greater than

    Correct Answer
    A. Less than
    Explanation
    When resistors are connected in parallel, the total resistance across the total path is always less than the resistance through any single path. This is because in a parallel circuit, the current has multiple paths to flow through, and each path offers less resistance compared to a single path. As a result, the total resistance decreases, allowing more current to flow through the circuit.

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  • 18. 
    Which one of the following statements is true regarding the partial pressure gradients found in lung capilariesYou may use the following diagram for help: - ProProfs

    Which one of the following statements is true regarding the partial pressure gradients found in lung capilariesYou may use the following diagram for help:

    • The alveolar PO2 is greater than the PO2 found in the lung capilary

    • The alveolar PO2 is less than the PO2 found in the lung capilary

    • The alveolar PCO2 is less than or equal to the PCO2 found in the lung capilary

    • Both A and C are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Both A and C are correct
    Explanation
    Both A and C are correct. The alveolar PO2 is greater than the PO2 found in the lung capillary because oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the capillary, resulting in a higher partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. Similarly, the alveolar PCO2 is less than or equal to the PCO2 found in the lung capillary because carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillary into the alveoli, resulting in a lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

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  • 19. 

    A type of control system that is considered the workhorse for controlling homeostasis and contains an odd number of inverse relationships

    • Postive Feedback

    • Feed Forward

    • Negative Feedback

    Correct Answer
    A. Negative Feedback
    Explanation
    Negative feedback is a type of control system that is considered the workhorse for controlling homeostasis. It helps maintain stability by reversing any deviations from the desired set point. In negative feedback, the output of the system is used to counteract the input, thereby reducing the deviation. This control system contains an odd number of inverse relationships, meaning that the output of the system opposes the input. This ensures that the system self-regulates and maintains equilibrium.

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  • 20. 

    Considering the distinct angles of the bronchioles in relationship to the position of the heart, which of the lungs typically is affected in a pulmonary infection

    • The right lung

    • The Left lung

    • They have equal chance of becoming infected

    Correct Answer
    A. The right lung
    Explanation
    The left bronchial tube has a sharper angel to compensate for the position of the heart, thus the more direct rout of infection would be to travel into the right lung

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  • 21. 

    True or False. The blood pressure increases as it flows from the heart out to the peripheral circulation

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The blood pressure actually decreases as it flows from the heart out to the peripheral circulation. This is because the resistance to blood flow increases as the blood vessels become smaller and more numerous in the peripheral circulation. As a result, the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels decreases. Therefore, the statement "The blood pressure increases as it flows from the heart out to the peripheral circulation" is false.

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  • 22. 

    The term that best describes when a second electrical shock is administered before complete relaxation of the muscle

    • Summation

    • Twitch

    • Incomplete Tetanus

    • Complete Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Summation
    Explanation
    Summation is the term that best describes when a second electrical shock is administered before complete relaxation of the muscle. Summation occurs when the muscle is stimulated again before it has fully relaxed from the previous stimulation, causing a stronger contraction. This can result in a sustained contraction and increased muscle tension. In contrast, a twitch refers to a brief and single contraction of the muscle, while incomplete tetanus is a sustained contraction with partial relaxation, and complete tetanus is a sustained contraction without any relaxation.

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  • 23. 

    The percent blood volume is highest in the

    • Arterial system

    • Venous system

    Correct Answer
    A. Venous system
    Explanation
    The percent blood volume is highest in the venous system because veins have a larger capacity to hold blood compared to arteries. Veins are thin-walled and have valves that prevent backflow of blood, allowing them to accommodate a larger volume of blood. Additionally, veins act as a reservoir for blood, storing it and releasing it when needed, such as during exercise or in cases of blood loss. Arteries, on the other hand, have thicker walls and are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

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  • 24. 

    The cross-sectional area and Surface are both at their highest in the

    • Arteries

    • Capilaries

    • Veins

    • Aorta

    Correct Answer
    A. Capilaries
    Explanation
    Capillaries have the highest cross-sectional area and surface area compared to arteries, veins, and the aorta. This is because capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body and are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. The large number and small size of capillaries allow for a greater total cross-sectional area, which facilitates efficient exchange of substances. Additionally, the extensive branching and network of capillaries increase the overall surface area available for exchange. Therefore, capillaries have the highest cross-sectional area and surface area among the given options.

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  • 25. 

    Mercury is __________ times more dense thatn blood or water

    • 23

    • 13.6

    • It is the same density

    Correct Answer
    A. 13.6
    Explanation
    Mercury is 13.6 times more dense than blood or water. This means that for every unit of volume, mercury weighs 13.6 times more than the same volume of blood or water. In other words, mercury is much denser and heavier compared to blood or water.

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  • 26. 
    Looking at the following graph pick the best statement belowrefer to the 1st column as colum A and the second column as column B                           - ProProfs

    Looking at the following graph pick the best statement belowrefer to the 1st column as colum A and the second column as column B                          

    • Column a is a normal breath and Column b is a deep breath

    • Column a is a deep breath and column b is a normal breath

    • As volume increases pressure decreases

    • Both a and c are correct

    • Both b and c are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. Both a and c are correct
    Explanation
    Both a and c are correct because in the graph, as the volume increases (as shown in column A), the pressure decreases (as shown in column B). This relationship between volume and pressure is consistent with Boyle's Law, which states that as the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas decreases, assuming constant temperature. Therefore, both statements a and c accurately describe the relationship between volume and pressure in the given graph.

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  • 27. 

     _________ can be described as both force per unit area or energy/volume.

    Correct Answer
    pressure
    Explanation
    i.e
    lbs per sq in (psi)
    dynes/sq cm
    P = Energy/Volume or Work/Volume

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  • 28. 

    Pressure at the mouth (Pm) is equivalent to which of the following

    • 0 mm Hg relative to atmoshperic pressure

    • 760 mm Hg

    • The same as resting Alveolar pressure

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above." This means that the pressure at the mouth (Pm) can be 0 mm Hg relative to atmospheric pressure, 760 mm Hg, or the same as resting alveolar pressure. In other words, the pressure at the mouth can be any of these options, as they are all equivalent.

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  • 29. 

    True of False. The nesting of cycles found in complex systems decreases the stability of the regulated variable.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement suggests that the nesting of cycles in complex systems does not decrease the stability of the regulated variable. In complex systems, the nesting of cycles can actually enhance stability by providing feedback loops that help regulate and maintain the variable within desired limits. These feedback loops can help counteract disturbances and maintain equilibrium, ultimately contributing to stability rather than decreasing it.

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  • 30. 

    The term that best describes an increasing frequency of electrical shocks administered to a muscle that causes the relaxation period between twitches to decrease and the strength of the contraction to increase 

    • Summation

    • Twitch

    • Incomplete Tetanus

    • Complete Tetanus

    Correct Answer
    A. Incomplete Tetanus
    Explanation
    Incomplete tetanus is the term that best describes an increasing frequency of electrical shocks administered to a muscle that causes the relaxation period between twitches to decrease and the strength of the contraction to increase. In incomplete tetanus, the muscle fibers are stimulated at a high frequency, which leads to a sustained contraction with brief relaxation periods. This results in an increase in the strength of the contraction and a decrease in the relaxation time between twitches.

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  • 31. 

    The total cross-sectional area of each branch level of bronchi

    • Is greater than that of the previous branch point

    • Is less than that of the previous branch point

    • Is less than that of the previous branch point for the first 3-4 generations from the trachea and then reaches a point where it is greater than that of the previous branch point

    • Is greater than that of the previous branch point for the first 3-4 generations from the trachea and then reaches a point where it is less than that of the previous branch point

    Correct Answer
    A. Is less than that of the previous branch point for the first 3-4 generations from the trachea and then reaches a point where it is greater than that of the previous branch point
    Explanation
    In the bronchial tree, the total cross-sectional area of each branch level initially decreases for the first 3-4 generations from the trachea. This means that the diameter of the bronchi decreases as the branching occurs. However, after these initial generations, the total cross-sectional area starts to increase and becomes greater than that of the previous branch point. This increase in cross-sectional area allows for a larger surface area for gas exchange in the alveoli, ensuring efficient oxygenation of the blood.

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  • 32. 

    From the mouth through the first 16 generations of branching is usually called the conducting zone. In contrast with the respiratory zone it contains smooth muscle, cilia, and mucus secreting cells. It also contains on average about __________ of dead space air.

    • 20-40 ml

    • 75-100 ml

    • 150-200 ml

    • None. the dead space air is found in the respiratory zone

    Correct Answer
    A. 150-200 ml
    Explanation
    The correct answer is 150-200 ml. The conducting zone of the respiratory system, which includes the first 16 generations of branching, contains smooth muscle, cilia, and mucus-secreting cells. It also contains a certain amount of dead space air, which refers to the air that remains in the conducting zone and does not reach the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs. On average, this dead space air in the conducting zone is about 150-200 ml.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following is correct

    • Turbulence increases the resistance to airflow

    • Turbulence decreases the resistance to airflow

    • Turbulence decreases as airflow velocity increases

    • Both A and C are true

    Correct Answer
    A. Turbulence increases the resistance to airflow
    Explanation
    Turbulence increases the resistance to airflow so A is correct and B is incorrect. C would be correct if it read: Turbulence INCREASES as airflow velocity increases

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  • 34. 

    Which of the following is the correct metabolic equation for internal respiration

    • 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

    • 12 C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + 2 ATP

    • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
    Explanation
    The correct metabolic equation for internal respiration is C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP. This equation represents the process of cellular respiration, where glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are converted into carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and ATP (energy). This equation accurately reflects the products and reactants involved in the metabolic process of internal respiration.

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  • 35. 

    An extremely obese person is more likely to have problems breathing  when laying down because the diaphram is

    • To short

    • Too long

    Correct Answer
    A. Too long
    Explanation
    An extremely obese person is more likely to have problems breathing when laying down because their diaphragm is too long. The diaphragm is a muscle located beneath the lungs that helps in the process of breathing. In obese individuals, excess fat accumulation in the abdomen can push the diaphragm upwards, reducing its ability to expand and contract properly. This can lead to difficulties in taking deep breaths while lying down, causing problems with breathing.

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  • 36. 

    A control system that acts as a switch to turn on and is considered an "open loop."

    • Positive Feedback

    • Feed forward

    • Negative Feedback

    Correct Answer
    A. Feed forward
    Explanation
    A control system that acts as a switch to turn on and is considered an "open loop." This suggests that the control system does not rely on feedback from the output to adjust its behavior. Instead, it operates based on predetermined inputs and does not make any corrections based on the actual output. This type of control system is known as feed forward, as it only considers the input and does not take into account the output or any feedback information.

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  • 37. 

    During pregnancy you add another resistance bed in parallel as the blood flows to and from the fetus. Because of this during a healthy pregnancy the mother will usually experience

    • A drop in blood pressure due to decreased TPR

    • A rise in blood pressure due to decreased TPR

    • A drop in blood pressure due to increased TPR

    • A rise in blood pressure due to increased TPR

    Correct Answer
    A. A drop in blood pressure due to decreased TPR
    Explanation
    During pregnancy, the mother's body needs to supply oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, which requires an increase in blood flow. To accommodate this, the body adds another resistance bed in parallel, which refers to the blood vessels in the placenta. This additional resistance bed causes a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR), which is the resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. As a result, the mother will experience a drop in blood pressure.

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  • 38. 

    The muscle type most likely to function normally at a length much shorter than its optimal length

    • Skeletal Muscle

    • Cardiac Muscle

    • Smooth Muscle

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Cardiac Muscle
    Explanation
    Cardiac muscle is the correct answer because it is designed to function at a shorter length than its optimal length. Unlike skeletal muscle, which requires a certain length to generate maximum force, cardiac muscle contracts forcefully even when it is stretched. This property allows the heart to pump blood efficiently, as it can contract forcefully even when the heart chambers are filled with blood. Smooth muscle, on the other hand, can also function at shorter lengths, but it is not as efficient or powerful as cardiac muscle.

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  • 39. 

    Skeletal muscle is a pump for

    • Blood

    • Lymph

    • Air

    • Both Lymph and Air

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Both Lymph and Air
    Explanation
    Skeletal muscle serves as a pump for both lymph and air. Skeletal muscles are responsible for the movement of lymph, which is a clear fluid that circulates throughout the body and helps remove waste products and toxins. Additionally, skeletal muscles also play a crucial role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to facilitate the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is that skeletal muscle acts as a pump for both lymph and air.

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  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 05, 2008
    Quiz Created by
    Jdwebb
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