How Well Do You Know About Bone Structure?

The diaphysis is the long cylindrical, main portion of the bone aaka the shaft.

The epiphyses are the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The proximal end is the end that is closer to the center of the body, while the distal end is the end that is further away from the center of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "distal" as it refers to the furthest end of the bone.

The membrane of the medullary cavity is known as the endosteum.

The regions between the diaphysis and the epiphyses are known as metaphyses. The diaphysis refers to the shaft or main portion of a long bone, while the epiphyses are the rounded ends of the bone. The metaphyses, therefore, refer to the areas where the diaphysis and epiphyses meet. These regions play a crucial role in bone growth and development, as they contain the growth plates or epiphyseal plates, which are responsible for longitudinal bone growth.

The resulting bony structure known as once hyaline cartilage converts to bone within the metaphyses is called the epiphyseal line.

Yellow bone marrow is found in the medullary cavity. The medullary cavity is the innermost part of the bone, surrounded by compact bone tissue. It contains yellow bone marrow, which is mainly composed of fat cells. Yellow bone marrow is responsible for storing fats and producing some types of blood cells. It is found in the long bones of adults, such as the femur and tibia.

Osteoblasts become trapped in their secretions and become osteocytes

The articular cartilage serves as a protective layer between the bones in a joint, reducing friction during movement. It also acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the joint and preventing damage from impact or excessive force. Therefore, the main functions of the articular cartilage are to reduce friction and absorb shock.

Articular cartilage covers the epiphyses areas where a joint forms one bone to another. Epiphyses refer to the rounded ends of long bones that articulate with other bones to form joints. Articular cartilage is a smooth and slippery tissue that covers the epiphyses, protecting the bones and allowing them to move smoothly against each other during joint movements.

The inner layer of cells in bones enable bone growth in terms of thickness. These cells, known as osteoblasts, are responsible for depositing new bone tissue on the inner surface of the bone. This process, called appositional growth, helps to increase the diameter of the bone and make it stronger. Articulations, on the other hand, refer to the joints between bones, and bone growth in length is primarily regulated by the growth plates located at the ends of long bones.

Periosteum is a dense connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the points of articulation where there is articular cartilage. Articular cartilage is a smooth, slippery tissue that covers the ends of bones in a joint, providing cushioning and reducing friction. Since periosteum does not exist where there is articular cartilage, the correct answer is "Where there is articular cartilage."

Osteocytes are bone cells that play a crucial role in maintaining bone health. They release lyosomal enzymes to digest protein and mineral components. These enzymes help in breaking down and remodeling bone tissue by breaking down proteins and minerals present in the bone matrix. This process is essential for the maintenance of bone structure and the release of minerals like calcium and phosphorous into the bloodstream.

Osteocytes and osteoblasts are both types of bone cells that play important roles in maintaining bone metabolism. However, the key difference between them is that osteocytes do not undergo cell division, while osteoblasts do. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are responsible for maintaining the daily activities of bone tissue, such as exchanging nutrients and wastes and regulating bone remodeling. On the other hand, osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation and are involved in the process of bone growth and repair, which requires cell division.

Osteogenic cells are the only type of bone cell that undergo cell division. These cells are responsible for the production of new bone tissue and play a crucial role in bone growth and repair. They have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are involved in maintaining bone health, while osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption. Therefore, osteogenic cells are the only bone cells that divide and give rise to other bone cell types.

The periosteum is a tough, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of bones. It serves multiple functions, including protecting the bone from external forces and providing a surface for the attachment of ligaments and tendons. Additionally, the periosteum contains blood vessels that supply nutrients to the underlying bone tissue, aiding in its nourishment. In the case of a fracture, the periosteum plays a crucial role in the healing process by providing a source of new bone cells and facilitating the repair of the damaged area.

The correct answer is epiphyseal plate and hyaline cartilage. The metaphyses are the regions of long bones where the diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (end) meet. The epiphyseal plate is a layer of cartilage located in the metaphysis that allows for longitudinal bone growth. Hyaline cartilage, also found in the metaphyses, provides a smooth surface for joint movement and reduces friction between bones. Both the epiphyseal plate and hyaline cartilage are important components of the metaphyses, contributing to bone growth and joint function.