Brain Bee Review Part 3

2.

Rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep is the stage where we are more likely to dream.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

During the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep, our brain activity increases and becomes similar to when we are awake. This is the stage where we experience vivid and memorable dreams. REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, increased heart rate, and irregular breathing. Therefore, it is true that the REM stage of sleep is when we are more likely to dream.

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3.

In Alzheimer's disease, the brain cells die, the cortex thins and the fluid filled spaces in the brain enlarge.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

In Alzheimer's disease, brain cells gradually die, leading to the thinning of the cortex, which is the outer layer of the brain responsible for memory, thinking, and reasoning. Additionally, the fluid-filled spaces in the brain, known as ventricles, tend to enlarge. These changes in the brain structure are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and contribute to the cognitive decline and other symptoms associated with the condition.

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4.

The neurodegenerative disease associated with abnormal involuntary movements of the body is called ______

Alzheimer disease
Stroke
Huntington's disease
Multiple sclerosis

Correct Answer

A. Huntington's disease

Explanation

Huntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal involuntary movements of the body. It is a hereditary condition caused by a mutation in the HTT gene, leading to the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms of Huntington's disease include chorea (involuntary jerking or writhing movements), as well as cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms. There is currently no cure for Huntington's disease, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

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5.

We can completely stop inflmmation in multiple scelrosis by taking steroids.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Taking steroids can help reduce inflammation in multiple sclerosis, but it cannot completely stop it. Steroids are often prescribed as part of the treatment plan for multiple sclerosis to manage symptoms and reduce inflammation in the central nervous system. However, they do not provide a permanent solution and cannot completely eliminate inflammation. Other medications and therapies are also used in conjunction with steroids to manage the condition and its symptoms. Therefore, the statement that taking steroids can completely stop inflammation in multiple sclerosis is false.

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6.

Drugs that block dopamine receptors are helpful in reducing the frequency and impact of symptoms associated with Schizophrenia.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Drugs that block dopamine receptors are helpful in reducing the frequency and impact of symptoms associated with Schizophrenia. This is because an overactive dopamine system is believed to contribute to the development of symptoms in schizophrenia. By blocking dopamine receptors, these drugs can help regulate dopamine levels in the brain and alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

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7.

On a daily basis, when do cortisol levels peak?

In the morning
In the early afternoon
In the evening
At midnight

Correct Answer

A. In the morning

Explanation

Cortisol levels naturally peak in the morning. This is due to the body's internal clock, known as the circadian rhythm. Cortisol helps regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune system. It is highest in the morning to help wake us up and provide energy for the day ahead. As the day progresses, cortisol levels gradually decrease, reaching their lowest point at night, which helps prepare the body for sleep.

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8.

The condition in which the neural tube fails to close is known as _________

Alzheimer diseases
Anencephaly
Parkinson's disease
Spina bifida

Correct Answer

A. Spina bifida

Explanation

Spina bifida is the correct answer because it is a condition where the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly during embryonic development. This can result in various degrees of physical and neurological disabilities. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are neurodegenerative disorders that are not related to the failure of neural tube closure. Anencephaly is a condition where the neural tube does not close at the head end, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, but it is not the condition described in the question.

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9.

The short term memory capacity helps us to retain ___ items in working memory

6+/- 2
7+/- 2
8+/- 2
9+/- 2

Correct Answer

A. 7+/- 2

Explanation

The correct answer is 7+/- 2. This is because the short-term memory capacity, also known as working memory capacity, refers to the number of items that can be held in our memory at any given time. The average capacity is believed to be around 7 items, give or take 2. This means that most people can retain between 5 to 9 items in their working memory.

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10.

The hormone that is released in response to stress, raises blood sugar and fatty acids level, turns off growth, digestion and inflammation is __________

Cortisol
Adrenaline
Adrenocorticotrophin
Norepinephrine

Correct Answer

A. Cortisol

Explanation

Cortisol is the correct answer because it is a hormone that is released in response to stress. It has several effects on the body, including raising blood sugar and fatty acids levels. It also turns off growth, digestion, and inflammation. Adrenaline and norepinephrine are also hormones released in response to stress, but they do not have the same specific effects as cortisol. Adrenocorticotrophin is a hormone that stimulates the release of cortisol, but it is not directly responsible for the effects mentioned in the question.

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11.

The following statements describe cytokines except ______________

Stimulate the immune system and the key components of inflammation
Act on the liver where they stimulate the acute phase proteins
They are produced in the body at all times at high levels
They are triggered by bacterial and viral products

Correct Answer

A. They are produced in the body at all times at high levels

Explanation

Cytokines are signaling molecules that stimulate the immune system and play a key role in inflammation. They act on the liver to stimulate the production of acute phase proteins. However, it is not true that cytokines are produced in the body at all times at high levels. The production of cytokines is tightly regulated and varies depending on the presence of specific triggers such as bacterial and viral products.

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12.

Antidepressant drugs work by inhibiting the effects of neuromodulatory transmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. False

Explanation

Antidepressant drugs actually work by increasing the levels of neuromodulatory transmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline. They do not inhibit the effects of these transmitters. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

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13.

During the development of the nervous system, ___________

multiple nerve fibres initially go to each muscle, and then all but one is later eliminated by competition
Spina bifida results from a failure of the neural tube to close at the head end
The neural plate forms the spinal cord, but NOT the brain
the top part of the neural tube secretes Sonic hedgehog

Correct Answer

A. multiple nerve fibres initially go to each muscle, and then all but one is later eliminated by competition

Explanation

During the development of the nervous system, multiple nerve fibers initially go to each muscle, and then all but one is later eliminated by competition. This process is known as synaptic pruning and it helps to refine and strengthen the connections between nerve cells. The excess nerve fibers that are not needed are eliminated through a competitive process where the strongest and most efficient connections are maintained, while weaker connections are eliminated. This allows for more precise and efficient communication between nerve cells and muscles.

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Brain Bee Review Part 3

The condition in which a person cannot remember previously learned information is called?

Quiz Preview

Rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep is the stage where we are more likely to dream.

In Alzheimer's disease, the brain cells die, the cortex thins and the fluid filled spaces in the brain enlarge.

The neurodegenerative disease associated with abnormal involuntary movements of the body is called ______

We can completely stop inflmmation in multiple scelrosis by taking steroids.

Drugs that block dopamine receptors are helpful in reducing the frequency and impact of symptoms associated with Schizophrenia.

On a daily basis, when do cortisol levels peak?

The condition in which the neural tube fails to close is known as _________

The short term memory capacity helps us to retain ___ items in working memory

The hormone that is released in response to stress, raises blood sugar and fatty acids level, turns off growth, digestion and inflammation is __________

The following statements describe cytokines except ______________

Antidepressant drugs work by inhibiting the effects of neuromodulatory transmitters such as serotonin and noradrenaline.

During the development of the nervous system, ___________